python網絡編程初級

網絡編程的專利權應該屬於Unix，各個平臺（如windows、Linux等）、各門語言（C、C++、Python、Java等）所實現的符合自身特性的語法都大同小異。在我看來，懂得了Unix的socket網絡編程，其餘的形式的網絡編程方法也就知道了。這句話說得還不太嚴謹。準確的應該說成懂得了socket編程的原理，網絡編程也就知道了，不一樣之處就在於每一個平臺，每一個語言都有本身專享的語法，咱們直接靈活套用就好了。

下面是用python實現的最基本的網絡編程的例子，即依託於客戶端-服務器的架構，實現客戶端與服務器之間的單向「數據流通」。咱們分別用兩個方法來實現，一個方法是最原始的socket編程，另外一個方法是利用python的面向對象對第一種方法進行封裝實現，目的是減小實現透明性，便於快速開發。

要求：客戶端輸入數據，發送到服務端，服務器端生成（時間戳+數據）的封裝數據迴應客戶端。因爲socket編程包括兩種：面向鏈接的和無鏈接的，這兩種分別對應TCP數據流和UDP數據報文。因此，咱們兩種方法都進行實現。

 

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1、Python socket編程

面向鏈接的TCP socket編程：

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2
 3 from socket import *
 4 from time import ctime 
 5 
 6 # Address and Port
 7 HOST = ''
 8 PORT = 21567
 9 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
10 
11 # BuffSize
12 BUFSIZ = 1024
13 
14 # build socket
15 tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
16 # bind socket
17 tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
18 # listen 5 client 
19 tcpSerSock.listen(5)
20 
21 try:
22     while True:
23         print 'waiting for connection...'
24         # build client socket
25         tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
26         print '...connect from:', addr
27 
28         # accept data and process
29         while True:
30             data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
31             if not data:
32                 break
33             tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data))
34 
35             # close client socket 
36             tcpCliSock.close()
37 except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:
38     tcpSerSock.close()

 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 2 
 3 from socket import *
 4 
 5 # Address and Port 
 6 HOST = '127.0.0.1'
 7 PORT = 21567
 8 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
 9 
10 # BufferSize
11 BUFSIZ = 1024
12 
13 #build socket 
14 tcpCliSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
15 tcpCliSocket.connect(ADDR)
16 
17 while True:
18     data = raw_input('> ')
19     if not data:
20         break
21     # send data
22     tcpCliSocket.send(data)
23     # recv data
24     data = tcpCliSocket.recv(BUFSIZ)
25     if not data:
26         break
27     # show data
28     print data
29 tcpCliSocket.close()

無鏈接的UDP socket編程

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 
 3 from socket import *
 4 from time import ctime 
 5 
 6 # Address and Port 
 7 HOST = ''
 8 PORT = 8000
 9 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
10 
11 # BufferSize
12 BUFFSIZE = 1024
13 # build socket
14 udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
15 # bind socket
16 udpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
17 
18 try:
19     while True:
20         print 'waiting the message...'
21         data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFFSIZE)
22         print 'received the message: '+data+' from: ', addr
23         udpSerSock.sendto('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data), addr)
24 except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:
25     udpSerSock.close()

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 
 3 from socket import *
 4 
 5 # Address and Port 
 6 HOST = 'localhost'
 7 PORT = 8000
 8 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
 9 
10 # BufferSize
11 BUFSIZ = 1024
12 
13 # build socket 
14 udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
15 
16 while True:
17     data = raw_input('> ')
18     udpCliSock.sendto(data, ADDR)
19     data = udpCliSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZ)
20     if not data:
21         break
22     print data 
23 udpCliSock.close()

2、基於封裝類SocketServer的網絡編程

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 
 3 from SocketServer import TCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRH 
 4 from time import ctime 
 5 
 6 # Address and Port
 7 HOST = ''
 8 PORT = 21567
 9 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
10 
11 # BuffSize
12 BUFSIZ = 1024
13 
14 # build RequestHandler
15 class MyRequestHandler(SRH):
16     def handle(self):
17         print '...connected from: ', self.client_address
18         self.wfile.write('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), self.rfile.readline()))
19 
20 # build TCPServer
21 TCPServ = TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler)
22 print 'waiting for connection...'
23 # loop to process
24 TCPServ.serve_forever()

 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 2 
 3 from socket import *
 4 
 5 # Address and Port 
 6 HOST = '127.0.0.1'
 7 PORT = 21567
 8 ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
 9 
10 # BufferSize
11 BUFSIZ = 1024
12 
13 while True:
14     # note: SocketServer 的請求處理器的默認行爲是接受鏈接，
15     # 獲得請求，而後就關閉鏈接，因此須要屢次鏈接
16     tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
17     tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
18 
19     # process data
20     data = raw_input('> ')
21     if not data:
22         break
23     tcpCliSock.send('%s\r\n' % data)
24 
25     data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
26     if not data:
27         break
28     print data.strip()
29     tcpCliSock.close()