【Spring Boot】21.集成elasticsearch
簡介
目前對於檢索功能比較有名的服務是咱們常見的elasticsearch，因此咱們這一節的重點，也是針對elasticsearch的使用。html
應用程序常常須要添加檢索功能，開源的 ElasticSearch 是目前全文搜索引擎的首選。他能夠快速的存儲、搜索和分析海量數據。Spring Boot經過整合Spring Data ElasticSearch爲咱們提供了很是便捷的檢索功能支持；java
Elasticsearch是一個分佈式搜索服務，提供Restful API，底層基於Lucene，採用多shard（分片）的方式保證數據安全，而且提供自動resharding的功能，維基百科、github等大型的站點也是採用了ElasticSearch做爲其搜索服務。node
概念
以員工文檔形式存儲爲例：一個文檔表明一個員工數據。存儲數據到ElasticSearch的行爲叫作索引，但在索引一個文檔以前，須要肯定將文檔存儲在哪裏。linux
一個ElasticSearch集羣能夠包含多個索引，相應的每一個索引能夠包含多個類型。這些不一樣的類型存儲着多個文檔，每一個文檔又有多個屬性。咱們能夠將其和咱們經常使用的關係數據庫概念進行類比：git
- 索引-數據庫
- 類型-表
- 文檔-表中的記錄
- 屬性-列
有關ES更多的信息請參考官方文檔，必定要先了解其內容，才能更好的使用ES。github
安裝基本環境
一、拉取鏡像web
docker pull registry.docker-cn.com/library/elasticsearch
二、限制內存啓動（若是你的內存不夠大的話）spring
docker run -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx256m" -d -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --name es01 鏡像id
ES是使用java編寫的服務，默認啓動下會佔用2G的內存，若是你的服務器配置不太夠的話，推薦使用自定義配置：-Xms是初始的堆內存大小，-Xms是最大使用的堆內存大小。docker
-d表明後臺運行 -p表明端口映射，ES默認使用兩個端口9200和9300，鏡像id能夠經過docker images命令查看。shell
真正在運用中關於elasticsearch服務確定須要特殊的維護的，通常不會這麼隨意。固然，咱們這裏只是測試，可是若是您要將其運用到實際的生產環境中，還要多去了解一些相關的知識。
運行命令後，咱們訪問瀏覽器:服務器IP:9200，可以獲得ES的返回數聽說明啓動成功了。
{
"name" : "jAQflp4",
"cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
"cluster_uuid" : "d9_vBcTfSS-2CBrL9DdCpw",
"version" : {
"number" : "6.5.3",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "tar",
"build_hash" : "159a78a",
"build_date" : "2018-12-06T20:11:28.826501Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "7.5.0",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
SpringBoot集成elasticsearch
建立項目
一樣適用springbootinitializer建立項目，選擇web模塊以及NoSql的elasticsearch模塊，完成建立，能夠看見，springboot爲咱們引入的elasticsearch啓動器pom以下：
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring boot默認使用spring-data-elasticsearch來進行操做的。
自動配置原理
經過查看源碼咱們能夠知道，springboot默認使用兩種技術來和ES交互：
- jest 默認狀況下不生效，須要導入jest的工具包io.searchbox.client.JestClien，生效以後可使用JestClient進行ES交互；
- springData elasticsearch 咱們仍是看springData elasticsearch的方式。 先看他的自動配置類
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch
package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.client.TransportClientFactoryBean;
/**
* {@link org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration
* Auto-configuration} for Elasticsearch.
*
* @author Artur Konczak
* @author Mohsin Husen
* @author Andy Wilkinson
* @since 1.1.0
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Client.class, TransportClientFactoryBean.class })
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.data.elasticsearch", name = "cluster-nodes", matchIfMissing = false)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ElasticsearchProperties.class)
public class ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration {
private final ElasticsearchProperties properties;
public ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration(ElasticsearchProperties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public TransportClient elasticsearchClient() throws Exception {
TransportClientFactoryBean factory = new TransportClientFactoryBean();
factory.setClusterNodes(this.properties.getClusterNodes());
factory.setProperties(createProperties());
factory.afterPropertiesSet();
return factory.getObject();
}
private Properties createProperties() {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put("cluster.name", this.properties.getClusterName());
properties.putAll(this.properties.getProperties());
return properties;
}
}
再來看其配置屬性類:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ElasticsearchProperties
/*
* Copyright 2012-2017 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
/**
* Configuration properties for Elasticsearch.
*
* @author Artur Konczak
* @author Mohsin Husen
* @since 1.1.0
*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.data.elasticsearch")
public class ElasticsearchProperties {
/**
* Elasticsearch cluster name.
*/
private String clusterName = "elasticsearch";
/**
* Comma-separated list of cluster node addresses.
*/
private String clusterNodes;
/**
* Additional properties used to configure the client.
*/
private Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<>();
public String getClusterName() {
return this.clusterName;
}
public void setClusterName(String clusterName) {
this.clusterName = clusterName;
}
public String getClusterNodes() {
return this.clusterNodes;
}
public void setClusterNodes(String clusterNodes) {
this.clusterNodes = clusterNodes;
}
public Map<String, String> getProperties() {
return this.properties;
}
public void setProperties(Map<String, String> properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
}
咱們能夠得出：
- 須要配置clusterName、clusterNodes；
- 經過ElasticsearchTemplate操做ES
- ElasticsearchRepositoriesRegistrar相似JPA的結構同樣的操做ES的方式；
測試Jest方式操做ES
- 導入jest關聯包
前面提到，要操做ES的話須要預先導入JEST包，去到maven網站查看jest包有不少版本，咱們能夠經過訪問本身的ES網站查看ES的大版本號，例如個人系統安裝的ES，訪問IP:9200獲得以下的反饋:
{
"name" : "jAQflp4",
"cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
"cluster_uuid" : "d9_vBcTfSS-2CBrL9DdCpw",
"version" : {
"number" : "6.5.3",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "tar",
"build_hash" : "159a78a",
"build_date" : "2018-12-06T20:11:28.826501Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "7.5.0",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
version.number爲6.5.3，所以咱們下載6.x版本的jest，導入pom以下:
pom.xml
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.searchbox/jest -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.searchbox</groupId>
<artifactId>jest</artifactId>
<version>6.3.1</version>
</dependency>
- 查看jest自動配置類 注意jest是位於elasticsearch自動配置包中
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestProperties
/*
* Copyright 2012-2017 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
/**
* Configuration properties for Jest.
*
* @author Stephane Nicoll
* @since 1.4.0
*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.elasticsearch.jest")
public class JestProperties {
/**
* Comma-separated list of the Elasticsearch instances to use.
*/
private List<String> uris = new ArrayList<>(
Collections.singletonList("http://localhost:9200"));
/**
* Login username.
*/
private String username;
/**
* Login password.
*/
private String password;
/**
* Whether to enable connection requests from multiple execution threads.
*/
private boolean multiThreaded = true;
/**
* Connection timeout.
*/
private Duration connectionTimeout = Duration.ofSeconds(3);
/**
* Read timeout.
*/
private Duration readTimeout = Duration.ofSeconds(3);
/**
* Proxy settings.
*/
private final Proxy proxy = new Proxy();
public List<String> getUris() {
return this.uris;
}
public void setUris(List<String> uris) {
this.uris = uris;
}
public String getUsername() {
return this.username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return this.password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public boolean isMultiThreaded() {
return this.multiThreaded;
}
public void setMultiThreaded(boolean multiThreaded) {
this.multiThreaded = multiThreaded;
}
public Duration getConnectionTimeout() {
return this.connectionTimeout;
}
public void setConnectionTimeout(Duration connectionTimeout) {
this.connectionTimeout = connectionTimeout;
}
public Duration getReadTimeout() {
return this.readTimeout;
}
public void setReadTimeout(Duration readTimeout) {
this.readTimeout = readTimeout;
}
public Proxy getProxy() {
return this.proxy;
}
public static class Proxy {
/**
* Proxy host the HTTP client should use.
*/
private String host;
/**
* Proxy port the HTTP client should use.
*/
private Integer port;
public String getHost() {
return this.host;
}
public void setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
}
public Integer getPort() {
return this.port;
}
public void setPort(Integer port) {
this.port = port;
}
}
}
能夠獲取到咱們能夠配置的內容。
- 配置JEST相關參數
application.yml
spring:
elasticsearch:
jest:
uris: http://10.21.1.47:9200
- 插入文檔
先建立一個bean來輔助測試
bean/Article.class
package com.zhaoyi.elastic.bean;
import io.searchbox.annotations.JestId;
public class Article {
@JestId
private Integer id;
private String author;
private String title;
private String content;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
}
一個傳統的javabean，同時別忘了爲其id字段標準@JestId註解。
接下來咱們編寫測試類，測試與ES之間的交互。
Test.class
@Autowired
private JestClient jestClient;
@Test
public void jestIndexTest() {
// 在ES中保存一個文檔
Article article = new Article(1, "渡航", "個人青春戀愛物語果真有問題", "是輕小說家渡航著做...");
// 構建一個索引功能
Index build = new Index.Builder(article).index("joyblack").type("article").build();
try {
// 執行操做
jestClient.execute(build);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
咱們在postman或者瀏覽器中輸入地址： IP:9200/joyblack/article/1，就能夠查看到新插入的文檔信息：
{
"_index": "joyblack",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"found": true,
"_source": {
"id": 1,
"author": "渡航",
"title": "個人青春戀愛物語果真有問題",
"content": "是輕小說家渡航著做..."
}
}
咱們能夠修改插入article的信息，多插入幾條article數據到ES中，方便咱們解析來測試查詢操做
- 查找文檔
如今查看咱們的索引joyblack的文檔類型article中，有以下3條數據：
{
"took": 4,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "joyblack",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"id": 2,
"author": "伏見司",
"title": "個人妹妹哪有這麼可愛",
"content": "是日本輕小說家伏見司創做..."
}
},
{
"_index": "joyblack",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"id": 1,
"author": "渡航",
"title": "個人青春戀愛物語果真有問題",
"content": "是輕小說家渡航著做..."
}
},
{
"_index": "joyblack",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"id": 3,
"author": "南懷瑾",
"title": "論語別裁",
"content": "是2005年復旦大學出版社出版書籍，做者南懷瑾..."
}
}
]
}
}
咱們來搜索做爲爲杜航的文檔信息:
@Test
package com.zhaoyi.elastic;
import com.zhaoyi.elastic.bean.Article;
import io.searchbox.client.JestClient;
import io.searchbox.core.Index;
import io.searchbox.core.Search;
import io.searchbox.core.SearchResult;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import java.io.IOException;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ElasticApplicationTests {
private static String index = "joyblack";
private static String type = "article";
@Autowired
private JestClient jestClient;
@Test
public void jestIndexTest() {
// 在ES中保存一個文檔
Article article = new Article(4, "hawking", "時間簡史", "是英國物理學家斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金創做的科學著做...");
// 構建一個索引功能
Index build = new Index.Builder(article).index(index).type(type).build();
try {
// 執行操做
jestClient.execute(build);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Test
public void jestSearchTest(){
String query = "{\n" +
"\t\"query\":{\n" +
"\t\t\"match\":{\n" +
"\t\t\t\"author\": \"杜航\"\n" +
"\t\t}\n" +
"\t}\n" +
"\t\n" +
"}";
// 構建搜索功能
Search build = new Search.Builder(query).addIndex(index).addType(type).build();
try {
SearchResult result = jestClient.execute(build);
System.out.println(result.getJsonString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
能夠獲得輸出結果:
{"took":4,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"skipped":0,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":1,"max_score":0.2876821,"hits":[{"_index":"joyblack","_type":"article","_id":"1","_score":0.2876821,"_source":{"id":1,"author":"渡航","title":"個人青春戀愛物語果真有問題","content":"是輕小說家渡航著做..."}}]}}
若是你使用term方式查詢的話，請注意「杜航」這樣的漢語在索引內部是分爲兩部分的「杜」和「航」，因此會查詢不到。
其餘的操做方式能夠參考：GitHub Jest項目地址
SpringData方式操做ES
先複習一下咱們之間總結的關於使用springdata方式操做ES的內容：
- 須要配置clusterName、clusterNodes；
- 經過ElasticsearchTemplate操做ES
- ElasticsearchRepositoriesRegistrar相似JPA的結構同樣的操做ES的方式；
所以，咱們開始學習使用springdata操做ES。訪問9200獲取ES服務的信息:
{
"name" : "jAQflp4",
"cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
"cluster_uuid" : "d9_vBcTfSS-2CBrL9DdCpw",
"version" : {
"number" : "6.5.3",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "tar",
"build_hash" : "159a78a",
"build_date" : "2018-12-06T20:11:28.826501Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "7.5.0",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
- 根據返回信息配置springdata相關信息
application.yml
spring:
data:
elasticsearch:
cluster-name: docker-cluster
cluster-nodes: 10.21.1.47:9300
若是使用docker安裝的ES，則集羣名字默認爲docker-cluster，若是使用linux直接安裝ES，默認爲ES，這些均可以經過ES的配置文件進行修改。
若是你配置以後運行提示超時錯誤，請查看springboot爲咱們引入的elasticsearch組件的版本號和你所安裝的es服務的版本是否適配，適配表格以下（能夠從官方查找到）查詢網址 ||| |-|-| |spring data elasticsearch| elasticsearch| |3.2.x| 6.5.0| |3.1.x |6.2.2| |3.0.x| 5.5.0| |2.1.x| 2.4.0| |2.0.x| 2.2.0| |1.3.x |1.5.2| ||| 參考該版本關係修改您的適配關係。
我使用的是2.x版本的springboot版本，沒有遇到上述問題，1.x版本須要作一些調整：升級springboot版本或者安裝低版本的elasticsearch版本
注意使用spring data使用的是9300端口。9300是tcp通信端口，集羣間和TCPClient使用該端口；9200是http協議的RESTful接口，咱們前面使用的jest使用的就是9200。
- 編寫bean對象Book
bean/Book.class
package com.zhaoyi.elastic.bean;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
@Document(indexName = "joyblack", type = "book")
public class Book {
private Integer id;
private String author;
private String title;
private String content;
public Book() {
}
public Book(Integer id, String author, String title, String content) {
this.id = id;
this.author = author;
this.title = title;
this.content = content;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"id=" + id +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", title='" + title + '\'' +
", content='" + content + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
能夠看到咱們這裏用了joyblack作索引，而且使用book做爲type，若是你以前在joyblack裏作了其餘的類型，請預先刪除，所以高版本的ES只容許index type一對一存在，不然會報Rejecting mapping update to [索引] as the final mapping would have more than 1 type: [原type, 多餘的type].
要麼刪除以前的index，要麼複用以前的index.注意高版本不支持刪除type，只容許刪除index。
刪除索引
@Autowired
ElasticsearchTemplate elasticsearchTemplate;
@Test
public void deleteTest(){
elasticsearchTemplate.deleteIndex("joyblack");
}
建立一個repository對象
repository/BookRepository.class
package com.zhaoyi.elastic.repository;
import com.zhaoyi.elastic.bean.Book;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;
public interface BookRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Book, Integer> {
}
其基本理念和咱們以前講springdata的時候已經說明過，如今就不在闡述，咱們直接進行測試：
- 測試插入數據
@Autowired
BookRepository bookRepository;
@Test
public void insertTest(){
Book book = new Book(4, "弗洛伊德", "夢的解析", "是弗洛伊德創做的哲學著做...");
bookRepository.index(book);
}
能夠看到，ES中已經按需插入了數據
{
"took": 2,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "joyblack",
"_type": "book",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"id": 4,
"author": "弗洛伊德",
"title": "夢的解析",
"content": "是弗洛伊德創做的哲學著做..."
}
}
]
}
}
- 批量插入 咱們多將幾本書的數據批量插入到ES中:
@Autowired
BookRepository bookRepository;
@Test
public void testInsertBatch(){
List<Book> books = Arrays.asList(
new Book(1, "十文字青", "灰與幻想的格林姆迦爾", "爲日本輕小說做家十文字青著做..."),
new Book(2, "長月達平", "Re：從零開始的異世界生活", "是弗洛伊德創做的哲學著做..."),
new Book(3, "貴志祐介", "來自新世界", "根據貴志祐介原做同名小說改編的動畫做品...")
);
books.parallelStream().forEach(b -> bookRepository.index(b));
}
這只是業務代碼層面的批量，更多的批量研究請慎入瞭解哦。
- 查詢數據 參考資料 有一個對應表格。
咱們先自定義一個查詢方法:
repository
package com.zhaoyi.elastic.repository;
import com.zhaoyi.elastic.bean.Book;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;
import java.util.List;
public interface BookRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Book, Integer> {
List<Book> findBookByTitle(String name);
}
接下里使用該查詢方法查詢title包含來自新世界的書籍信息:
Test.class
@Test
public void searchTest(){
System.out.println(bookRepository.findBookByTitle("來自新世界"));
}
獲得反饋:
[Book{id=3, author='貴志祐介', title='來自新世界', content='根據貴志祐介原做同名小說改編的動畫做品...'}]
固然，咱們也可使用註解的方式來自定義查詢方法，具體的用法有些許不一樣，就須要咱們本身去查閱官方文檔慢慢理解了。
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