flutter 請求網絡的方式有三種,分別是 Dart 原生的網絡請求 HttpClient、第三方網絡請求 http以及 Flutter 中的 Dio。咱們能夠比較一下這三種網絡請求方式,而後封裝爲咱們方便請求網絡的工具類。git
實現 Dart 獲取網絡數據的請求,通常咱們須要如下幾個步驟:github
import 'dart:convert';
import 'dart:io';
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HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
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HttpClientRequest request = await httpClient.getUrl(uri);
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在這一步中,咱們能夠設置人意的的請求方法,好比 Get 請求、Post 請求、Delete 請求。json
例如:攜帶參數的請求bash
Uri uri=Uri(scheme: "https", host: "flutterchina.club", queryParameters: {
"userName":"chen",
"password":"123456"
});
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例如:設置請求的 header服務器
request.headers.add("user-agent", "test");
request.headers.add("Authorization", "LKSJDLFJSDLKJSLKklsdj");
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HttpClientResponse response = await request.close();
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if (response.statusCode == HttpStatus.ok) {
_content = await response.transform(Utf8Decoder()).join();
}
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httpClient.close();
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以上的步驟是 dart 簡單獲取網絡的方式,咱們從上面能夠看到,經過 HttpClient 發起網絡請求時比較麻煩的,不少都要咱們親手處理,還有 Cookie 的管理也是比較麻煩的。網絡
http: '>=0.11.3+12'
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import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
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Get 請求app
void getRequest() async {
var client = http.Client();
http.Response response = await client.get(url_2);
_content = response.body;
}
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Post 請求框架
void postRequest() async {
var params = Map<String, String>();
params["username"] = "hellonews";
params["password"] = "123456";
var client = http.Client();
var response = await client.post(url_post, body: params);
_content = response.body;
}
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相對比 Dart 原生的網絡請求,第三方庫 http 的網絡請求方式是要方便好多,寫起來也是挺爽的。async
Dio 一個強大的 Dart Http 請求庫,支持 Restful API、FormData、攔截器、請求取消、Cookie管理、文件上傳/下載、超時等...工具
dependencies:
dio: ^1.0.9
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import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
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Get 請求
void getRequest() async {
Dio dio = new Dio();
var response = await dio.get("/test?id=12&name=chen");
_content = response.data.toString();
}
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對於 query 參數,咱們能夠經過對象來進行傳遞,上面的代碼等同於:
void getRequest() async {
Dio dio = new Dio();
var response = await dio.get("/test",data:{"id":12,"name":"chen"});
_content = response.data.toString();
}
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Post 請求
void postRequest() async {
var dio = new Dio();
var response = await dio.post(url_post, data:{"id":12,"name":"wendu"});
_content = response.data.toString();
}
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Dio 和 okhttp 同樣,都會有一個請求攔截器和響應攔截器,經過攔截器,咱們能夠在請求以前或響應以後作一些贊成的預處理。例如咱們發起請求前查看咱們請求的參數和頭部,響應的時候,咱們能夠查看返回來的數據。
Dio dio = new Dio();
// 添加攔截器
if (Config.DEBUG) {
dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
onRequest: (RequestOptions options){
print("\n================== 請求數據 ==========================");
print("url = ${options.uri.toString()}");
print("headers = ${options.headers}");
print("params = ${options.data}");
},
onResponse: (Response response){
print("\n================== 響應數據 ==========================");
print("code = ${response.statusCode}");
print("data = ${response.data}");
print("\n");
},
onError: (DioError e){
print("\n================== 錯誤響應數據 ======================");
print("type = ${e.type}");
print("message = ${e.message}");
print("stackTrace = ${e.stackTrace}");
print("\n");
}
));
}
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若是咱們想要移除攔截器,那麼咱們能夠將其設置爲 null
dio.interceptor.request.onSend=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onSuccess=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onError=null;
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// 頭部添加 token 驗證
headers["Authorization"] = "token lskjdlklsjkdklsjd333";
option.headers = headers;
///超時
option.connectTimeout = 15000;
try {
Response response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 請求錯誤處理
}
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在 Android 開發中,有 GsonFormat 這個插件來說 json 數據自動轉化成 Bean;那麼在 Flutter 中也有相似的插件能夠生產序列化的實體類的插件:FlutterJsonBeanFactory
Setting -> Plugins -> Browse Respositories 中搜索 FlutterJsonBeanFactory
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New -> dart bean class File from JSON
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step 3:輸入實體類名及 json 格式的數據
step 4:最後生成的實體類:LoginEntity
class LoginEntity {
String easemobpassword;
String username;
LoginEntity({this.easemobpassword, this.username});
LoginEntity.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
easemobpassword = json['easemobPassword'];
username = json['username'];
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
final Map<String, dynamic> data = new Map<String, dynamic>();
data['easemobPassword'] = this.easemobpassword;
data['username'] = this.username;
return data;
}
}
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Response response;
try {
response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 請求錯誤處理
Response errorResponse;
if (e.response != null) {
errorResponse = e.response;
} else {
errorResponse = new Response(statusCode: 666);
}
if (e.type == DioErrorType.CONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
errorResponse.statusCode = Code.NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
}
if (Config.DEBUG) {
print('請求異常: ' + e.toString());
print('請求異常 url: ' + url);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(errorResponse.statusCode, e.message, noTip), false, errorResponse.statusCode);
}
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其中 ResultData 是網絡結果處理的實體類
/**
* 網絡結果數據
* Created by chenjianrun
* Date: 2018-07-16
*/
class ResultData {
var data;
bool result;
int code;
var headers;
ResultData(this.data, this.result, this.code, {this.headers});
}
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Code 是處理網絡錯誤的編碼,並將錯誤結果經過 eventbus 發送出去,通常咱們能夠在 main_pager 中註冊監聽這個事件。
///網絡請求錯誤編碼
class Code {
///網絡錯誤
static const NETWORK_ERROR = -1;
///網絡超時
static const NETWORK_TIMEOUT = -2;
///網絡返回數據格式化一次
static const NETWORK_JSON_EXCEPTION = -3;
static const SUCCESS = 200;
static final EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();
static errorHandleFunction(code, message, noTip) {
if(noTip) {
return message;
}
eventBus.fire(new HttpErrorEvent(code, message));
return message;
}
}
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import 'dart:io';
import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/common/SpUtils.dart';
import 'package:connectivity/connectivity.dart';
import 'dart:collection';
import 'package:private_tutor/common/config/Config.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/ResultCode.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/ResultData.dart';
///http請求管理類,可單獨抽取出來
class HttpRequest {
static String _baseUrl;
static const CONTENT_TYPE_JSON = "application/json";
static const CONTENT_TYPE_FORM = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
static Map optionParams = {
"timeoutMs": 15000,
"token": null,
"authorizationCode": null,
};
static setBaseUrl(String baseUrl){
_baseUrl = baseUrl;
}
static get(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method:"GET"));
}
static post(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, {"Accept": 'application/vnd.github.VERSION.full+json'}, new Options(method: 'POST'));
}
static delete(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method: 'DELETE'));
}
static put(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method: "PUT", contentType: ContentType.text));
}
///發起網絡請求
///[ url] 請求url
///[ params] 請求參數
///[ header] 外加頭
///[ option] 配置
static request(url, params, Map<String, String> header, Options option, {noTip = false}) async {
//沒有網絡
var connectivityResult = await (new Connectivity().checkConnectivity());
if (connectivityResult == ConnectivityResult.none) {
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(Code.NETWORK_ERROR, "", noTip), false, Code.NETWORK_ERROR);
}
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap();
if (header != null) {
headers.addAll(header);
}
//受權碼
if (optionParams["authorizationCode"] == null) {
var authorizationCode = await getAuthorization();
if (authorizationCode != null) {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = authorizationCode;
}
}
headers["Authorization"] = optionParams["authorizationCode"];
// 設置 baseUrl
if (option != null) {
option.headers = headers;
} else{
option = new Options(method: "get");
option.headers = headers;
}
///超時
option.connectTimeout = 15000;
Dio dio = new Dio();
// 添加攔截器
if (Config.DEBUG) {
dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
onRequest: (RequestOptions options){
print("\n================== 請求數據 ==========================");
print("url = ${options.uri.toString()}");
print("headers = ${options.headers}");
print("params = ${options.data}");
},
onResponse: (Response response){
print("\n================== 響應數據 ==========================");
print("code = ${response.statusCode}");
print("data = ${response.data}");
print("\n");
},
onError: (DioError e){
print("\n================== 錯誤響應數據 ======================");
print("type = ${e.type}");
print("message = ${e.message}");
print("stackTrace = ${e.stackTrace}");
print("\n");
}
));
}
Response response;
try {
response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 請求錯誤處理
Response errorResponse;
if (e.response != null) {
errorResponse = e.response;
} else {
errorResponse = new Response(statusCode: 666);
}
if (e.type == DioErrorType.CONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
errorResponse.statusCode = Code.NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
}
if (Config.DEBUG) {
print('請求異常: ' + e.toString());
print('請求異常 url: ' + url);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(errorResponse.statusCode, e.message, noTip), false, errorResponse.statusCode);
}
try {
if (option.contentType != null && option.contentType.primaryType == "text") {
return new ResultData(response.data, true, Code.SUCCESS);
} else {
var responseJson = response.data;
if (response.statusCode == 201 && responseJson["token"] != null) {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = 'token ' + responseJson["token"];
await SpUtils.save(Config.TOKEN_KEY, optionParams["authorizationCode"]);
}
}
if (response.statusCode == 200 || response.statusCode == 201) {
return ResultData(response.data, true, Code.SUCCESS, headers: response.headers);
}
} catch (e) {
print(e.toString() + url);
return ResultData(response.data, false, response.statusCode, headers: response.headers);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(response.statusCode, "", noTip), false, response.statusCode);
}
///清除受權
static clearAuthorization() {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = null;
SpUtils.remove(Config.TOKEN_KEY);
}
///獲取受權token
static getAuthorization() async {
String token = await SpUtils.get(Config.TOKEN_KEY);
if (token == null) {
String basic = await SpUtils.get(Config.USER_BASIC_CODE);
if (basic == null) {
//提示輸入帳號密碼
} else {
//經過 basic 去獲取token,獲取到設置,返回token
return "Basic $basic";
}
} else {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = token;
return token;
}
}
}
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/// 登陸 model
class LoginModel{
// 手機號碼登陸
static phoneLogin(String phone,String verifyCode) async{
ResultData response = await HttpRequest.post(Address.phoneLogin, {"phoneNum" : phone,"captcha":verifyCode});
if(response != null && response.result){
PhoneLoginEntity phoneLoginEntity = PhoneLoginEntity.fromJson(json.decode(response.data));
return new DataResult(phoneLoginEntity, true);
}else{
return new DataResult(null, false);
}
}
// 獲取驗證碼
static getVerifyCode(String phone) async{
ResultData response = await HttpRequest.get("${Address.getVerifyCode}?phone=${phone}", null);
// var response = await HttpRequest.get(Address.getVerifyCode, {"phone":phone});
if(response != null && response.result){
VerifyCodeEntity entity = VerifyCodeEntity.fromJson(response.data);
return new DataResult(entity, true);
}else{
return new DataResult(null, false);
}
}
}
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