linux交叉編譯的安裝

前段時間用了幾個編譯器，版本太多，感受用起來不是很爽。參考了Tekkaman Ninja大俠的文章，決定本身動手製做交叉編譯器。

參考資料

1）《用crosstool-ng創建 linux交叉編譯環境》

原文地址：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/34474/showart_2198589.html

Tekkaman Ninja大俠的這篇文章，詳盡地記錄了製做交叉編譯工具的整個過程，淺顯易懂，很具備參考價值

2） crosstool-ng-1.7.1中的overview.txt文檔

爲了瞭解一款軟件，咱們經常會去讀它的相關文檔。crosstool-ng-1.7.1中docs目錄下的overview.txt文檔，對整個軟件的安裝都做了詳細的描述，推薦去閱讀一下

3） crosstool-ng-1.7.1中的Makefile.in文檔

看了Tekkaman Ninja大俠的文章，可能有人要問，到底要安裝哪些軟件包？仔細看看Makefile.in文件吧，它會給你答案的

言歸正傳，下面介紹本人在RHEL5.1上製做交叉編譯器的全過程

一.下載並安裝crosstool-ng

1）下載crosstool-ng-1.7.1.tar.bz2

軟件包下載地址http://ymorin.is-a-geek.org/download/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.7.1.tar.bz2

2）解壓

tar -jxvf crosstool-ng-1.7.1.tar.bz2 -C /optjava

3）安裝

cd /opt/crosstool-ng-1.7.1./configuremysql

出現以下提示信息

[root@localhost crosstool-ng-1.7.1]# ./configure Checking for 'grep'... /bin/grep Checking whether '/bin/grep' supports -E... yes Checking for 'sed'... /bin/sed Checking whether '/bin/sed' supports -i and -e... yes Checking for 'bash'... /bin/bash Checking for 'cut'... /bin/cut Checking for 'install'... /usr/bin/install Checking for 'make'... /usr/bin/make Checking for 'gcc'... /usr/bin/gcc Checking for 'awk'... /bin/awk Checking for 'bison'... /usr/bin/bison Checking for 'flex'... /usr/bin/flex Checking for 'makeinfo'... /usr/bin/makeinfo Checking for 'automake'... no automake 1.10 or above was not found Either you are missing entirely the needed tool, or the version you have is too old. configure: Bailing out... [root@localhost crosstool-ng-1.7.1]#linux

從上面能夠看到，./configure時首先檢查了一些必須的軟件，另外提示「automake 1.10 or above was not found」，即本機上automake版本過低，須要 1.10版本或以上。sql

下載automake-1.10.2.tar.bz2, 下載地址http://mirrors.ispros.com.bd/gnu/automake/automake-1.10.2.tar.bz2vim

而後解壓安裝automakebash

tar -jxvf automake-1.10.2.tar.bz2 -C /opt cd /opt/automake-1.10.2/ ./configure網絡

提示信息以下less

[root@localhost automake-1.10.2]# ./configure checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for perl... /usr/bin/perl checking for tex... no checking whether autoconf is installed... yes checking whether autoconf works... yes checking whether autoconf is recent enough... no configure: error: Autoconf 2.60 or better is required. [root@localhost automake-1.10.2]#ide

從提示的信息能夠看出，本機上的autoconf版本過低。

下載autoconf-2.66.tar.bz2,下載地址爲http://mirrors.ispros.com.bd/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.66.tar.bz2

而後解壓安裝autoconf

tar -jxvf autoconf-2.66.tar.bz2 -C /opt cd /opt/autoconf-2.66/ ./configure make make install

autoconf安裝成功以後，再來安裝automake

cd /opt/automake-1.10.2/ ./configure make make install

automake和autoconf都安裝好了，如今來安裝crosstool-ng。

cd /opt/crosstool-ng-1.7.1/ ./configure

提示信息以下

lzma: none found Either you are missing entirely the needed tool, or the version you have is too old. configure: Bailing out... [root@localhost crosstool-ng-1.7.1]#

從提示信息能夠看出，本機上缺乏lzma.

下載lzma-4.32.7.tar.bz2, 下載地址爲http://tukaani.org/lzma/lzma-4.32.7.tar.bz2

解壓並安裝lzma

tar -jxvf lzma-4.32.7.tar.bz2 -C /opt cd /opt/lzma-4.32.7 ./configure make make install

okay,如今就能夠成功安裝crosstool-ng了。

cd /opt/crosstool-ng-1.7.1/ ./configure make make install

運行ct-ng --help

[root@localhost crosstool-ng-1.7.1]# ct-ng --help 用法：make [選項] [目標] ... 選項： -b, -m Ignored for compatibility. -B, --always-make Unconditionally make all targets. -C DIRECTORY, --directory=DIRECTORY Change to DIRECTORY before doing anything. -d Print lots of debugging information. --debug[=FLAGS] Print various types of debugging information. -e, --environment-overrides Environment variables override makefiles. -f FILE, --file=FILE, --makefile=FILE Read FILE as a makefile. -h, --help Print this message and exit. -i, --ignore-errors Ignore errors from commands. -I DIRECTORY, --include-dir=DIRECTORY Search DIRECTORY for included makefiles. -j [N], --jobs[=N] Allow N jobs at once; infinite jobs with no arg. -k, --keep-going Keep going when some targets can't be made. -l [N], --load-average[=N], --max-load[=N] Don't start multiple jobs unless load is below N. -L, --check-symlink-times Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target. -n, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon Don't actually run any commands; just print them. -o FILE, --old-file=FILE, --assume-old=FILE Consider FILE to be very old and don't remake it. -p, --print-data-base Print make's internal database. -q, --question Run no commands; exit status says if up to date. -r, --no-builtin-rules Disable the built-in implicit rules. -R, --no-builtin-variables Disable the built-in variable settings. -s, --silent, --quiet Don't echo commands. -S, --no-keep-going, --stop Turns off -k. -t, --touch Touch targets instead of remaking them. -v, --version Print the version number of make and exit. -w, --print-directory Print the current directory. --no-print-directory Turn off -w, even if it was turned on implicitly. -W FILE, --what-if=FILE, --new-file=FILE, --assume-new=FILE Consider FILE to be infinitely new. --warn-undefined-variables Warn when an undefined variable is referenced. This program built for i686-redhat-linux-gnu Report bugs to <bug-make@gnu.org> [root@localhost crosstool-ng-1.7.1]#

到這裏，萬里長征總算走完了第一步。

二. 配置編譯的交叉編譯工具

接下來就是配置要編譯的交叉編譯工具了。crosstool-ng有不少已經作好的默認配置，位於crosstool-ng-X.Y.Z/samples目錄下，你只要針對其進行修改就行了。

mkdir /opt/ct-ng-build #創建工做目錄 cp /opt/crosstool-ng-1.7.1/samples/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/* /opt/ct-ng-build #拷貝默認配置 cd /opt/ct-ng-build #進入工做目錄 mv crosstool.config ./config #修改文件名 ct-ng menuconfig #進入menuconfig，修改配置

下面對默認的配置做簡單的修改

一、已下載好的源碼包路徑和交叉編譯器的安裝路徑。
Paths and misc options --->
(/opt/src) Local tarballs directory 保存源碼包路徑
(${HOME}/x-tools/${CT_TARGET}) Prefix directory 交叉編譯器的安裝路徑

二、修改交叉編譯器針對的構架。
Target options --->
*** Target optimisations ***
           (armv4t) Architecture level
           (arm9tdmi) Emit assembly for CPU
           (arm920t) Tune for CPU

三、關閉java編譯器，避免gcj出錯
C compiler --->
*** Additional supported languages: ***
[N] Java

四、一些個性化的設置
Toolchain options --->
*** Tuple completion and aliasing ***
(grubbyhunter) Tuple's vendor string
這樣產生的編譯器前綴就是：arm-grubbyhunter-linux-gnueabi-

固然有時候會感受這個前綴太長，crosstool-ng也很人性化，能夠在配置的時候設置別名。

Toolchain options --->
*** Tuple completion and aliasing ***
(arm-linux) Tuple's alias
這裏設置爲arm-linux這樣，之後經過arm-linux-gcc就能夠調用arm-grubbyhunter-linux-gnueabi-gcc了。（仍是arm-linux-gcc看着舒服啊，嘿嘿！）

接下來保存就能夠了

三. 下載相關的軟件包

在編譯的過程當中，ct-ng會去下載一些軟件包(若是沒有的話)，這裏提早下載一些軟件包，能夠減小編譯的時間。那麼到底須要哪些軟件包呢？

vi /opt/ct-ng-build/.config

無圖無真相，如今就來看一下,.config文件中能夠找到以下這些東東

CT_KERNEL_VERSION="2.6.33.2" #linux-2.6.33.2.tar.bz2

CT_BINUTILS_VERSION="2.19.1" #binutils-2.19.1.tar.bz2 CT_SSTRIP=y #sstrip.c CT_CC_VERSION="4.3.2" #gcc-4.3.2.tar.bz2CT_LIBC_VERSION="2.9" #glibc-2.9.tar.gz

CT_LIBC_GLIBC_USE_PORTS=y #glibc-ports-2.9.tar.bz2 CT_DMALLOC_VERSION="5.5.2" #dmalloc-5.5.2.tgzCT_DUMA_VERSION="2_5_15" #duma-2.5.15.tar.gz CT_GDB_VERSION="6.8" #gdb-6.8.tar.bz2 CT_LTRACE_VERSION="0.5.3" #ltrace-0.5.3.tar.gz CT_STRACE_VERSION="4.5.19" #strace-4.5.19.tar.bz2 CT_GMP_VERSION="4.3.2" #gmp-4.3.2.tar.bz2 CT_MPFR_VERSION="2.4.2" #mpfr-2.4.2.tar.bz2 CT_LIBELF_VERSION="0.8.13" #libelf-0.8.13.tar.gz

下載完以後，記得將這些軟件包放在配置時指定的文件夾，本機是/opt/src。

見http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a5db27840101d7cf.html

四. 編譯

cd /opt/ct-ng-build ct-ng build

而後，一堆貌似很NB的文字在面前飄過，這時候去喝杯咖啡，散散心啥的，大約1小時以後編譯完成。

五. 測試

關於編譯內核和根文件系統的測試，將在後面章節陸續給出。

嵌入式linux之製做交叉編譯器來源網絡，若有侵權請告知，即處理！

linux交叉編譯的安裝

相關資料：