Java
是面向對象的編程語言,只要使用它,就須要建立對象。Java建立對象有六種方法,實際經常使用的不會這麼多,這裏權當是記錄一下。java
(1)使用new關鍵字編程
Pumpkin p1 = new Pumpkin();
(2)反射之Class類newInstance()微信
Pumpkin p2 = Pumpkin.class.newInstance();
(3)反射之Constructor類的newInstance()編程語言
Pumpkin p3 = Pumpkin.class.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
(4)Object對象的clone方法ide
Pumpkin p4 = (Pumpkin) p1.clone();
注意Object
類的clone
方法是protected
的,在Override
的時候,能夠改爲public
,這樣讓其它全部類均可以調用。函數
注意淺拷貝和深拷貝。code
(5)反序列化對象
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object.bin")); oos.writeObject(p1); oos.close(); ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object.bin")); Pumpkin p5 = (Pumpkin) ois.readObject(); ois.close();
必需要實現Serializable
接口;接口
須要注意哪些字段可序列化,哪些字段不會被序列化,如何控制;get
注意serialVersionUID
的做用;
瞭解Externalizable
的不一樣之處。
(6)使用Unsafe類
Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe"); f.setAccessible(true); Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) f.get(null); Pumpkin p6 = (Pumpkin) unsafe.allocateInstance(Pumpkin.class);
不多用的方法,通常不用瞭解這個方法。
示例代碼以下:
package com.pkslow.basic; import sun.misc.Unsafe; import java.io.*; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; public class CreateObject { public static class Pumpkin implements Cloneable, Serializable { public Pumpkin(){ System.out.println("Constructor called"); } @Override public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super.clone(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, CloneNotSupportedException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException { System.out.println("---start---"); System.out.println("(1) new"); Pumpkin p1 = new Pumpkin(); System.out.println("(2) Class newInstance"); Pumpkin p2 = Pumpkin.class.newInstance(); System.out.println("(3) Constructor newInstance"); Pumpkin p3 = Pumpkin.class.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance(); System.out.println("(4) clone"); Pumpkin p4 = (Pumpkin) p1.clone(); System.out.println("(5)Serialization"); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object.bin")); oos.writeObject(p1); oos.close(); ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object.bin")); Pumpkin p5 = (Pumpkin) ois.readObject(); ois.close(); System.out.println("(6) Unsafe"); Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe"); f.setAccessible(true); Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) f.get(null); Pumpkin p6 = (Pumpkin) unsafe.allocateInstance(Pumpkin.class); System.out.println("---end---"); } }
輸出結果以下:
---start--- (1) new Constructor called (2) Class newInstance Constructor called (3) Constructor newInstance Constructor called (4) clone (5)Serialization (6) Unsafe ---end---
因此會執行構造函數的有:new關鍵字、兩種反射;
不會執行構造函數的有:clone、序列化、Unsafe類。
要學會生產對象,也要學會管理對象、回收對象。
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