nginx和uwsgi部署Django項目

1、防火牆和端口設置

• 開啓防火牆：systemctl start firewalld
• 關閉防火牆：systemctl stop firewalld
• 查看防火牆狀態：systemctl status firewalld
• 重啓防火牆：systemctl restart firewalld
• 設置開機自啓：systemctl enable nginx firewalld
• 查看開放端口列表：firewall-cmd --list-ports

• 開放指定的端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=端口號/tcp --permanent

  須要注意的是：開放端口以後須要重啓防火牆才能生效

2、項目環境安裝

• 依賴安裝

  yum install python3-devel zlib-devel mysql-devel libffi-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel java wget gcc

• 安裝nginx

  yum install nginx

• 安裝redis和mysql

  yum install mysql-server
  yum install redis

• 安裝python進程管理工具supervisor

  yum install python3-devel zlib-devel mysql-devel libffi-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel java wget gcc

• 設置開機啓動

  systemctl enable redis mysqld nginx supervisord

  注意：

  1. mysql安裝以後默認不會啓動，須要使用systemctl start mysqld.service來啓動，或者mysqld.service替換爲mysqld
  2. 設置開機自啓動時是mysqld和supervisord，不是mysql和supervisor

• 安裝python3.7

  • 下載源碼包：wget https://www.python.org/ftp/py...
  • 解壓：tar -xf Python-3.7.8rc1.tar.xz
  • 在/usr/local下新建python3目錄，用於安裝python3.7.8
  • 進入python3.7.8源碼包安裝：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations
  • 執行命令：make && make install，吐過上一步添加了--enable-optimizations，這一步會比較耗時間，這個參數能夠不加

  • 把python3和pip3軟鏈接到/usr/bin上：

    • 軟鏈接python3：ln /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
    • 軟鏈接pip3：ln /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

    問題：使用pip3 install -r requirements.txt安裝依賴時，報錯：Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-ifh_bc24/cryptography/
    解決方法：命令行pip3 install --upgrade setuptools，而後重試

3、Django部署中nginx設置

• nginx配置文件

  # For more information on configuration, see:
  #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
  
  user root;
  worker_processes auto;
  error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
  pid /run/nginx.pid;
  
  # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
  #include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
  
  events {
    worker_connections 1024;
  }
  
  http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
  
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
  
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
  
    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
  
    upstream uwsgi_backend {  # http請求轉發配置
        server localhost:8888;
    }
  
    upstream channels-backend {  # websocket請求轉發配置
        server localhost:8000;
    }
  
    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  www.ejpro.top; # 顯示在瀏覽器上的名稱
        charset utf-8;
        client_max_body_size 75M; #客戶端請求體最大的限制
  
        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
  
  
        ##### 靜態文件設置
        location /static/ {
            root  /home/tourism;  # static文件所在的目錄路徑
        }
  
        location /media/ {
            root  /home/tourism;  # media文件所在的目錄路徑
        }
  
  
        #### 動態轉發請求
        location / {
            uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8001;
            include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; # 指向的是nginx，Django自己沒有該文件
        }
    }
  }

• 注意事項：

  • 註釋掉include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf，若是不註釋這行nginx會默認使用/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default文件，註釋掉後nginx就會使用nginx.conf的配置

  • 靜態文件路徑配置，static和media的配置路徑都只能寫到上一層，不能包含static和media這一層，這一點必需要注意，不然會出現以下錯誤：

    [error] 14635#0: *49 open() "/home/tourism/static/static/admin/simpleui-x/particles/particles.js"
    # 多寫了一層static

  • 動態請求中須要注意的是：uwsgi_params路徑在/etc/nginx下，Django自己沒有該文件

4、uwsgi.ini配置

• 配置文件

  [uwsgi]
  # Django manage.py 所在文件夾路徑
  #Django項目源碼目錄
  chdir = /home/tourism
  # Django系統的uwsgi，若是不記得能夠從settings.py文件中WSGI_APPLICATION查看
  module = project.wsgi:application
  # 啓用master進程管理
  master = true
  # 綁定的 UNIX socket
  socket = 127.0.0.1:8888
  # uwsgi的進程數
  processes = 4
  # 重啓進行耗時超過30秒就關閉
  harakiri = 30
  # 最大請求處理數，以後從新生成進程
  max-requests = 5000
  # 退出時清理環境
  vacuum = true
  # socket
  socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
  # uid
  uid = 1000
  # gid
  gid = 2000
  
  
  # pidfile路徑
  pidfile = /home/tourism/deploy/sub/master.pid
  # deamonize日誌文件路徑
  deamonize = /home/tourism/deploy/sub/tourism.log
  # 當服務器關閉或退出時是否清除pidfile和deamonize文件
  vacuum=True
  
  static-map = /static = /home/tourism/static

• 若是部署上線後項目在虛擬環境中，還須要另外配置home參數，即python的虛擬環境。若是沒有虛擬環境，不須要配置該項

• 須要配置static-map = /static = /home/tourism/static

  6、小坑

• 問題：部署上線後靜態文件加載不了

• 解決辦法：

  • nginx中把第一行 user nginx改爲user root，提升權限
  • nginx中的static和media配置路徑，路徑不能包括static和media
  • 配置Django項目權限：chmod 777 項目路徑
  • 在uwsgi.ini中添加static-map = /static = static的絕對路徑
  • 收集靜態文件：python3 manage.py collectstatic
  • 注意查看settings.py文件中的static和media路徑配置是否正確