本文主要介紹JDK動態代理的基本原理,讓你們更深入的理解JDK Proxy,知其然知其因此然。明白JDK動態代理真正的原理及其生成的過程,咱們之後寫JDK Proxy能夠不用去查demo,就能夠徒手寫個完美的Proxy。java
下面首先來個簡單的Demo,後續的分析過程都依賴這個Demo去介紹,例子採用JDK1.8運行。緩存
JDK Proxy HelloWorldapp
package com.yao.proxy;分佈式
/**ide
* Created by robin函數
*/微服務
public interface Helloworld {源碼分析
void sayHello();性能
}學習
package com.yao.proxy;
import com.yao.HelloWorld;
/**
* Created by robin
*/
public class HelloworldImpl implements HelloWorld {
public void sayHello() {
System.out.print("hello world");
}
}
package com.yao.proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* Created by robin
*/
public class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler{
private Object target;
public MyInvocationHandler(Object target) {
this.target=target;
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("method :"+ method.getName()+" is invoked!");
return method.invoke(target,args);
}
}
package com.yao.proxy;
import com.yao.HelloWorld;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
/**
* Created by robin
*/
public class JDKProxyTest {
public static void main(String[]args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
//這裏有兩種寫法,咱們採用略微複雜的一種寫法,這樣更有助於你們理解。
Class<?> proxyClass= Proxy.getProxyClass(JDKProxyTest.class.getClassLoader(),HelloWorld.class);
final Constructor<?> cons = proxyClass.getConstructor(InvocationHandler.class);
final InvocationHandler ih = new MyInvocationHandler(new HelloworldImpl());
HelloWorld helloWorld= (HelloWorld)cons.newInstance(ih);
helloWorld.sayHello();
//下面是更簡單的一種寫法,本質上和上面是同樣的
/*
HelloWorld helloWorld=(HelloWorld)Proxy.
newProxyInstance(JDKProxyTest.class.getClassLoader(),
new Class<?>[]{HelloWorld.class},
new MyInvocationHandler(new HelloworldImpl()));
helloWorld.sayHello();
*/
}
}
運行上面的代碼,這樣一個簡單的JDK Proxy就實現了。
代理生成過程
咱們之因此每天叫JDK動態代理,是由於這個代理class是由JDK在運行時動態幫咱們生成。在解釋代理生成過程前,咱們先把-Dsun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles=true這個參數加入到JVM 啓動參數中,它的做用是幫咱們把JDK動態生成的proxy class 的字節碼保存到硬盤中,幫助咱們查看具體生成proxy的內容。我用的Intellij IDEA ,代理class生成後直接放在項目的根目錄下的,以具體的包名爲目錄結構。
代理類生成的過程主要包括兩部分:
Proxy類的getProxyClass方法入口:須要傳入類加載器和interface
而後調用getProxyClass0方法,裏面的註解解釋很清楚,若是實現當前接口的代理類存在,直接從緩存中返回,若是不存在,則經過ProxyClassFactory來建立。
這裏能夠明顯看到有對interface接口數量的限制,不能超過65535。其中proxyClassCache具體初始化信息以下:
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
其中建立代理類的具體邏輯是經過ProxyClassFactory的apply方法來建立的。
ProxyClassFactory裏的邏輯包括了包名的建立邏輯,調用ProxyGenerator. generateProxyClass生成代理類,把代理類字節碼加載到JVM。
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
{
// prefix for all proxy class names
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
//生成包名和類名邏輯
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class. 生成代理類的字節碼
* -Dsun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles=true 在該部起做用
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
//加載到JVM中
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
咱們能夠根據代理類的字節碼進行反編譯,能夠獲得以下結果,其中HelloWorld只有sayHello方法,可是代理類中有四個方法 包括了Object上的三個方法:equals,toString,hashCode。
代理的大概結構包括4部分:
package com.sun.proxy;
import com.yao.HelloWorld;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements HelloWorld {
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m0;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler var1) throws {
super(var1);
}
public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws {
try {
return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1})).booleanValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final void sayHello() throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final String toString() throws {
try {
return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final int hashCode() throws {
try {
return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null)).intValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[]{Class.forName("java.lang.Object")});
m3 = Class.forName("com.yao.HelloWorld").getMethod("sayHello", new Class[0]);
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
}
}
}
常見問題: