基於python+appium+yaml安卓UI自動化測試分享

結構介紹

以前分享過一篇安卓UI測試，可是沒有實現數據與代碼分離，後期維護成本較高，因此最近抽空優化了一下。
不想看文章得能夠直接去Github，歡迎拍磚
大體結構以下：

 

結構.png

 

• testyaml管理用例，實現數據與代碼分離，一個模塊一個文件夾

• public 存放公共文件，如讀取配置文件、啓動appium服務、讀取Yaml文件、定義日誌格式等

• page 存放最小測試用例集，一個模塊一個文件夾

• results 存放測試報告及失敗截圖

  
  
   

  

  report.png

• logs 存放日誌

  
  
   

  

  logs.png
  
  
   

  

  logdetail.png

• testcase 存放測試用例
• runtest.py 運行全部測試用例

yaml格式介紹

首先看下yaml文件的格式，以前也寫過一點關於yaml語法學習的文章
testcase部分是重點，其中：

• element_info：定位元素信息

• find_type：屬性，id、xpath、text、ids

• operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 爲back就是返回，暫時就四種

  上面三個必填，operate_type必填!!!!!!

• send_content：send_keys 時用到

• index：ids時用到

• times: 返回次數或者上滑次數

testinfo:
    - id: cm001 title: 新增終端門店 execute: 1 testcase: - element_info: 客戶 find_type: text operate_type: click - element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/cm_topbar_tv_right find_type: id operate_type: click - element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/custview_id_singletv_inputtext find_type: ids operate_type: send_keys send_content: auto0205 index: 0 - element_info: find_type: operate_type: swipe_up times: 1 - element_info: 提交 find_type: text operate_type: click - element_info: find_type: operate_type: back times: 1 

代碼部分

公共部分

我的以爲核心的就是公共部分，至關於建房子，公共部分搞好了，後面僅僅是調用便可，建房子把架子搭好，後面就添磚加瓦吧。

讀取配置文件readconfig.py
設置日誌格式logs.py
獲取設備GetDevices.py
這幾個通用的就不作介紹了

• 讀取yaml文件 GetYaml.py
  主要用來讀取yaml文件

#coding=utf-8 #author='Shichao-Dong' import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8') import yaml import codecs class getyaml: def __init__(self,path): self.path = path def getYaml(self): ''' 讀取yaml文件 :param path: 文件路徑 :return: ''' try: f = open(self.path) data =yaml.load(f) f.close() return data except Exception: print(u"未找到yaml文件") def alldata(self): data =self.getYaml() return data def caselen(self): data = self.alldata() length = len(data['testcase']) return length def get_elementinfo(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data['testcase'][i]['element_info'] return data['testcase'][i]['element_info'] def get_findtype(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data['testcase'][i]['find_type'] return data['testcase'][i]['find_type'] def get_operate_type(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data['testcase'][i]['operate_type'] return data['testcase'][i]['operate_type'] def get_index(self,i): data = self.alldata() if self.get_findtype(i)=='ids': return data['testcase'][i]['index'] else: pass def get_send_content(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data['testcase'][i]['send_content'] if self.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys': return data['testcase'][i]['send_content'] else: pass def get_backtimes(self,i): data = self.alldata() if self.get_operate_type(i)=='back' or self.get_operate_type(i)=='swipe_up': return data['testcase'][i]['times'] else: pass def get_title(self): data = self.alldata() # print data['testinfo'][0]['title'] return data['testinfo'][0]['title'] 

• 啓動appium服務 StartAppiumServer.py
  主要是啓動appium並返回端口port,這個port在下面的driver中須要

#coding=utf-8 #author='Shichao-Dong' from logs import log import random,time import platform import os from GetDevices import devices log = log() dev = devices().get_deviceName() class Sp: def __init__(self, device): self.device = device def __start_driver(self, aport, bpport): """ :return: """ if platform.system() == 'Windows': import subprocess subprocess.Popen("appium -p %s -bp %s -U %s" % (aport, bpport, self.device), shell=True) def start_appium(self): """ 啓動appium p:appium port bp:bootstrap port :return: 返回appium端口參數 """ aport = random.randint(4700, 4900) bpport = random.randint(4700, 4900) self.__start_driver(aport, bpport) log.info( 'start appium :p %s bp %s device:%s' % (aport, bpport, self.device)) time.sleep(10) return aport def main(self): """ :return: 啓動appium """ return self.start_appium() def stop_appium(self): ''' 中止appium :return: ''' if platform.system() == 'Windows': os.popen("taskkill /f /im node.exe") if __name__ == '__main__': s = Sp(dev) s.main() 

• 獲取driver GetDriver.py
  platformName、deviceName、appPackage、appActivity這些卸載配置文件config.ini文件中，能夠直接經過readconfig.py文件讀取得到。
  appium_port有StartAppiumServer.py文件返回

s = Sp(deviceName)
appium_port = s.main()

def mydriver(): desired_caps = { 'platformName':platformName,'deviceName':deviceName, 'platformVersion':platformVersion, 'appPackage':appPackage,'appActivity':appActivity, 'unicodeKeyboard':True,'resetKeyboard':True,'noReset':True } try: driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:%s/wd/hub'%appium_port,desired_caps) time.sleep(4) log.info('獲取driver成功') return driver except WebDriverException: print 'No driver' if __name__ == "__main__": mydriver() 

• 從新封裝find等命令，BaseOperate.py
  裏面主要是一些上滑、返回、find等一些基礎操做

#coding=utf-8 #author='Shichao-Dong' from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from logs import log import os import time ''' 一些基礎操做：滑動、截圖、點擊頁面元素等 ''' class BaseOperate: def __init__(self,driver): self.driver = driver def back(self): ''' 返回鍵 :return: ''' os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4") def get_window_size(self): ''' 獲取屏幕大小 :return: windowsize ''' global windowSize windowSize = self.driver.get_window_size() return windowSize def swipe_up(self): ''' 向上滑動 :return: ''' windowsSize = self.get_window_size() width = windowsSize.get("width") height = windowsSize.get("height") self.driver.swipe(width/2, height*3/4, width/2, height/4, 1000) def screenshot(self): now=time.strftime("%y%m%d-%H-%M-%S") PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p) ) screenshoot_path = PATH('../results/screenshoot/') self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screenshoot_path+now+'.png') def find_id(self,id): ''' 尋找元素 :return: ''' exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id) if exsit : return True else: return False def find_name(self,name): ''' 判斷頁面是否存在某個元素 :param name: text :return: ''' findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name) exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) if exsit : return True else: return False def get_name(self,name): ''' 定位頁面text元素 :param name: :return: ''' # element = driver.find_element_by_name(name) # return element findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name) try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(findname)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(name) def get_id(self,id): ''' 定位頁面resouce-id元素 :param id: :return: ''' try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id(id)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id) def get_xpath(self,xpath): ''' 定位頁面xpath元素 :param id: :return: ''' try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(xpath) def get_ids(self,id): ''' 定位頁面resouce-id元素組 :param id: :return:列表 ''' try: # elements = self.driver.find_elements_by_id(id) elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_elements_by_id(id)) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return elements except: self.screenshot() log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id) def page(self,name): ''' 返回至指定頁面 :return: ''' i=0 while i<10: i=i+1 try: findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name) self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) break except : os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4") try: findname = "//*[@text='肯定']" self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname).click() self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) except: os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4") try: self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@text='工做臺']") self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) break except: os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4") 

• Operate.py
  我認爲最關鍵的一步了，後面沒有page都是調用這個文件進行測試，主要是根據讀取的yaml文件，而後進行if...else...判斷，根據對應的operate_type分別進行對應的click、sendkeys等操做

#coding=utf-8 #author='Shichao-Dong' from GetYaml import getyaml from BaseOperate import BaseOperate class Operate: def __init__(self,path,driver): self.path = path self.driver = driver self.yaml = getyaml(self.path) self.baseoperate=BaseOperate(driver) def check_operate_type(self): ''' 讀取yaml信息並執行 element_info：定位元素信息 find_type：屬性，id、xpath、text、ids operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 爲back就是返回，暫時就三種 上面三個必填，operate_type必填!!!!!! send_content：send_keys 時用到 index：ids時用到 times: :return: ''' for i in range(self.yaml.caselen()): if self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'click': if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text': self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id': self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath': self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids': self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].click() elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys': if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text': self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id': self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath': self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids': self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'back': for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)): self.baseoperate.back() elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'swipe_up': for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)): self.baseoperate.swipe_up() def back_home(self): ''' 返回至工做臺 :return: ''' self.baseoperate.page('工做臺') 

公共部分的代碼就介紹這麼多，在編寫這個框架的時候，大部分精力都花在這部分，因此我的以爲仍是值得好好研究的

Page部分

page部分是最小用例集，一個模塊一個文件夾，以客戶爲例，
目前寫了兩個用例，一個新增，一個排序，文件以下：

 

file.png

代碼以下，很是的簡潔,

import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8') import codecs,os from public.Operate import Operate from public.GetYaml import getyaml PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p) ) yamlpath = PATH("../../testyaml/cm/cm-001addcm.yaml") class AddcmPage: def __init__(self,driver): self.path = yamlpath self.driver = driver self.operate = Operate(self.path,self.driver) def operateap(self): self.operate.check_operate_type() def home(self): self.operate.back_home() 

運行用例

這部分用了unittest,運行全部測試用例和生成報告。
一個模塊一個用例，以客戶爲例：CmTest.py

from page.cm.CmAddcmPage import AddcmPage from page.cm.CmSortcmPage import SortcmPage from public.GetDriver import mydriver driver = mydriver() import unittest,time class Cm(unittest.TestCase): def test_001addcm(self): ''' 新增客戶 :return: ''' add = AddcmPage(driver) add.operateap() add.home() def test_002sortcm(self): ''' 客戶排序 :return: ''' sort = SortcmPage(driver) sort.sortlist() sort.home() def test_999close(self): driver.quit() time.sleep(10) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() 

首先從page層將須要運行的用例都import進來，而後用unittest運行便可。
若是想要運行全部的測試用例，須要用到runtest.py

import time,os import unittest import HTMLTestRunner from testcase.CmTest import Cm def testsuit(): suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTests([unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(Cm), ]) # runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2) # runner.run(suite) now=time.strftime("%y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p) ) dirpath = PATH("./results/waiqin365-") filename=dirpath + now +'result.html' fp=open(filename,'wb') runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='waiqin365 6.0.6beta test result',description=u'result:') runner.run(suite) fp.close() if __name__ =="__main__": testsuit() 

這邊的思路差很少，也是先導入再裝入suite便可

總結

就目前而言，暫時算是實現了數據與用例的分離，可是yaml的編寫要求較高，不能格式上出錯。
同時也有一些其餘能夠優化的地方，如：

• 對彈窗的判斷
• 斷開後重連機制
• 失敗後重跑機制
  等等，後續能夠根據需求進行優化
  最後再貼一下開源地址Github，有興趣的小夥伴能夠去看一下，歡迎拍磚
  備註：完成過程當中參考了Louis-me 和 auto 這兩個開源項目，感謝！！！

做者：邁阿密小白 連接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/00aff8435a92 來源：簡書 著做權歸做者全部。商業轉載請聯繫做者得到受權，非商業轉載請註明出處。