Oracle之靜默安裝

服務器採用的是阿里雲，具體看下面

[root@aliyun_test var]# cat /etc/system-release

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

[root@aliyun_test var]# uname -r

2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64

[root@aliyun_test var]# uname -n

aliyun_test

內存：

因爲阿里雲默認是沒有swap的，因此這個須要本身建立，後面會提到如何建立

靜默安裝前一些必要的操做

#####install java

rpm -ivh jdk-7u75-linux-x64.rpm

echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_75" >> /etc/profile.d/java.sh

echo "export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/java.sh

echo "export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar" >>/etc/profile.d/java.sh

. /etc/profile.d/java.sh

######verify java

java -version

一些必須的包

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 ksh elfutils-libelf \

elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio \

libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 \

libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unzip

而後是一些內核參數調整

########modify /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

/sbin/sysctl -p

而後是軟硬文件打開數

##############modify /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

建立oracle用戶

#########create user oracle

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle

mkdir /u01/app -p

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod 755 /u01/app

建立oracle清單文件

########create oraInventory

echo "inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory" >> /etc/oraInst.loc

echo "inst_group=oinstall" >> /etc/oraInst.loc

chown -R oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc

chmod 755 /etc/oraInst.loc

添加登陸認證

########modify /etc/pam.d/login

#add

session    required     pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile 限制其餘用戶使用

############modify /etc/profile

# add follows to the end

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

      if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

           ulimit -p 16384

           ulimit -n 65536

      else

           ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

      fi

fi

而後切換oracle用戶進行操做

#########for oracle user

su - oracle

cd /home/oracle

file1:wget http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

file2:wget http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

vim .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

export ORACLE_SID=test

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /u01/app

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /u01/app

因爲是使用靜默文件安裝oracle，因此必須建立修改響應文件（具體參數說明請參考官方網站）

cp /u01/app/database/response/db_install.rsp /home/oracle

chmod 700 /home/oracle/*.rsp

####add to rsp

修改如下值

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle11g

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=test

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=test

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=redhat

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

準備工做就緒後，因而進行安裝

#######silent install oracle 

cd /u01/app

./database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp

請根據屏幕上的輸出信息進行相應的措施（因爲是阿里雲主機，swap要求沒有達到）

swap內存作以下操做：

若是交換空間不夠：針對阿里雲主機或者swap爲0的主機

dd if=/dev/zero of=/test bs=1G count=4----》若是這種方法不行，請選擇下面

mkswap -f /test

swapon /test

free -m

設置2G的swap空間

[root@aliyun_test var]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/test bs=1G count=2

dd: memory exhausted

[root@aliyun_test var]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/test bs=1024 count=2097152

2097152+0 records in

2097152+0 records out

2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 38.0205 s, 56.5 MB/s

[root@aliyun_test var]# du -sh /var/test 

2.1G    /var/test

[root@aliyun_test var]# mkswap -f /var/test 

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2097148 KiB

no label, UUID=d3ba4921-7d5e-47ae-810b-44f2369a24c2

[root@aliyun_test var]# swapon  /var/test 

[root@aliyun_test var]# free -m

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:           994        930         63          0         31        809

-/+ buffers/cache:         89        905

Swap:         2047          0       2047

安裝到出現以下叫你使用root用戶執行如下腳本

/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

因而使用另外一會話終端執行

[root@aliyun_test ~]# /u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Check /u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_aliyun_test_2016-09-20_10-20-22.log for the output of root script

而後回到oracle用戶那個終端敲入enter鍵就安裝完成

而後繼續修改oracle家目錄下的環境文件以下

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

下一步就是配置監聽服務，具體操做以下

啓動監聽

###############modify netca.rsp

cp database/response/netca.rsp /home/oracle/

vim /home/oracle/netca.rsp

GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom"    "安裝的類型("typical—典型","minimal—最小" or "custom—自定義")

LISTENER_NUMBER=1         監聽器數量

LISTENER_NAMES={"test"}   監聽器的名稱列表

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"} 監聽器使用的通信協議列表

LISTENER_START=""test""         監聽器啓動的名稱

而後運行：

netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/netca.rsp

[oracle@aliyun_test app]$ netca /silent /home/oracle/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:

    Parameter "silent" = true

    Parameter "responsefile" = /opt/oracle/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.

Oracle Net Services Configuration:

Configuring Listener:test

Listener configuration complete.

Oracle Net Listener Startup:

    Running Listener Control: 

      /u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start test

    Listener Control complete.

    Listener started successfully.

Profile configuration complete.

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

監聽配置完，端口就會開啓，查看一下

[root@aliyun_test ~]# netstat -tunlp|grep 1521

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:1521                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      17760/tnslsnr       

/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr test（這條命令啓動的）

最後建立單實例數據庫

靜默創建新庫

cp database/response/dbca.rsp /home/oracle/

vim /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

而後修改如下：

[GENERAL]

 RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"      //不能更改

 OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

 GDBNAME = "test"               //全局數據庫的名字=SID+主機域名

 SID= "test"                        //對應的實例名字

 TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"    //建庫用的模板文件

 SYSPASSWORD = "redhat"                 //SYS管理員密碼

 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "redhat"              //SYSTEM管理員密碼

 DATAFILEDESTINATION = /u01/app/oradata //數據文件存放目錄

 RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/flash_recovery_area    //恢復數據存放目錄

 CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"   //字符集，重要!!! 建庫後通常不能更改，因此建庫前要肯定清楚。(CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"

NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8")

 TOTALMEMORY = "380"    //oracle內存

而後靜默建庫

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

如此以後數據庫建立完成，使用sqlplus命令操做，進行登陸

登陸的用戶採用的system密碼爲redhat，上述操做都有記錄

至此靜默安裝oracle完成

啓動監聽：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ lsnrctl start test

查看端口1521是否開啓

啓動數據庫：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 26 14:37:17 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  584568832 bytes

Fixed Size                  2215544 bytes

Variable Size             490733960 bytes

Database Buffers           88080384 bytes

Redo Buffers                3538944 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

鏈接數據庫：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

test

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus system/redhat@test

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 26 14:42:34 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 7 days

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 

[oracle@oracle admin]$ echo $SERVICE_NAME

oracle.test

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus system/redhat@192.168.223.138:1521/oracle.test

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 26 14:44:02 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 7 days

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>