咱們知道Java8的最大特性就是函數式接口。全部標註了@FunctionalInterface註解的接口都是函數式接口,具體來講,全部標註了該註解的接口都將能用在lambda表達式上。html
/** * Represents a function that accepts one argument and produces a result. * * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a> * whose functional method is {@link #apply(Object)}. * * @param <T> the type of the input to the function * @param <R> the type of the result of the function * * @since 1.8 */
上述描述可知: Function中傳遞的兩個泛型:T,R分別表明 輸入參數類型和返回參數類型。下面將逐個介紹Function中的各個接口:編程
接口1: 執行具體內容接口
R apply(T t);app
// 匿名類的方式實現 Function<Integer, Integer> version1 = new Function<Integer, Integer>() { @Override public Integer apply(Integer integer) { return integer++; } }; int result1 = version1.apply(20); // lamda表達式 Function<Integer, Integer> version2 = integer -> integer++; int result2 = version1.apply(20);
接口2: compose
該方法是一個默認方法,這個方法接收一個function做爲參數,將參數function執行的結果做爲參數給調用的function,以此來實現兩個function組合的功能。ide
// compose 方法源碼 default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) { Objects.requireNonNull(before); return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v)); }
public int compute(int a, Function<Integer, Integer> function1, Function<Integer, Integer> function2) { return function1.compose(function2).apply(a); } // 調用上述方法 test.compute(2, value -> value * 3, value -> value * value) // 執行結果: 12 (有源碼能夠看出先執行before)
接口3 : andThen
瞭解了compose方法,咱們再來看andThen方法就好理解了,聽名字就是「接下來」,andThen方法也是接收一個function做爲參數,與compse不一樣的是,先執行自己的apply方法,將執行的結果做爲參數給參數中的function。函數
public interface Function<T, R> { default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) { Objects.requireNonNull(after); return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t)); } }
public int compute2(int a, Function<Integer, Integer> function1, Function<Integer, Integer> function2) { return function1.andThen(function2).apply(a); } // 調用上述方法 test.compute2(2, value -> value * 3, value -> value * value) // 執行結果 : 36
Function接口雖然很簡潔,可是由Function源碼能夠看出,他只能傳一個參數,實際使用中確定不能知足需求。下面提供幾種思路:ui
由於參數緣由「自帶的Function」函數必然不能知足業務上覆雜多變的需求,那麼就自定義Function接口吧this
@FunctionalInterface static interface ThiConsumer<T,U,W>{ void accept(T t, U u, W w); default ThiConsumer<T,U,W> andThen(ThiConsumer<? super T,? super U,? super W> consumer){ return (t, u, w)->{ accept(t, u, w); consumer.accept(t, u, w); }; } }
自此,Function接口介紹完畢。code
接口介紹:htm
/** * Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one argument. * * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a> * whose functional method is {@link #test(Object)}. * * @param <T> the type of the input to the predicate * * @since 1.8 */ @FunctionalInterface public interface Predicate<T> {
Predicate是個斷言式接口其參數是<T,boolean>,也就是給一個參數T,返回boolean類型的結果。跟Function同樣,Predicate的具體實現也是根據傳入的lambda表達式來決定的。接口
源碼再也不具體分析,主要有 test/and/or/negate方法,以及一個靜態方法isEqual,具體使用實例以下:
private static void testPredict() { int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}; List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i : numbers) { list.add(i); } // 三個判斷 Predicate<Integer> p1 = i -> i > 5; Predicate<Integer> p2 = i -> i < 20; Predicate<Integer> p3 = i -> i % 2 == 0; List test = list.stream() .filter(p1 .and(p2) // .and(Predicate.isEqual(8)) .and(p3)) .collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println(test.toString()); //print:[6, 8, 10, 12, 14] }
接口介紹
/** * Represents a supplier of results. * * <p>There is no requirement that a new or distinct result be returned each * time the supplier is invoked. * * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a> * whose functional method is {@link #get()}. * * @param <T> the type of results supplied by this supplier * * @since 1.8 */ @FunctionalInterface public interface Supplier<T>
使用實例:
Supplier supplier = "Hello"::toLowerCase; System.out.println(supplier);
接口介紹
/** * Represents an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no * result. Unlike most other functional interfaces, {@code Consumer} is expected * to operate via side-effects. * * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a> * whose functional method is {@link #accept(Object)}. * * @param <T> the type of the input to the operation * * @since 1.8 */ @FunctionalInterface public interface Consumer<T> {
實際使用
NameInfo info = new NameInfo("abc", 123); Consumer<NameInfo> consumer = t -> { String infoString = t.name + t.age; System.out.println("consumer process:" + infoString); }; consumer.accept(info);
總結: 本文主要介紹Java8的接口式編程,以及jdk中提供的四種函數接口(FunctionalInterface)。Predict/Supplier/Consumer實際上是Function的一種變形,因此沒有詳細介紹。 疑問: FunctionalInterface註解是如何和lamada表達式聯繫在一塊兒,函數接口在編譯時又是如何處理的?後面再瞭解下