Nethereum基本上是目前惟一可用的.NET平臺下的web3.js移植包。在這個教程中,咱們將首先編寫並部署一個簡單的智能合約,而後建立一個簡單的.NET應用,並使用Nethereum來訪問以太坊上的智能合約。Nethereum是經過以太坊節點旳標準RPC接口訪問智能合約,所以使用Nethereum能夠對接全部的以太坊節點實現,例如geth或parity。web
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首先安裝開發用以太坊節點軟件Ganache:windows
~$ npm install -g ganache-cli
而後安裝以太坊開發框架Truffle:app
~$ npm install -g truffle
如今建立一個項目目錄,進入該目錄,並執行truffle init
進行初始化:框架
~$ mkdir demo && cd hubwiz ~/hubwiz$ truffle init
truffle會建立一些新的文件夾:contract、test、migration等。在contract文件夾中,建立一個新的合約文件Vote.sol:ui
~/hubwiz/contracts$ touch Vote.sol
按以下內容編輯Vote.sol,這個合約只是簡單地跟蹤兩個候選人的得票數,它使用交易發起帳戶做爲投票人,而且每一個帳戶只能投一票:url
pragma solidity ^0.4.16; contract Vote { uint public candidate1; uint public candidate2; mapping (address => bool) public voted; function castVote(uint candidate) public { require(!voted[msg.sender] && (candidate == 1 || candidate == 2)); if(candidate == 1){ candidate1++; }else{ candidate2++; } voted[msg.sender] = true; } }
接下來在migration文件夾建立一個新的js文件2_vote.js,內容以下:spa
var vote = artifacts.require("Vote"); module.exports = function(deployer) { // deployment steps deployer.deploy(vote); };
而後打開項目文件夾下的truffle.js,用如下內容替換:code
module.exports = { networks: { ganache: { host: "127.0.0.1", port: 7545, network_id: "*" // Match any network id } } };
如今打開一個終端,啓動ganache:blog
~$ ganache-cli
而後打開另外一個終端,用truffle部署合約:
~/hubwiz$ truffle deploy --reset --network ganache
你會看到終端輸出相似下面的合約地址,拷貝下來,後面還要用到:
Vote: 0xe4e47451aad6c89a6d9e4ad104a7b77ffe1d3b36
建立一個新的控制檯項目,添加對以下開發包的依賴:
而後按以下內容修改program.cs:
using System; using System.Numerics; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Nethereum.Contracts; using Nethereum.Hex.HexTypes; using Nethereum.Web3; namespace console { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //The URL endpoint for the blockchain network. string url = "HTTP://localhost:7545"; //The contract address:合約部署的地址 string address = "0x345cA3e014Aaf5dcA488057592ee47305D9B3e10"; //The ABI for the contract. string ABI = @"[{'constant':true,'inputs':[],'name':'candidate1','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'uint256'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'},{'constant':false,'inputs':[{'name':'candidate','type':'uint256'}],'name':'castVote','outputs':[],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'nonpayable','type':'function'},{'constant':true,'inputs':[],'name':'candidate2','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'uint256'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'},{'constant':true,'inputs':[{'name':'','type':'address'}],'name':'voted','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'bool'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'}]"; //Creates the connecto to the network and gets an instance of the contract. Web3 web3 = new Web3(url); Contract voteContract = web3.Eth.GetContract(ABI, address); //Reads the vote count for Candidate 1 and Candidate 2 Task<BigInteger> candidate1Function = voteContract.GetFunction("candidate1").CallAsync<BigInteger>(); candidate1Function.Wait(); int candidate1 = (int)candidate1Function.Result; Task<BigInteger> candidate2Function = voteContract.GetFunction("candidate2").CallAsync<BigInteger>(); candidate2Function.Wait(); int candidate2 = (int)candidate2Function.Result; Console.WriteLine("Candidate 1 votes: {0}", candidate1); Console.WriteLine("Candidate 2 votes: {0}", candidate2); //Prompts for the account address. Console.Write("Enter the address of your account: "); string accountAddress = Console.ReadLine(); //Prompts for the users vote. int vote = 0; Console.Write("Press 1 to vote for candidate 1, Press 2 to vote for candidate 2: "); Int32.TryParse(Convert.ToChar(Console.Read()).ToString(), out vote); Console.WriteLine("You pressed {0}", vote); //Executes the vote on the contract. try{ HexBigInteger gas = new HexBigInteger(new BigInteger(400000)); HexBigInteger value = new HexBigInteger(new BigInteger(0)); Task<string> castVoteFunction = voteContract.GetFunction("castVote").SendTransactionAsync(accountAddress, gas, value, vote); castVoteFunction.Wait(); Console.WriteLine("Vote Cast!"); }catch(Exception e){ Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message); } } } }
別忘了用你本身部署的合約地址修改上面代碼中的合約地址。如今運行應用,就能夠投票了!
用Nethereum很容易就能夠爲.Net應用添加訪問以太坊智能合約的能力,因爲Nethereum基於.NET平臺,所以它能夠用於.NET Core應用、.NET Standard應用、Xamarin以及各類windows應用中。