iOS開發UI篇—字典轉模型數組
1、能完成功能的「問題代碼」app
1.從plist中加載的數據編輯器
2.實現的代碼ide
1 // 2 // LFViewController.m 3 // 03-應用管理 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-22. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 heima. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import "LFViewController.h" 10 11 @interface LFViewController () 12 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *appList; 13 @end 14 15 @implementation LFViewController 16 17 - (NSArray *)appList 18 { 19 if (!_appList) { 20 21 // 1. 從mainBundle加載 22 NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle]; 23 NSString *path = [bundle pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil]; 24 _appList = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; 25 26 NSLog(@"%@", _appList); 27 } 28 return _appList; 29 } 30 31 - (void)viewDidLoad 32 { 33 [super viewDidLoad]; 34 35 // 總共有3列 36 int totalCol = 3; 37 CGFloat viewW = 80; 38 CGFloat viewH = 90; 39 40 CGFloat marginX = (self.view.bounds.size.width - totalCol * viewW) / (totalCol + 1); 41 CGFloat marginY = 10; 42 CGFloat startY = 20; 43 44 for (int i = 0; i < self.appList.count; i++) { 45 46 int row = i / totalCol; 47 int col = i % totalCol; 48 49 CGFloat x = marginX + (viewW + marginX) * col; 50 CGFloat y = startY + marginY + (viewH + marginY) * row; 51 52 UIView *appView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, viewW, viewH)]; 53 54 [self.view addSubview:appView]; 55 56 // 建立appView內部的細節 57 // 0> 讀取數組中的字典 58 NSDictionary *dict = self.appList[i]; 59 60 // 1> UIImageView 61 UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, viewW, 50)]; 62 imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:dict[@"icon"]]; 63 imageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit; 64 [appView addSubview:imageView]; 65 66 // 2> UILabel 67 UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, imageView.bounds.size.height, viewW, 20)]; 68 // 設置文字 69 label.text = dict[@"name"]; 70 label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0]; 71 label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter; 72 73 [appView addSubview:label]; 74 75 // 3> UIButton 76 // UIButtonTypeCustom和[[UIButton alloc] init]是等價的 77 UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; 78 button.frame = CGRectMake(15, 70, viewW - 30, 20); 79 80 [button setTitle:@"下載" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; 81 // *** 不能使用以下代碼直接設置title 82 // button.titleLabel.text = @"下載"; 83 // @property中readonly表示不容許修改對象的指針地址,可是能夠修改對象的屬性 84 button.titleLabel.font= [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0]; 85 86 [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; 87 [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; 88 89 [appView addSubview:button]; 90 } 91 } 92 93 @end
3.實現效果優化
4.代碼問題動畫
在上述代碼的第62,69行,咱們是直接經過字典的鍵名獲取plist中的數據信息,在viewController中須要直接和數據打交道,若是須要屢次使用可能會由於不當心把鍵名寫錯,而程序並不報錯。鑑於此,能夠考慮把字典數據轉換成一個模型,把數據封裝到一個模型中去,讓viewController再也不直接和數據打交道,而是和模型交互。編碼
通常狀況下,設置數據和取出數據都使用「字符串類型的key」,編寫這些key時,編輯器沒有智能提示,須要手敲。如:atom
dict[@"name"] = @"Jack";spa
NSString *name = dict[@"name"];指針
手敲字符串key,key容易寫錯
Key若是寫錯了,編譯器不會有任何警告和報錯,形成設錯數據或者取錯數據
2、字典轉模型
1.字典轉模型介紹
示意圖:
字典轉模型的好處:
(1)下降代碼的耦合度
(2)全部字典轉模型部分的代碼統一集中在一到處理,下降代碼出錯的概率
(3)在程序中直接使用模型的屬性操做,提升編碼效率
(4)調用方不用關心模型內部的任何處理細節
字典轉模型的注意點:
模型應該提供一個能夠傳入字典參數的構造方法
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
+ (instancetype)xxxWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
提示:在模型中合理地使用只讀屬性,能夠進一步下降代碼的耦合度。
2.代碼示例(一)
新建一個類,用來做爲數據模型
viewController.m文件代碼(字典轉模型)
1 #import "LFViewController.h" 2 #import "LFAppInfo.h" 3 4 @interface LFViewController () 5 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *appList; 6 @end 7 8 @implementation LFViewController 9 10 // 字典轉模型 11 - (NSArray *)appList 12 { 13 if (!_appList) { 14 // 1. 從mainBundle加載 15 NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle]; 16 NSString *path = [bundle pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil]; 17 // _appList = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; 18 19 NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; 20 // 將數組轉換成模型,意味着self.appList中存儲的是LFAppInfo對象 21 // 1. 遍歷數組,將數組中的字典依次轉換成AppInfo對象,添加到一個臨時數組 22 // 2. self.appList = 臨時數組 23 24 NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array]; 25 for (NSDictionary *dict in array) { 26 //用字典來實例化對象的工廠方法 27 [arrayM addObject:[LFAppInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]]; 28 } 29 30 _appList = arrayM; 31 } 32 return _appList; 33 } 34 35 - (void)viewDidLoad 36 { 37 [super viewDidLoad]; 38 39 // 總共有3列 40 int totalCol = 3; 41 CGFloat viewW = 80; 42 CGFloat viewH = 90; 43 44 CGFloat marginX = (self.view.bounds.size.width - totalCol * viewW) / (totalCol + 1); 45 CGFloat marginY = 10; 46 CGFloat startY = 20; 47 48 for (int i = 0; i < self.appList.count; i++) { 49 50 int row = i / totalCol; 51 int col = i % totalCol; 52 53 CGFloat x = marginX + (viewW + marginX) * col; 54 CGFloat y = startY + marginY + (viewH + marginY) * row; 55 56 UIView *appView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, viewW, viewH)]; 57 58 [self.view addSubview:appView]; 59 60 // 建立appView內部的細節 61 // 0> 讀取數組中的AppInfo 62 // NSDictionary *dict = self.appList[i]; 63 LFAppInfo *appInfo = self.appList[i]; 64 65 // 1> UIImageView 66 UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, viewW, 50)]; 67 imageView.image = appInfo.image; 68 imageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit; 69 70 [appView addSubview:imageView]; 71 72 // 2> UILabel 73 UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, imageView.bounds.size.height, viewW, 20)]; 74 // 設置文字 75 label.text = appInfo.name; 76 label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0]; 77 label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter; 78 79 [appView addSubview:label]; 80 81 // 3> UIButton 82 // UIButtonTypeCustom和[[UIButton alloc] init]是等價的 83 UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; 84 button.frame = CGRectMake(15, 70, viewW - 30, 20); 85 86 [button setTitle:@"下載" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; 87 button.titleLabel.font= [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0]; 88 89 [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; 90 [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; 91 92 [appView addSubview:button]; 93 button.tag = i; 94 95 [button addTarget:self action:@selector(downloadClick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; 96 } 97 } 98 99 - (void)downloadClick:(UIButton *)button 100 { 101 NSLog(@"%d", button.tag); 102 // 實例化一個UILabel顯示在視圖上,提示用戶下載完成 103 UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(80, 400, 160, 40)]; 104 label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter; 105 label.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor]; 106 107 LFAppInfo *appInfo = self.appList[button.tag]; 108 label.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"下載%@完成", appInfo.name]; 109 label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:13.0]; 110 label.alpha = 1.0; 111 [self.view addSubview:label]; 112 113 // 動畫效果 114 // 動畫效果完成以後,將Label從視圖中刪除 115 // 首尾式動畫,只能作動畫,要處理完成後的操做不方便 116 // [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil]; 117 // [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.0]; 118 // label.alpha = 1.0; 119 // [UIView commitAnimations]; 120 121 // block動畫比首尾式動畫簡單,並且可以控制動畫結束後的操做 122 // 在iOS中,基本都使用首尾式動畫 123 [UIView animateWithDuration:2.0 animations:^{ 124 label.alpha = 0.0; 125 } completion:^(BOOL finished) { 126 // 刪除label 127 [label removeFromSuperview]; 128 }]; 129 } 130 131 @end
模型.h文件代碼
1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 2 3 @interface LFAppInfo : NSObject 4 5 // 應用程序名稱 6 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name; 7 // 應用程序圖標名稱 8 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon; 9 10 // 圖像 11 // 定義屬性時,會生成getter&setter方法,還會生成一個帶下劃線的成員變量 12 // 若是是readonly屬性,只會生成getter方法,同時沒有成員變量 13 @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) UIImage *image; 14 15 // instancetype會讓編譯器檢查實例化對象的準確類型 16 // instancetype只能用於返回類型,不能當作參數使用 17 18 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 19 /** 工廠方法 */ 20 + (instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 21 22 @end
模型.m文件數據處理代碼
1 #import "LFAppInfo.h" 2 3 @interface LFAppInfo() 4 { 5 UIImage *_imageABC; 6 } 7 @end 8 9 @implementation LFAppInfo 10 11 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 12 { 13 self = [super init]; 14 if (self) { 15 self.name = dict[@"name"]; 16 self.icon = dict[@"icon"]; 17 } 18 return self; 19 } 20 21 + (instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 22 { 23 return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict]; 24 } 25 26 - (UIImage *)image 27 { 28 if (!_imageABC) { 29 _imageABC = [UIImage imageNamed:self.icon]; 30 } 31 return _imageABC; 32 } 33 34 @end
3.代碼示例(二)
數據信息:plist文件
字典轉模型(初步)
模型.h文件
1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 2 3 @interface LFQuestion : NSObject 4 5 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *answer; 6 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title; 7 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon; 8 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *options; 9 10 @property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image; 11 12 /** 用字典實例化對象的成員方法 */ 13 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 14 /** 用字典實例化對象的類方法,又稱工廠方法 */ 15 + (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 16 @end
模型.m文件
1 #import "LFQuestion.h" 2 3 @implementation LFQuestion 4 5 + (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 6 { 7 return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict]; 8 } 9 10 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 11 { 12 self = [super init]; 13 if (self) { 14 self.answer = dict[@"answer"]; 15 self.icon = dict[@"icon"]; 16 self.title = dict[@"title"]; 17 self.options = dict[@"options"]; 18 19 [self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict]; 20 } 21 return self; 22 }
viewController.m文件中的數據處理
1 - (NSArray *)questions 2 { 3 if (!_questions) { 4 5 NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"questions.plist" ofType:nil]]; 6 7 NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array]; 8 9 for (NSDictionary *dict in array) { 10 [arrayM addObject:[LFQuestion questionWithDict:dict]]; 11 } 12 _questions=arrayM; 13 } 14 return _questions; 15 }
字典轉模型(優化)
上面代碼能夠作進一步的優化,從plist文件中讀取數據是能夠交給模型去處理的,優化後代碼以下:
模型.h文件
1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 2 3 @interface LFQuestion : NSObject 4 5 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *answer; 6 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title; 7 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon; 8 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *options; 9 10 @property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image; 11 12 /** 用字典實例化對象的成員方法 */ 13 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 14 /** 用字典實例化對象的類方法,又稱工廠方法 */ 15 + (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 16 17 /** 從plist加載對象數組 */ 18 + (NSArray *)questions; 19 20 @end
模型.m文件
1 #import "LFQuestion.h" 2 3 @implementation LFQuestion 4 5 + (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 6 { 7 return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict]; 8 } 9 10 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 11 { 12 self = [super init]; 13 if (self) { 14 self.answer = dict[@"answer"]; 15 self.icon = dict[@"icon"]; 16 self.title = dict[@"title"]; 17 self.options = dict[@"options"]; 18 19 [self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict]; 20 } 21 return self; 22 } 23 24 25 + (NSArray *)questions 26 { 27 NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"questions.plist" ofType:nil]]; 28 29 NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array]; 30 31 for (NSDictionary *dict in array) { 32 [arrayM addObject:[LFQuestion questionWithDict:dict]]; 33 } 34 35 return arrayM; 36 } 37 @end
viewController.m文件中的數據處理代碼部分
1 - (NSArray *)questions 2 { 3 if (!_questions) { 4 _questions = [LFQuestion questions]; 5 } 6 return _questions; 7 }
補充內容:(KVC)的使用
(1)在模型內部的數據處理部分,可使用鍵值編碼來進行處理
1 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 2 { 3 self = [super init]; 4 if (self) { 5 // self.answer = dict[@"answer"]; 6 // self.icon = dict[@"icon"]; 7 // self.title = dict[@"title"]; 8 // self.options = dict[@"options"]; 9 10 // KVC (key value coding)鍵值編碼 11 // cocoa 的大招,容許間接修改對象的屬性值 12 // 第一個參數是字典的數值 13 // 第二個參數是類的屬性 14 [self setValue:dict[@"answer"] forKeyPath:@"answer"]; 15 [self setValue:dict[@"icon"] forKeyPath:@"icon"]; 16 [self setValue:dict[@"title"] forKeyPath:@"title"]; 17 [self setValue:dict[@"options"] forKeyPath:@"options"]; 18 } 19 return self; 20 }
(2)setValuesForKeys的使用
上述數據操做細節,能夠直接經過setValuesForKeys方法來完成。
1 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 2 { 3 self = [super init]; 4 if (self) { 5 // 使用setValuesForKeys要求類的屬性必須在字典中存在,能夠比字典中的鍵值多,可是不能少。 6 [self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict]; 7 } 8 return self; 9 }
3、補充說明
1.readonly屬性
(1)@property中readonly表示不容許修改對象的指針地址,可是能夠修改對象的屬性。
(2)一般使用@property關鍵字定義屬性時,會生成getter&setter方法,還會生成一個帶下劃線的成員變量。
(3)若是是readonly屬性,只會生成getter方法,不會生成帶下劃線的成員變量.
2.instancetype類型
(1)instancetype會讓編譯器檢查實例化對象的準確類型
(2)instancetype只能用於返回類型,不能當作參數使用
3.instancetype & id的比較
(1) instancetype在類型表示上,跟id同樣,能夠表示任何對象類型
(2) instancetype只能用在返回值類型上,不能像id同樣用在參數類型上
(3) instancetype比id多一個好處:編譯器會檢測instancetype的真實類型