LNMT架構部署：Linux+Nginx+Mysql+Tomcat（負載均衡，動靜分離）

時間 2019-11-08

標籤 lnmt 架構部署 linux+nginx+mysql+tomcat linux nginx mysql tomcat 負載均衡動靜分離欄目系統架構简体版

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環境描述：虛擬機準備兩臺，一臺做爲nginx服務器+mysql服務器，IP爲：192.168.55.129；另一臺做爲2臺Tomcat服務器，IP爲：192.168.55.130。客戶端發來請求，首先由nginx處理，若是爲靜態內容直接由nginx響應，將結果直接給客戶端；若是爲動態內容，則由nginx反代至後端的Tomcat服務器。css

在IP爲192.168.55.129的服務器上安裝和配置nginx關閉防火牆和selinux
[root@yanyinglai ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@yanyinglai ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@yanyinglai ~]# setenforce 0
[root@yanyinglai ~]#  sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

建立系統用戶nginx
[root@yanyinglai ~]#  useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

安裝依賴環境
[root@yanyinglai ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel

[root@yanyinglai ~]# yum -y groups install 'Development Tools'

建立日誌存放目錄
[root@yanyinglai ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@yanyinglai ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx/

下載nginx
[root@yanyinglai ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yanyinglai src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz

編譯安裝
[root@yanyinglai ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yanyinglai src]# ls
debug  kernels  nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[root@yanyinglai src]# tar xf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[root@yanyinglai src]# cd nginx-1.14.0
[root@yanyinglai nginx-1.14.0]# ls
auto     CHANGES.ru  configure  html     man     src
CHANGES  conf        contrib    LICENSE  README
[root@yanyinglai nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-debug \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_realip_module \
> --with-http_image_filter_module \
> --with-http_gunzip_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log

[root@yxr nginx-1.12.0]# make -j 2 && make install

nginx安裝後配置配置環境變量
[root@yanyinglai nginx-1.14.0]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@yanyinglai nginx-1.14.0]#  . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh

啓動nginx
[root@yanyinglai nginx-1.14.0]# nginx
[root@yanyinglai nginx-1.14.0]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128     *:80                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100       ::1:25                 :::*                  
在IP爲192.168.55.129上安裝mysql
安裝依賴包
[root@yanyinglai ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel

建立用戶和組
[root@yanyinglai ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@yanyinglai ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql

下載二進制格式的mysql軟件包
[root@yanyinglai ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yanyinglai src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解壓軟件至/usr/local
[root@yanyinglai src]#  tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@yanyinglai src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@yanyinglai local]# ls
bin    include  libexec                              sbin
etc    lib      mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share
games  lib64    nginx                                src
[root@yanyinglai local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[root@yanyinglai local]# ll
總用量 0
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 include
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root  36 9月   6 17:30 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x.  9 root root 129 9月   6 17:28 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 151 9月   6 17:08 nginx
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root  49 9月   3 23:02 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 11月  5 2016 src

修改目錄/usr/local/mysql的屬主屬組
[root@yanyinglai local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@yanyinglai local]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 9月   6 17:30 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/

添加環境變量
[root@yanyinglai local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@yanyinglai local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@yanyinglai local]#  echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

創建數據存放目錄
[root@yanyinglai local]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@yanyinglai local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@yanyinglai local]#  ll /opt/
總用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 9月   6 17:34 data

初始化數據庫
[root@yanyinglai local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/

配置mysql
[root@yanyinglai local]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
"/usr/local/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include/"
[root@yanyinglai local]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@yanyinglai local]#  ldconfig -v

生成配置文件
[root@yanyinglai local]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF

配置服務啓動腳本
[root@yanyinglai local]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@yanyinglai local]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@yanyinglai local]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld

啓動mysql
root@yanyinglai local]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/yanyinglai.err'.
... SUCCESS!
[root@yanyinglai local]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root      42077      1  0 17:57 pts/2    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql     42255  42077 15 17:57 pts/2    00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=yanyinglai.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      42291   4672  0 17:57 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

[root@yanyinglai local]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128     *:80                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100       ::1:25                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      80     :::3306               :::*                  

修改密碼，使用臨時密碼登陸
[root@yanyinglai local]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:

mysql> set password = password('yanyinglai123');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
在192.168.55.130這臺虛擬機配置兩臺tomcat項目部署
關閉防火牆和selinux
[root@yanyinglai ~]#
[root@yanyinglai ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@yanyinglai ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@yanyinglai ~]#  setenforce 0
[root@yanyinglai ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

Java環境安裝
//安裝jdk環境
[root@yanyinglai ~]#  yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel

[root@yanyinglai ~]#  java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_131"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b12)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b12, mixed mode)

tomcat部署
//下載tomcat
[root@yanyinglai ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yanyinglai src]#  wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz

//建立tomcat存放目錄
[root@yanyinglai src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@yanyinglai local]# mkdir tomacat{1,2}
[root@yanyinglai local]# ls
bin  games    lib    libexec  sbin   src       tomacat2
etc  include  lib64  nginx    share  tomacat1

//將tomcat解壓存放目錄

[root@yanyinglai local]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yanyinglai src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz  debug  kernels
[root@yanyinglai src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomacat1
[root@yanyinglai src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomacat2

//建立軟鏈接
[root@yanyinglai src]# cd /usr/local/tomacat1
[root@yanyinglai tomacat1]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.8/ tomcat1
[root@yanyinglai tomacat1]# ll
總用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 160 9月   5 21:52 apache-tomcat-9.0.8
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  20 9月   5 21:54 tomcat1 -> apache-tomcat-9.0.8/
[root@yanyinglai tomacat1]# cd /usr/local/tomacat2
[root@yanyinglai tomacat2]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.8/ tomcat2
[root@yanyinglai tomacat2]# ll
總用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 160 9月   5 21:52 apache-tomcat-9.0.8
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  20 9月   5 21:55 tomcat2-> apache-tomcat-9.0.8/
建立測試目錄並建立測試文件
[root@yanyinglai ~]#  mkdir /usr/local/tomacat1/tomcat1/webapps/test
[root@yanyinglai ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomacat2/tomcat2/webapps/test
[root@yanyinglai ~]# cd /usr/local/tomacat1/tomcat1/webapps/test
[root@yanyinglai test]# vi index.jsp
[root@yanyinglai test]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hellow World");
%>
</body>
</html>
[root@yanyinglai test]# cd /usr/local/tomacat2/tomcat2/webapps/test
[root@yanyinglai test]# vi index.jsp
[root@yanyinglai test]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("8888888888");
%>
</body>
</html>

//修改tomcat2的端口，不然端口起衝突。配置文件爲：server.xml
[root@yanyinglai ~]# cd /usr/local/tomacat2/tomcat2/
[root@yanyinglai tomcat2]# ls
bin   lib      logs    RELEASE-NOTES  temp     work
conf  LICENSE  NOTICE  RUNNING.txt    webapps
[root@yanyinglai tomcat2]# cd conf/
[root@yanyinglai conf]# ls
catalina.policy       jaspic-providers.xsd  tomcat-users.xsd
catalina.properties   logging.properties    web.xml
context.xml           server.xml
jaspic-providers.xml  tomcat-users.xml

[root@yanyinglai conf]# vi server.xml
[root@yanyinglai conf]# /usr/local//tomacat1/tomcat1/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomacat1/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomacat1/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomacat1/tomcat1/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomacat1/tomcat1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomacat1/tomcat1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@yanyinglai conf]# /usr/local//tomacat2/tomcat2/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomacat2/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomacat2/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomacat2/tomcat2/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomacat2/tomcat2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomacat2/tomcat2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

//輸入192.168.55.130:8080 訪問
html

//輸入192.168.55.130:8080/test 訪問

//第二臺tomcat
//輸入192.168.55.130:8081訪問

java

//在主機192.168.55.129上搭建nginx使用nginx實現負載均衡,修改配置文件配置nginx實現動靜分離
[root@yanyinglai ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

upstream web {
      server 192.168.55.130:8080;
      server 192.168.55.130:8081;
}

定義好upstream後，須要在server段內添加以下內容
             location ~* \.(do|jsp)$ {
            proxy_pass http://web;
        }
        location ~* tomcat\.(png|css)$ {
            proxy_pass http://web;
        }
        location / {
                 root   html;
                 index index.html index.htm;
        }

修改完配置文件檢查語法錯誤，並重啓服務
[root@yanyinglai ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@yanyinglai ~]# nginx -s reload

靜態資源訪問nginx
//輸入192.168.56.129訪問
mysql

//動態資源訪問tomcat

刷新一下
linux