一、/etc/yum.conf 配置文件python
[main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum #yum下載的RPM包的緩存目錄 keepcache=0 #緩存是否保存,1保存,0不保存。 debuglevel=2 #調試級別(0-10),默認爲2(具體調試級別的應用,我也不瞭解)。 logfile=/var/log/yum.log #yum的日誌文件所在的位置 exactarch=1 #在更新的時候,是否容許更新不一樣版本的RPM包,好比是否在i386上更新i686的RPM包。 obsoletes=1 #這是一個update的參數,具體請參閱yum(8),簡單的說就是至關於upgrade,容許更新陳舊的RPM包。 gpgcheck=1 #是否檢查GPG(GNU Private Guard),一種密鑰方式簽名。 plugins=1 #是否容許使用插件,默認是0不容許,可是咱們通常會用yum-fastestmirror這個插件。 installonly_limit=3 #容許保留多少個內核包。 exclude=selinux* #屏蔽不想更新的RPM包,可用通配符,多個RPM包之間使用空格分離。 # This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata # is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to # download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct # information. # It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like # Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking # interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something # manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this). # metadata_expire=90m # PUT YOUR REPOS HERE or IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d
二、關於*.repo文件linux
[fedora] #方括號裏面的是軟件源的名稱,將被yum取得並識別 name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch #這裏也定義了軟件 倉庫的名稱,一般是爲了方便閱讀配置文件,通常沒什麼做用,$releasever變量定義了發行版本,一般是8,9,10等數字,$basearch變 量定義了系統的架構,能夠是i38六、x86_6四、ppc等值,這兩個變量根據當前系統的版本架構不一樣而有不一樣的取值,這能夠方便yum升級的時候選擇 適合當前系統的軟件包,如下同…… failovermethod=priority #failovermethod 有兩個值能夠選擇,priority是默認值,表示從列出的baseurl中順序選擇鏡像服務器地址,roundrobin表示在列出的服務器中隨機選擇 exclude=compiz* *compiz* fusion-icon* #exclude這個選項是後來我本身加上去的,用來禁止這個軟件倉庫中的某些軟件包的安裝和更新,可使用通配符,並以空格分隔,能夠視狀況須要自行添加 #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ #上面的一行baseurl第一個字符是'#'表示該行已經被註釋,將不會被讀取,這一行的意思是指定一個baseurl(源的鏡像服務器地址) #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-$releasever&arch=$basearch #上面的這一行是指定一個鏡像服務器的地址列表,一般是開啓的,本例中加了註釋符號禁用了,咱們能夠試試,將$releasever和$basearch替換成本身對應的版本和架構,例如10和i386,在瀏覽器中打開,咱們就能看到一長串鏡可用的鏡像服務器地址列表。 選擇本身訪問速度較快的鏡像服務器地址複製並粘貼到repo文件中,咱們就能得到較快的更新速度了,格式以下baseurl所示: baseurl= ftp://ftp.sfc.wide.ad.jp/pub/Linux/Fedora/releases/10/Everything/i386/os http://ftp.chg.ru/pub/Linux/fedora/linux/releases/10/Everything/i386/os http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/linux/fedora/linux/releases/10/Everything/i386/os http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/fedora/releases/10/Everything/i386/os http://mirror.yandex.ru/fedora/linux/releases/10/Everything/i386/os http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Fedora/linux/releases/10/Everything/i386/os http://ftp.itu.edu.tr/Mirror/Fedora/linux/releases/10/Everything/i386/os enabled=1 #這個選項表示這個repo中定義的源是啓用的,0爲禁用 gpgcheck=1 #這個選項表示這個repo中下載的rpm將進行gpg的校驗,已肯定rpm包的來源是有效和安全的 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch #定義用於校驗的gpg密鑰 ##如下的軟件倉庫基本上用不到,選項含義同上 [fedora-debuginfo] name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - Debug failovermethod=priority #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/debug/ mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-debug-$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch [fedora-source] name=Fedora $releasever - Source failovermethod=priority #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/source/SRPMS/ mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-source-$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch
第一步:備份你的原鏡像文件,以避免出錯後能夠恢復。git
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
第二步:下載新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/centos
CentOS 5瀏覽器
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
CentOS 6緩存
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
Centos7安全
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
一、上傳r全部的pm包放到以下目錄服務器
mkdir /opt/localserver/
二、安裝createrepo命令架構
rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-17.el6.noarch.rpm python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm
三、把文件夾變成軟件源,利用createrepo建立yum倉庫,建立索引信息(須要等待一段時間)ide
cd /opt/localserver
createrepo -v ./
四、配置文件,將/etc/yum.repos.d/下現存文件都刪除或重命名.bak,而後新建一個local.repo文件,並添加相應內容:
[root@sl yum.repos.d]# touch local.repo [root@sl yum.repos.d]# vi local.repo #repo後綴 # # This repo can be used with mounted DVD media, verify the mount point for # CentOS-6. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the # DVD ISO that we release. # # To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too: # yum --enablerepo=c6-media [command] # # or for ONLY the media repo, do this: # # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media [command] [local] #庫名稱 name=CentOS-local #名稱描述 baseurl=file:///opt/localserver/ #yum源目錄,源地址爲rpm的目錄 gpgcheck=1 #檢查GPG-KEY,0爲不檢查,1爲檢查 enabled=1 #是否用該yum源,0爲禁用,1爲使用 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #gpgcheck=0時無需配置
注意刪除全部的中文
五、安裝成功後,測試:
[root@sl yum.repos.d]# yum clean all #清除緩存 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Cleaning repos: Cleaning up Everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@sl yum.repos.d]# yum makecache #從新創建緩存 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile local | 2.9 kB 00:00 ... local/filelists_db | 3.9 MB 00:00 ... local/other_db | 1.7 MB 00:00 ... Metadata Cache Created
mv CentOS-7.0-1406-x86_64-DVD.iso /mnt mkdir /mnt/centos #建立鏡像掛載目錄 vi /etc/fstab #配置開機自動掛載iso鏡像 #追加下面一行 /mnt/CentOS-7.0-1406-x86_64-DVD.iso /mnt/centos iso9660 defaults,ro,loop 0 0 mount -a #全量掛載一次 sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Local.repo #新建本地源配置文件 #添加下面幾行 [local] name=local baseurl=file:///mnt/centos enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///mnt/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #接着重建下yum源緩存
一、yum 命令的 Downloadonly 插件下載 RPM 軟件包及其全部依賴包後,上傳 到服務器上安裝
yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly
二、yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=<directory> <package-name> 下載包
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd
三、ls /root/mypackages/ 查看下載的包,並上傳到服務器
cd 進入到目錄
rpm -ivh *.rpm