Python安裝MySQL數據庫模塊 python操做MySQL數據庫

時間 2019-12-11

標籤 python 安裝 mysql 數據庫模塊數據庫欄目 Python 简体版

原文原文鏈接

背景

折騰：html

【記錄】使用Python操做MySQL數據庫python

的過程當中，須要去安裝MySQLdb。mysql

下載MySQLdb

去官網：web

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python/sql

看到有1.2.4和1.2.3shell

下載對應的編譯好的版本：app

MySQL-python-1.2.4.win32-py2.7.exewordpress

獲得1MB的

MySQL-python-1.2.4.win32-py2.7.exe

安裝MySQLdb

雙擊安裝：

結果出錯：

看來此x86的exe，是不支持個人win7 x64。

因此只能去下載源碼再去安裝了。

下載源碼：

MySQL-python-1.2.4.zip

而後再去解壓和安裝，結果果真出現

error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

的錯誤：

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>setup.py install
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz
Extracting in c:\users\cli\appdata\local\temp\tmpkapo0l
Now working in c:\users\cli\appdata\local\temp\tmpkapo0l\distribute-0.6.28
Building a Distribute egg in D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4
D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4\distribute-0.6.28-py2.7.egg
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
reading manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’
reading manifest template ‘MANIFEST.in’
writing manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg
running install_lib
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7
copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7
creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb\converters.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb\connections.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb\cursors.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb\release.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb\times.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants
copying MySQLdb\constants\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants
copying MySQLdb\constants\CR.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants
copying MySQLdb\constants\FIELD_TYPE.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants
copying MySQLdb\constants\ER.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants
copying MySQLdb\constants\FLAG.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants
copying MySQLdb\constants\REFRESH.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants
copying MySQLdb\constants\CLIENT.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb\constants
running build_ext
building ‘_mysql’ extension
error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>

而後參考以前的辦法，結果仍是出錯：

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>SET VS90COMNTOOLS=%VS100COMNTOOLS%

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>setup.py install
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
reading manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’
reading manifest template ‘MANIFEST.in’
writing manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg
running install_lib
running build_py
copying MySQLdb\release.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
running build_ext
building ‘_mysql’ extension
creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7
creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN\amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -Dversion_info=(1,2,4,’final’,1) -D__version__=1.2.4 "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL
Connector C 6.0.2\include" -ID:\tmp\dev_install_root\Python27_x64\include -ID:\tmp\dev_install_root\Python27_x64\PC /Tc_mysql.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\_mysql.obj /Zl
_mysql.c
_mysql.c(42) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘config-win.h’: No such file or directory
error: command ‘"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN\amd64\cl.exe"’ failed with exit status 2

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>

而後再參考：

Windows下安裝MySQLdb遇到的問題及解決方法

所說的：

1）問題 ： _mysql.c(34) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘config-win.h’: No such file or directory
error: command ‘」C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC/BIN/cl.exe」‘ failed with exit status 2

緣由：緣由是安裝MySQL的時候沒有安裝C語言庫。

解決：從新運行MySQL的安裝程序，選擇Modify，把「C Include Files / Lib Files」勾選上，並安裝。

去從新安裝mysql。

繼續：

【記錄】爲Python安裝MySQL數據庫模塊：MySQLdb

的折騰：

1.參考：

MySQL-python 1.2.3 for Windows and Python 2.7, 32bit and 64bit versions

得知：

python的

此處的要安裝x64仍是x86，是取決於你所安裝的Python的版本，而不是OS的版本。

因此此處去x64 win7中的cmd中確認一下python的版本：

C:\Users\CLi>python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:24:47) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

的確是x64的，因此的確要安裝的是x64。

2.下載對應的：

MySQL-python-1.2.3.win-amd64-py2.7.exe (1.0 MiB)

結果連接失效：「File does not exist.」

3.從：

http://www.codegood.com/downloads

找到一堆的下載，可是結果都失效了。

4.參考：

Python: How to install mysqldb on windows 7 x64?

結果最後找到的下載地址也是上面的那個失效的地址。

5.仍是參考：

Install MySQLdb for Python 2.6 in Windows 7 64-bit

和

python MySQLdb在windows環境下的快速安裝、問題解決方式

去本身編譯吧。

6.而後仍是一樣錯誤：

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>SET VS90COMNTOOLS=%VS100COMNTOOLS%

D:\tmp\dev_tools\python\mysql\MySQL-python-1.2.4\MySQL-python-1.2.4>setup.py install
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing MySQL_python.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
reading manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’
reading manifest template ‘MANIFEST.in’
writing manifest file ‘MySQL_python.egg-info\SOURCES.txt’
installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg
running install_lib
running build_py
copying MySQLdb\release.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7\MySQLdb
running build_ext
building ‘_mysql’ extension
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN\amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -Dversion_info=(1,2,4,’final’,1) -D__version__=1.2.4 "-IC:\Program File
s (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Connector C 6.0.2\include" -ID:\tmp\dev_install_root\Python27_x64\include -ID:\tmp\dev_install_root\Python27_x64\PC /Tc_mysql.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Rele
ase\_mysql.obj /Zl
_mysql.c
_mysql.c(42) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘config-win.h’: No such file or directory
error: command ‘"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN\amd64\cl.exe"’ failed with exit status 2

而後參考：

Install Python-MySql on Windows 7 64-bit

看到了site.cfg內容是：

 
        [options] 
       
        # embedded: link against the embedded server library 
       
        # threadsafe: use the threadsafe client 
       
        # static: link against a static library (probably required for embedded) 
       
        embedded = False 
       
        threadsafe = True 
       
        static = False 
       
        # The path to mysql_config. 
       
        # Only use this if mysql_config is not on your PATH, or you have some weird 
       
        # setup that requires it. 
       
        #mysql_config = /usr/local/bin/mysql_config 
       
        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1972259/mysql-python-install-problem-using-virtualenv-windows-pip 
       
        # Windows connector libs for MySQL. You need a 32-bit connector for your 32-bit Python build. 
       
        connector = C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Connector C 6.0.2

而後注意到了，上面的編譯過程當中的include的路徑，就是此處的connector的值。

7.又在這裏：

Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages

找到了一個已編譯的版本的下載地址：

MySQL-python-1.2.3.win-amd64-py2.7.exe [1.1 Mb] [Python 2.7] [64 bit] [JUN 08, 2011]

而後去安裝：

而後就能夠寫代碼去測試是否工做了。

在Python中使用MySQLdb操做MySQL數據庫

參考：

python操做MySQL數據庫

而後用：

 
        #!/usr/bin/python 
       
        # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
       
        """ 
       
        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
       
        Function: 
       
        【記錄】爲Python安裝MySQL數據庫模塊：MySQLdb 
       
        http://www.crifan.com/python_install_module_mysql_mysqldb/ 
       
        Autor:  Crifan Li 
       
        Date:   2013-04-22 
       
        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
       
        """ 
       
        #---------------------------------import--------------------------------------- 
       
        import 
        MySQLdb 
       
        def 
        python_mysql_test(): 
       
        """ 
       
        try to use mysql in python 
       
        """ 
       
        try 
        : 
       
        conn 
        = 
        MySQLdb.connect(host 
        = 
        'localhost' 
        ,user 
        = 
        'root' 
        ,passwd 
        = 
        'xxx' 
        ,db 
        = 
        'wordpress' 
        ,port 
        = 
        3306 
        ) 
       
        print 
        "conn=" 
        ,conn; 
       
        cur 
        = 
        conn.cursor() 
       
        print 
        "cur=" 
        ,cur; 
       
        cur.execute( 
        'select * from wp_users' 
        ) 
       
        cur.close() 
       
        conn.close() 
       
        except 
        MySQLdb.Error,e: 
       
        print 
        "Mysql Error %d: %s" 
        % 
        (e.args[ 
        0 
        ], e.args[ 
        1 
        ]) 
       
        ############################################################################### 
       
        if 
        __name__ 
        = 
        = 
        "__main__" 
        : 
       
        python_mysql_test();

能夠顯示鏈接成功了：

D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\python_mysql_test>python_mysql_test.py

conn= <_mysql.connection open to ‘localhost’ at 2a46ad8>

cur= <MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object at 0x0000000002A54C50>

對應的wordpress的數據庫是：

9.再去折騰新建數據項試試：

 
        #!/usr/bin/python 
       
        # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
       
        """ 
       
        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
       
        Function: 
       
        【記錄】爲Python安裝MySQL數據庫模塊：MySQLdb 
       
        http://www.crifan.com/python_install_module_mysql_mysqldb/ 
       
        Autor:  Crifan Li 
       
        Date:   2013-04-22 
       
        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
       
        """ 
       
        #---------------------------------import--------------------------------------- 
       
        import 
        MySQLdb 
       
        def 
        python_mysql_test(): 
       
        """ 
       
        try to use mysql in python 
       
        """ 
       
        try 
        : 
       
        conn 
        = 
        MySQLdb.connect(host 
        = 
        'localhost' 
        ,user 
        = 
        'root' 
        ,passwd 
        = 
        'xxx' 
        ,db 
        = 
        'test' 
        ,port 
        = 
        3306 
        , charset 
        = 
        'utf8' 
        ) 
       
        print 
        "conn=" 
        ,conn; 
       
        cur 
        = 
        conn.cursor() 
       
        print 
        "cur=" 
        ,cur; 
       
        createdDb  
        = 
        cur.execute( 
        'create database if not exists pythonMysql' 
        ) 
       
        print 
        "createdDb=" 
        ,createdDb; 
       
        selectedDb  
        = 
        conn.select_db( 
        'pythonMysql' 
        ) 
       
        print 
        "selectedDb=" 
        ,selectedDb; 
       
        createdTable  
        = 
        cur.execute( 
        'create table test(id int,info varchar(20))' 
        ) 
       
        print 
        "createdTable=" 
        ,createdTable; 
       
        value 
        = 
        [ 
        1 
        , 
        'hi rollen' 
        ] 
       
        insertedValue  
        = 
        cur.execute( 
        'insert into test values(%s,%s)' 
        ,value) 
       
        print 
        "insertedValue=" 
        ,insertedValue; 
       
        values 
        = 
        [] 
       
        for 
        i  
        in 
        range 
        ( 
        20 
        ): 
       
        values.append((i, 
        'hi rollen' 
        + 
        str 
        (i))) 
       
        insertedValues  
        = 
        cur.executemany( 
        'insert into test values(%s,%s)' 
        ,values) 
       
        print 
        "insertedValues=" 
        ,insertedValues; 
       
        updatedInfo  
        = 
        cur.execute( 
        'update test set info="I am rollen" where id=3' 
        ) 
       
        print 
        "updatedInfo=" 
        ,updatedInfo; 
       
        committed  
        = 
        conn.commit() 
       
        print 
        "committed=" 
        ,committed; 
       
        closedCur  
        = 
        cur.close() 
       
        print 
        "closedCur=" 
        ,closedCur; 
       
        closedConn  
        = 
        conn.close() 
       
        print 
        "closedConn=" 
        ,closedConn; 
       
        except 
        MySQLdb.Error,e: 
       
        print 
        "Mysql Error %d: %s" 
        % 
        (e.args[ 
        0 
        ], e.args[ 
        1 
        ]) 
       
        ############################################################################### 
       
        if 
        __name__ 
        = 
        = 
        "__main__" 
        : 
       
        python_mysql_test();

結果以下：

D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\python_mysql_test>python_mysql_test.py

conn= <_mysql.connection open to ‘localhost’ at 2a46ad8>

cur= <MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object at 0x0000000002A54C50>

D:\tmp\tmp_dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\python_mysql_test>python_mysql_test.py

conn= <_mysql.connection open to ‘localhost’ at 2be06a8>

cur= <MySQLdb.cursors.Cursor object at 0x00000000028B7BE0>

createdDb= 1

selectedDb= None

createdTable= 0

insertedValue= 1

insertedValues= 20

updatedInfo= 1

committed= None

closedCur= None

closedConn= None

數據庫中去看看結果：

都是能夠正常工做的。

至此，簡單的操做，到此結束。

之後就是針對要操做的數據，如何導入數據庫，如何操做數據庫了。

數據庫操做：

python操做MySQL數據庫

堅持天天學一點，天天積累一點點，做爲本身天天的業餘收穫，這個文章是我在吃飯的期間寫的，利用本身零散的時間學了一下python操做MYSQL，因此整理一下。

我採用的是MySQLdb操做的MYSQL數據庫。先來一個簡單的例子吧：

 
           import  
           MySQLdb 
          
           try 
           : 
          
           conn 
           = 
           MySQLdb.connect(host 
           = 
           'localhost' 
           ,user 
           = 
           'root' 
           ,passwd 
           = 
           'root' 
           ,db 
           = 
           'test' 
           ,port 
           = 
           3306 
           ) 
          
           cur 
           = 
           conn.cursor() 
          
           cur.execute( 
           'select * from user' 
           ) 
          
           cur.close() 
          
           conn.close() 
          
           except  
           MySQLdb.Error,e: 
          
           print  
           "Mysql Error %d: %s"  
           %  
           (e.args[ 
           0 
           ], e.args[ 
           1 
           ])

　　請注意修改你的數據庫，主機名，用戶名，密碼。

下面來大體演示一下插入數據，批量插入數據，更新數據的例子吧：

 
           import  
           MySQLdb 
          
           try 
           : 
          
           conn 
           = 
           MySQLdb.connect(host 
           = 
           'localhost' 
           ,user 
           = 
           'root' 
           ,passwd 
           = 
           'root' 
           ,port 
           = 
           3306 
           ) 
          
           cur 
           = 
           conn.cursor() 
          
           cur.execute( 
           'create database if not exists python' 
           ) 
          
           conn.select_db( 
           'python' 
           ) 
          
           cur.execute( 
           'create table test(id int,info varchar(20))' 
           ) 
          
           value 
           = 
           [ 
           1 
           , 
           'hi rollen' 
           ] 
          
           cur.execute( 
           'insert into test values(%s,%s)' 
           ,value) 
          
           values 
           = 
           [] 
          
           for  
           i  
           in  
           range 
           ( 
           20 
           ): 
          
           values.append((i, 
           'hi rollen' 
           + 
           str 
           (i))) 
          
           cur.executemany( 
           'insert into test values(%s,%s)' 
           ,values) 
          
           cur.execute( 
           'update test set info="I am rollen" where id=3' 
           ) 
          
           conn.commit() 
          
           cur.close() 
          
           conn.close() 
          
           except  
           MySQLdb.Error,e: 
          
           print  
           "Mysql Error %d: %s"  
           %  
           (e.args[ 
           0 
           ], e.args[ 
           1 
           ])

　　請注意必定要有conn.commit()這句來提交事務，要否則不能真正的插入數據。

運行以後個人MySQL數據庫的結果就不上圖了。

 
           import  
           MySQLdb 
          
           try 
           : 
          
           conn 
           = 
           MySQLdb.connect(host 
           = 
           'localhost' 
           ,user 
           = 
           'root' 
           ,passwd 
           = 
           'root' 
           ,port 
           = 
           3306 
           ) 
          
           cur 
           = 
           conn.cursor() 
          
           conn.select_db( 
           'python' 
           ) 
          
           count 
           = 
           cur.execute( 
           'select * from test' 
           ) 
          
           print  
           'there has %s rows record'  
           %  
           count 
          
           result 
           = 
           cur.fetchone() 
          
           print  
           result 
          
           print  
           'ID: %s info %s'  
           %  
           result 
          
           results 
           = 
           cur.fetchmany( 
           5 
           ) 
          
           for  
           r  
           in  
           results: 
          
           print  
           r 
          
           print  
           '==' 
           * 
           10 
          
           cur.scroll( 
           0 
           ,mode 
           = 
           'absolute' 
           ) 
          
           results 
           = 
           cur.fetchall() 
          
           for  
           r  
           in  
           results: 
          
           print  
           r[ 
           1 
           ] 
          
           conn.commit() 
          
           cur.close() 
          
           conn.close() 
          
           except  
           MySQLdb.Error,e: 
          
           print  
           "Mysql Error %d: %s"  
           %  
           (e.args[ 
           0 
           ], e.args[ 
           1 
           ])

　　運行結果就不貼了，太長了。

查詢後中文會正確顯示，但在數據庫中倒是亂碼的。通過我從網上查找，發現用一個屬性有可搞定：

在Python代碼

conn = MySQLdb.Connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='python') 中加一個屬性：
改成：
conn = MySQLdb.Connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='python',charset='utf8')
charset是要跟你數據庫的編碼同樣，若是是數據庫是gb2312 ,則寫charset='gb2312'。

下面貼一下經常使用的函數：

而後,這個鏈接對象也提供了對事務操做的支持,標準的方法
commit() 提交
rollback() 回滾

cursor用來執行命令的方法:callproc(self, procname, args):用來執行存儲過程,接收的參數爲存儲過程名和參數列表,返回值爲受影響的行數execute(self, query, args):執行單條sql語句,接收的參數爲sql語句自己和使用的參數列表,返回值爲受影響的行數executemany(self, query, args):執行單挑sql語句,可是重複執行參數列表裏的參數,返回值爲受影響的行數nextset(self):移動到下一個結果集cursor用來接收返回值的方法:fetchall(self):接收所有的返回結果行.fetchmany(self, size=None):接收size條返回結果行.若是size的值大於返回的結果行的數量,則會返回cursor.arraysize條數據.fetchone(self):返回一條結果行.scroll(self, value, mode='relative'):移動指針到某一行.若是mode='relative',則表示從當前所在行移動value條,若是 mode='absolute',則表示從結果集的第一行移動value條.