iOS開發UI篇—字典轉模型

iOS開發UI篇—字典轉模型數組

1、能完成功能的「問題代碼」app

1.從plist中加載的數據編輯器

2.實現的代碼ide

 1 //
 2 //  LFViewController.m
 3 //  03-應用管理
 4 //
 5 //  Created by apple on 14-5-22.
 6 //  Copyright (c) 2014年 heima. All rights reserved.
 7 //
 8 
 9 #import "LFViewController.h"
10 
11 @interface LFViewController ()
12 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *appList;
13 @end
14 
15 @implementation LFViewController
16 
17 - (NSArray *)appList
18 {
19     if (!_appList) {
20 
21         // 1. 從mainBundle加載
22         NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
23         NSString *path = [bundle pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil];
24         _appList = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
25         
26         NSLog(@"%@", _appList);
27     }
28     return _appList;
29 }
30 
31 - (void)viewDidLoad
32 {
33     [super viewDidLoad];
34     
35     // 總共有3列
36     int totalCol = 3;
37     CGFloat viewW = 80;
38     CGFloat viewH = 90;
39     
40     CGFloat marginX = (self.view.bounds.size.width - totalCol * viewW) / (totalCol + 1);
41     CGFloat marginY = 10;
42     CGFloat startY = 20;
43     
44     for (int i = 0; i < self.appList.count; i++) {
45 
46         int row = i / totalCol;
47         int col = i % totalCol;
48         
49         CGFloat x = marginX + (viewW + marginX) * col;
50         CGFloat y = startY + marginY + (viewH + marginY) * row;
51         
52         UIView *appView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, viewW, viewH)];
53       
54         [self.view addSubview:appView];
55         
56         // 建立appView內部的細節
57         // 0> 讀取數組中的字典
58         NSDictionary *dict = self.appList[i];
59         
60         // 1> UIImageView
61         UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, viewW, 50)];
62         imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:dict[@"icon"]];
63         imageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit;
64         [appView addSubview:imageView];
65         
66         // 2> UILabel
67         UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, imageView.bounds.size.height, viewW, 20)];
68         // 設置文字
69         label.text = dict[@"name"];
70         label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0];
71         label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
72         
73         [appView addSubview:label];
74         
75         // 3> UIButton
76         // UIButtonTypeCustom和[[UIButton alloc] init]是等價的
77         UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
78         button.frame = CGRectMake(15, 70, viewW - 30, 20);
79         
80         [button setTitle:@"下載" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
81         // *** 不能使用以下代碼直接設置title
82 //        button.titleLabel.text = @"下載";
83         // @property中readonly表示不容許修改對象的指針地址,可是能夠修改對象的屬性
84         button.titleLabel.font= [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0];
85         
86         [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
87         [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
88         
89         [appView addSubview:button];
90     }
91 }
92 
93 @end

3.實現效果優化

4.代碼問題動畫

在上述代碼的第62,69行,咱們是直接經過字典的鍵名獲取plist中的數據信息,在viewController中須要直接和數據打交道,若是須要屢次使用可能會由於不當心把鍵名寫錯,而程序並不報錯。鑑於此,能夠考慮把字典數據轉換成一個模型,把數據封裝到一個模型中去,讓viewController再也不直接和數據打交道,而是和模型交互。編碼

通常狀況下,設置數據和取出數據都使用字符串類型的key」,編寫這些key時,編輯器沒有智能提示,須要手敲。如:atom

dict[@"name"] = @"Jack";spa

NSString *name = dict[@"name"];指針

手敲字符串keykey容易寫錯

Key若是寫錯了,編譯器不會有任何警告和報錯,形成設錯數據或者取錯數據

2、字典轉模型

1.字典轉模型介紹

示意圖:

 

字典轉模型的好處:

(1)下降代碼的耦合度

(2)全部字典轉模型部分的代碼統一集中在一到處理,下降代碼出錯的概率

(3)在程序中直接使用模型的屬性操做,提升編碼效率 

(4)調用方不用關心模型內部的任何處理細節

字典轉模型的注意點:

模型應該提供一個能夠傳入字典參數的構造方法

- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;

+ (instancetype)xxxWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;

提示:在模型中合理地使用只讀屬性,能夠進一步下降代碼的耦合度。

 

 2.代碼示例(一)

新建一個類,用來做爲數據模型

viewController.m文件代碼(字典轉模型)

  1 #import "LFViewController.h"
  2 #import "LFAppInfo.h"
  3 
  4 @interface LFViewController ()
  5 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *appList;
  6 @end
  7 
  8 @implementation LFViewController
  9 
 10 // 字典轉模型
 11 - (NSArray *)appList
 12 {
 13     if (!_appList) {
 14         // 1. 從mainBundle加載
 15         NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
 16         NSString *path = [bundle pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil];
 17 //        _appList = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
 18         
 19         NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
 20         // 將數組轉換成模型,意味着self.appList中存儲的是LFAppInfo對象
 21         // 1. 遍歷數組,將數組中的字典依次轉換成AppInfo對象,添加到一個臨時數組
 22         // 2. self.appList = 臨時數組
 23 
 24         NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array];
 25         for (NSDictionary *dict in array) {
 26            //用字典來實例化對象的工廠方法
 27             [arrayM addObject:[LFAppInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]];
 28         }
 29         
 30         _appList = arrayM;
 31     }
 32     return _appList;
 33 }
 34 
 35 - (void)viewDidLoad
 36 {
 37     [super viewDidLoad];
 38     
 39     // 總共有3列
 40     int totalCol = 3;
 41     CGFloat viewW = 80;
 42     CGFloat viewH = 90;
 43     
 44     CGFloat marginX = (self.view.bounds.size.width - totalCol * viewW) / (totalCol + 1);
 45     CGFloat marginY = 10;
 46     CGFloat startY = 20;
 47     
 48     for (int i = 0; i < self.appList.count; i++) {
 49 
 50         int row = i / totalCol;
 51         int col = i % totalCol;
 52         
 53         CGFloat x = marginX + (viewW + marginX) * col;
 54         CGFloat y = startY + marginY + (viewH + marginY) * row;
 55         
 56         UIView *appView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, viewW, viewH)];
 57         
 58         [self.view addSubview:appView];
 59         
 60         // 建立appView內部的細節
 61         // 0> 讀取數組中的AppInfo
 62 //        NSDictionary *dict = self.appList[i];
 63         LFAppInfo *appInfo = self.appList[i];
 64         
 65         // 1> UIImageView
 66         UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, viewW, 50)];
 67         imageView.image = appInfo.image;
 68         imageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit;
 69         
 70         [appView addSubview:imageView];
 71         
 72         // 2> UILabel
 73         UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, imageView.bounds.size.height, viewW, 20)];
 74         // 設置文字
 75         label.text = appInfo.name;
 76         label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0];
 77         label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
 78         
 79         [appView addSubview:label];
 80         
 81         // 3> UIButton
 82         // UIButtonTypeCustom和[[UIButton alloc] init]是等價的
 83         UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
 84         button.frame = CGRectMake(15, 70, viewW - 30, 20);
 85         
 86         [button setTitle:@"下載" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
 87         button.titleLabel.font= [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0];
 88         
 89         [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
 90         [button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"buttongreen_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
 91         
 92         [appView addSubview:button];
 93         button.tag = i;
 94         
 95         [button addTarget:self action:@selector(downloadClick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
 96     }
 97 }
 98 
 99 - (void)downloadClick:(UIButton *)button
100 {
101     NSLog(@"%d", button.tag);
102     // 實例化一個UILabel顯示在視圖上,提示用戶下載完成
103     UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(80, 400, 160, 40)];
104     label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
105     label.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
106     
107     LFAppInfo *appInfo = self.appList[button.tag];
108     label.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"下載%@完成", appInfo.name];
109     label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:13.0];
110     label.alpha = 1.0;
111     [self.view addSubview:label];
112     
113     // 動畫效果
114     // 動畫效果完成以後,將Label從視圖中刪除
115     // 首尾式動畫,只能作動畫,要處理完成後的操做不方便
116 //    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];
117 //    [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.0];
118 //    label.alpha = 1.0;
119 //    [UIView commitAnimations];
120 
121     // block動畫比首尾式動畫簡單,並且可以控制動畫結束後的操做
122     // 在iOS中,基本都使用首尾式動畫
123     [UIView animateWithDuration:2.0 animations:^{
124         label.alpha = 0.0;
125     } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
126         // 刪除label
127         [label removeFromSuperview];
128     }];
129 }
130 
131 @end

模型.h文件代碼

 1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 2 
 3 @interface LFAppInfo : NSObject
 4 
 5 // 應用程序名稱
 6 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
 7 // 應用程序圖標名稱
 8 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;
 9 
10 // 圖像
11 // 定義屬性時,會生成getter&setter方法,還會生成一個帶下劃線的成員變量
12 // 若是是readonly屬性,只會生成getter方法,同時沒有成員變量
13 @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) UIImage *image;
14 
15 // instancetype會讓編譯器檢查實例化對象的準確類型
16 // instancetype只能用於返回類型,不能當作參數使用
17 
18 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
19 /** 工廠方法 */
20 + (instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
21 
22 @end

模型.m文件數據處理代碼

 1 #import "LFAppInfo.h"
 2 
 3 @interface LFAppInfo()
 4 {
 5     UIImage *_imageABC;
 6 }
 7 @end
 8 
 9 @implementation LFAppInfo
10 
11 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
12 {
13     self = [super init];
14     if (self) {
15         self.name = dict[@"name"];
16         self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
17     }
18     return self;
19 }
20 
21 + (instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
22 {
23     return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
24 }
25 
26 - (UIImage *)image
27 {
28     if (!_imageABC) {
29         _imageABC = [UIImage imageNamed:self.icon];
30     }
31     return _imageABC;
32 }
33 
34 @end

3.代碼示例(二)

數據信息:plist文件

字典轉模型(初步)

模型.h文件

 1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 2 
 3 @interface LFQuestion : NSObject
 4 
 5 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *answer;
 6 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title;
 7 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;
 8 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *options;
 9 
10 @property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image;
11 
12 /** 用字典實例化對象的成員方法 */
13 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
14 /** 用字典實例化對象的類方法,又稱工廠方法 */
15 + (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
16 @end

模型.m文件

 1 #import "LFQuestion.h"
 2 
 3 @implementation LFQuestion
 4 
 5 + (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
 6 {
 7     return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
 8 }
 9 
10 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
11 {
12     self = [super init];
13     if (self) {
14         self.answer = dict[@"answer"];
15         self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
16         self.title = dict[@"title"];
17         self.options = dict[@"options"];
18 
19         [self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
20     }
21     return self;
22 }

viewController.m文件中的數據處理

 1 - (NSArray *)questions
 2 {
 3     if (!_questions) {
 4     
 5         NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"questions.plist" ofType:nil]];
 6         
 7         NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array];
 8         
 9         for (NSDictionary *dict in array) {
10             [arrayM addObject:[LFQuestion questionWithDict:dict]];
11         }
12         _questions=arrayM;
13     }
14     return _questions;
15 }

字典轉模型(優化)

上面代碼能夠作進一步的優化,從plist文件中讀取數據是能夠交給模型去處理的,優化後代碼以下:

模型.h文件

 1 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 2 
 3 @interface LFQuestion : NSObject
 4 
 5 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *answer;
 6 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title;
 7 @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;
 8 @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *options;
 9 
10 @property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image;
11 
12 /** 用字典實例化對象的成員方法 */
13 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
14 /** 用字典實例化對象的類方法,又稱工廠方法 */
15 + (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
16 
17 /** 從plist加載對象數組 */
18 + (NSArray *)questions;
19 
20 @end

模型.m文件

 1 #import "LFQuestion.h"
 2 
 3 @implementation LFQuestion
 4 
 5 + (instancetype)questionWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
 6 {
 7     return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
 8 }
 9 
10 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
11 {
12     self = [super init];
13     if (self) {
14         self.answer = dict[@"answer"];
15         self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
16         self.title = dict[@"title"];
17         self.options = dict[@"options"];
18         
19         [self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
20     }
21     return self;
22 }
23 
24 
25 + (NSArray *)questions
26 {
27     NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"questions.plist" ofType:nil]];
28     
29     NSMutableArray *arrayM = [NSMutableArray array];
30     
31     for (NSDictionary *dict in array) {
32         [arrayM addObject:[LFQuestion questionWithDict:dict]];
33     }
34     
35     return arrayM;
36 }
37 @end

viewController.m文件中的數據處理代碼部分

1 - (NSArray *)questions
2 {
3     if (!_questions) {
4         _questions = [LFQuestion questions];
5     }
6     return _questions;
7 }

補充內容:(KVC)的使用

(1)在模型內部的數據處理部分,可使用鍵值編碼來進行處理

 1 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
 2 {
 3     self = [super init];
 4     if (self) {
 5 //        self.answer = dict[@"answer"];
 6 //        self.icon = dict[@"icon"];
 7 //        self.title = dict[@"title"];
 8 //        self.options = dict[@"options"];
 9         
10         // KVC (key value coding)鍵值編碼
11         // cocoa 的大招,容許間接修改對象的屬性值
12         // 第一個參數是字典的數值
13         // 第二個參數是類的屬性
14         [self setValue:dict[@"answer"] forKeyPath:@"answer"];
15         [self setValue:dict[@"icon"] forKeyPath:@"icon"];
16         [self setValue:dict[@"title"] forKeyPath:@"title"];
17         [self setValue:dict[@"options"] forKeyPath:@"options"];
18     }
19     return self;
20 }

(2)setValuesForKeys的使用

上述數據操做細節,能夠直接經過setValuesForKeys方法來完成。

1 - (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
2 {
3     self = [super init];
4     if (self) {
5         // 使用setValuesForKeys要求類的屬性必須在字典中存在,能夠比字典中的鍵值多,可是不能少。
6         [self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
7     }
8     return self;
9 }

3、補充說明

1.readonly屬性

 (1)@property中readonly表示不容許修改對象的指針地址,可是能夠修改對象的屬性。

 (2)一般使用@property關鍵字定義屬性時,會生成getter&setter方法,還會生成一個帶下劃線的成員變量。

 (3)若是是readonly屬性,只會生成getter方法,不會生成帶下劃線的成員變量.

2.instancetype類型

(1)instancetype會讓編譯器檢查實例化對象的準確類型
(2)instancetype只能用於返回類型,不能當作參數使用

3.instancetype & id的比較

(1) instancetype在類型表示上,跟id同樣,能夠表示任何對象類型

(2) instancetype只能用在返回值類型上,不能像id同樣用在參數類型上

(3) instancetype比id多一個好處:編譯器會檢測instancetype的真實類型

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