咱們在定義變量以前,最好先申明該變量的類型,如git
l=list() # l爲列表 print(l) t=tuple() # t爲元組 print(t)
當咱們定義一個相同元素時,不同的寫法將獲得不同的數據類型api
a1=(1) a2=(1,) print(type(a1)) # <class 'int'> print(type(a2)) # <class 'tuple'>
在tuple類型中,單個元素必定要加「,」逗號,不然沒法識別爲tuple類型。ssh
m = (1,2,3,43,4,6,1,3,4,4) # count(value) 統計value的個數 print(m.count(1)) # 2 # index(value) 返回第一個value元素的下標 print(m.index(4)) # 4 print(m.index(2)) # 1
字典是咱們在其餘應用中用到的keys:values形式的一種表達形式,字典能夠存儲任意的對象,也能夠是不一樣的數據類型。ide
# 字典的三種定義方式 d1 = dict(name = "zhou",age = 22) print(d1) # {'name': 'zhou', 'age': 22} d2 = {"id":43245232,"name":"zhoumoumou"} print(d2) # {'id': 43245232, 'name': 'zhoumoumou'} d3 = dict([("ip","1.1.1.1"),("address","ChangSha")]) print(d3) # {'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'address': 'ChangSha'}
方法:spa
# get(key) 根據key獲取value print(d1.get("name")) # zhou print(d1.get("address")) # None # setdefault 根據key獲取value,若是key不存在,能夠設定默認的value print(d1.setdefault("name")) # zhou print(d1.setdefault("address","ChangSha")) # ChangSha # 獲取全部的keys值 print(d2.keys()) # dict_keys(['id', 'name']) print(type(d2.keys())) # <class 'dict_keys'>
# 獲取全部的values值 print(d2.values()) # dict_values([43245232, 'zhoumoumou']) print(type(d2.values())) # <class 'dict_values'>
for x,y in d3.items(): print("key = {0},value = {1}".format(x,y)) # key = ip,value = 1.1.1.1 # key = address,value = ChangSha
update 和list中的 + 相似
l=list() l+=[1,2,3,4]code
m=dict() n=dict(name="zhou",age=12) m.update(n) print(m) # {'name': 'zhou', 'age': 12}
# l=list() l+=[1,2,3,4] l=list() m = [1,2,3,4,5,6] l+=m print(l) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(d3) # pop(key) 刪除key所對應的元素 keyDelete = d3.pop("ip") print(keyDelete) print(d3)
help() ctrl + 鼠標左鍵orm
s="dedwefwfrgwr" # help(s.split()) result = s.startswith("de") print(result) # True
# dir() print(dir(s)) # ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', # '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', # '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', # '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', # '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', # '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', # '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', # 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', # 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', # 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', # 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', # 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', # 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', # 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
# type() a="123" print(type(a)) # <class 'str'> print(type(int(a))) # <class 'int'>
# isinstance(a,type) 返回值是一個bool類型 print(isinstance(s,str)) # True print(isinstance(s,dict)) # False