解決Python虛擬環境virtualenv下不能使用sudo提高權限問題

　解決Python虛擬環境下不能使用sudo提高權限問題

問題描述

在虛擬環境下，執行某些命令須要有sudo提高權限，會致使該條命令退出虛擬環境:

如啓動django 服務，須要監聽80端口:

$: python manage.py runserver 80
Performing system checks...
 
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
March 15, 2018 - 07:43:40
Django version 2.0.3, using settings 'helloworld.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:80/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
Error: You don't have permission to access that port.

此時會提示權限不足，沒法訪問80端口。

因此經過sudo提高命令權限:

$: ~/python3env/helloworld$ sudo python manage.py runserver 80
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 11, in <module>
    "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
ImportError: Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you forget to activate a virtual environment?

此時會提示沒有找到Django模塊，但是通過以下驗證，Django模塊安裝正常:

$: python
Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01) 
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.__version__
'2.0.3'

而使用sudo啓動python，會發現，Django模塊沒法導入:

$: sudo python
Python 2.7.12 (default, Dec  4 2017, 14:50:18) 
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named django

原來，在使用sudo執行命令的時候，該命令會退出當前虛擬環境執行:

$: sudo which python
/usr/bin/python
$: which python
/home/hzc/python3env/venv/bin/python

解決辦法

1. 指定python路徑

   $: sudo ../venv/bin/python manage.py runserver 80
   Performing system checks...
   
   System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
   March 15, 2018 - 07:55:29
   Django version 2.0.3, using settings 'helloworld.settings'
   Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:80/
   Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

2. 在腳本中指定python地址(侷限於執行腳本)

   #!/usr/bin/env python 更改前
   #!/home/hzc/python3env/venv/bin/python 更改後

   執行腳本:

   $: sudo ./manage.py runserver 80
   Performing system checks...
   
   System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
   March 15, 2018 - 08:02:48
   Django version 2.0.3, using settings 'helloworld.settings'
   Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:80/
   Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

   ​