Linux中安裝Python3_精

安裝軟件的方式

rpm方法:

安裝:

​ rpm -ivh 軟件名

卸載:

​ rpm -e 軟件名

yum安裝方法:

爲加速安裝速度,設置鏡像源爲阿里開源鏡像(https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror)

設置方式:

一、備份

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

二、下載新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/

CentOS 5

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

三、以後運行yum makecache生成緩存

生成緩存

yum makecache

安裝:

yum install 軟件名 [-y]

卸載

yum remove 軟件名

PYthon3安裝

1. 安裝開發工具包

   # 安裝開發工具
   yum groupinstall "development tools" 
   # 裝一些依賴包
   yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel

2. 下載python3壓縮包

   # https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-363/ 有下載地址
   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
   # 或者在windnows下下載好，拉到linux中

3. 解壓

   #
   tar -xvf Python-3.6.3.tgz
   # 進入到目錄
   cd Python-3.6.3

4. 源碼安裝 三步走

   # 配置
   ./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/python
   # 編譯
   make
   #安裝
   make install
   # 能夠合成一步 make && make install

5. 如何執行python3

   # 第一種方式 建立軟鏈接
   ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
   ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
   
   # 設置成 /usr/local/python/bin 設置成環境變量
   #經過修改profile文件:
   vim /etc/profile
   export PATH="/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH"	#(注意:等號兩邊都不能有任何的空格)
   保存，退出，而後運行：
   source /etc/profile
   #便可生效

virtualenv 使用

1. 安裝

   pip3 install virtualenv

2. 建立

   virtualenv –p /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 shop

3. 激活 讓虛擬環境生效

   source /root/shop/bin/activate

4. 退出

   deactivate

安裝ipython

pip3 install ipython

Python簡化安裝

1. 安裝gcc( C編譯 )

   yum install gcc
   # 裝依賴包
   yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel

2. 下載python安裝包 ( Python官網:https://www.python.org/ftp/ )

   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tgz

3. 解壓安裝包

   cat -zxvf Python-3.7.1.tgz [路徑]

4. 源碼安裝三步

   # 配置
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
   # 編譯
   make
   #安裝
   make install
   # 能夠合成一步 make && make install ( 有時會出錯 )

5. 設置環境變量

   export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/python/bin/python3.6"

   或者

   export PATH="/usr/local/python/bin/python3.6:$PATH"

6. 安裝虛擬環境

   pip3 install virtualenv 
   # 將virtualenv 添加軟鏈接
   ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/virtualenv usr/bin
   # 建立虛擬環境
   virtualenv -p /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 code
   # 激活虛擬環境
   source /root/code/bin/activate
   # 退出虛擬環境
   deactivate

   擴展命令

   切換用戶

   su 用戶名
   # 回到root
   su
   # 輸入密碼