引言:
在讀取大量數據(數組)時,使用vector會盡可能保證不會炸空間(MLE),可是相比於scanf的讀取方式會慢上很多。但到底效率相差有多大,咱們將經過對比測試獲得結果。c++
測試數據:利用srand()函數生成1e7的隨機數組(x[i] ∈ (0, 115000]),最終結果將是讀取這1e7(一千萬)的數組所消耗的時間。數組
測試環境:在Linux虛擬機下測試,利用編譯命令:time ./t獲得運行時間。markdown
備註:在debug模式下運行,不開任何優化。函數
生成數據代碼:測試
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 10000005, lenth = 115000;
int n, x, y;
int main()
{
freopen("test.in", "w", stdout);
cout << maxn << endl;
srand((unsigned int) time(0));
for(int i = 0; i != maxn; ++i)
{
x = rand()%lenth+1;
cout << x << endl;
}
fclose(stdout);
return 0;
}
對比讀入:
1.正常使用push_back()讀入優化
for(int i = 0; i != n; ++i)
{ scanf("%d", &curr); q1.push_back(curr); }
2.每次空間不夠時將vector數組增大空間ui
void test_resize(int a)
{
if(num == size_2-1)
{
q2.resize(size_2 += 10000);
}
q2[++num] = a;
return ;
}
for(int i = 0; i != n; ++i)//main函數中
{
scanf("%d", &curr);
test_resize(curr);
}
3.scanf讀入spa
for(int i = 0; i != n; ++i)//main函數中
{
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}
4.讀入優化debug
int read()
{
input = 0;
a = getchar();
while(a < '0' || a > '9')
a = getchar();
while(a >= '0' && a <= '9')
{
input = input*10+a-'0';
a = getchar();
}
return input;
}
for(int i = 0; i != n; ++i)
{
x[i] = read();
}
5.讀入優化+resize(),再扔入vector數組code
void test_resize(int a)
{
if(num == size_2-1)
{
q2.resize(size_2 += 10000);
}
q2[++num] = a;
return ;
}
int read()
{
input = 0;
a = getchar();
while(a < '0' || a > '9')
a = getchar();
while(a >= '0' && a <= '9')
{
input = input*10+a-'0';
a = getchar();
}
return input;
}
for(int i = 0; i != n; ++i)
{
curr = read();
test_resize(curr);
}
測試結果:
1.push_back()讀入
real 0m2.046s
user 0m1.620s
sys 0m0.428s
2.resize()後再讀入
real 0m1.743s
user 0m1.636s
sys 0m0.104s
3.scanf讀入
real 0m1.885s
user 0m1.776s
sys 0m0.108s
4.讀入優化
real 0m0.996s
user 0m0.948s
sys 0m0.044s
5.讀入優化+resize,再扔入vector數組
real 0m1.121s
user 0m1.036s
sys 0m0.084s
讀入優化一騎絕塵,讀入優化+resize位居第二,scanf和resize大體至關,push_back()最慢。
結論:
當數據範圍很大的時候,建議使用vector的resize(lenth)+讀入優化的方式進行讀取,這樣既最大限度下降了內存的浪費,又保證了不會在讀入上花費過久。
完整測試程序:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define maxn 10000005
vector<int> q1, q2, q3;
int n, curr, num = -1, size_1, size_2;
int x[maxn], input;
char a;
void test_resize(int a)
{
if(num == size_2-1)
{
q2.resize(size_2 += 10000);
}
q2[++num] = a;
return ;
}
int read()
{
input = 0;
a = getchar();
while(a < '0' || a > '9')
a = getchar();
while(a >= '0' && a <= '9')
{
input = input*10+a-'0';
a = getchar();
}
return input;
}
int main()
{
freopen("test.in", "r", stdin);
scanf("%d", &n);
for(int i = 0; i != n; ++i)
{
//x[i] = read();
//curr = read();
//test_resize(curr);
//scanf("%d", &x[i]);
//scanf("%d", &curr);
//test_resize(curr);
//q3.push_back(curr);
}
return 0;
}
測試自此結束。
箜瑟_qi 2017.04.07 13:55