前言
pgBackRest是一款開源的備份還原工具，目標旨在爲備份和還原提供可靠易用的備份。
特性
並行備份和還原
備份操做期間壓縮一般是其瓶頸所在。pgBackRest經過並行處理解決了備份期間壓縮出現的瓶頸問題。
本地遠程操做
自定義協議容許 pgBackRest以最小化配置經過SSH在本地或者遠程執行備份、還原和歸檔。而且該程序也經過協議層提供了PostgreSQL查詢接口，以便於必需要再遠程訪問PostgreSQL，從而保證了其安全性能。
全量，增量和差別備份
支持全量，增量和差別備份。pgBackRest不受異步時間影響，所以差別和增量備份徹底安全。
備份保留策略和和歸檔過時
支持保留策略設置能夠在任意時間建立全備和差別備份的覆蓋。
備份完整性
能夠計算備份中每一個文件的校驗和，並在還原期間從新檢查。備份完成文件複製後，將等待直到每一個WAL段所需的備份保持一致而後存儲到備份倉庫中。
塊校驗和
斷點備份
流壓縮和校驗和
增量還原
並行異步WAL Push和Get
表空間從新映射和Link支持
S3存儲支持和Azure兼容對象存儲支持
加密
使用
安裝
解壓
[postgres@pgserver12 tools]$ tar -zxf pgbackrest-release-2.31.tar.gz [postgres@pgserver12 tools]$ ls
建立必要目錄
ostgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir -p -m 770 /var/log/pgbackrest [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chown postgres.postgres /var/log/pgbackrest/ [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest/conf.d [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo touch /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chmod 640 /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chown postgres.postgres -R /etc/pgbackrest/ [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir /usr/bin/pgbackrest [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chown postgres.postgres /usr/bin/pgbackrest/ [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/pgbackrest/
編譯安裝
[postgres@sungsasong src]$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/bin/pgbackrest/ [postgres@sungsasong src]$ make -j24 [postgres@sungsasong src]$ make install -j24 install -d /usr/bin/pgbackrest/bin install -m 755 pgbackrest /usr/bin/pgbackrest/bin
命令測試
[postgres@sungsasong src]$ /usr/bin/pgbackrest/bin/pgbackrest
pgBackRest 2.31 - General help
Usage:
pgbackrest [options] [command]
Commands:
archive-get Get a WAL segment from the archive.
archive-push Push a WAL segment to the archive.
backup Backup a database cluster.
check Check the configuration.
expire Expire backups that exceed retention.
help Get help.
info Retrieve information about backups.
restore Restore a database cluster.
stanza-create Create the required stanza data.
stanza-delete Delete a stanza.
stanza-upgrade Upgrade a stanza.
start Allow pgBackRest processes to run.
stop Stop pgBackRest processes from running.
version Get version.
Use 'pgbackrest help [command]' for more information.
配置數據庫監聽和訪問及日誌（可選）
[postgres@sungsasong pgbackrest-release-2.31]$ egrep "10.10" $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf host all all 10.10.20.0/24 trust [postgres@sungsasong pgbackrest-release-2.31]$ egrep -v "^#" $PGDATA/postgresql.auto.conf logging_collector = 'on' listen_addresses = '*'
配置PostgreSQL數據庫數據存儲目錄
[postgres@sungsasong src]$ cat >>/etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf <<EOF > [demo] > pgl-path=/data/pg10/pgdata > EOF
配置環境變量
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ echo "export PATH=/usr/bin/pgbackrest/bin:\$PATH" >> .bashrc
建立備份和歸檔倉庫
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir -p /pgbackrest/repos [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chmod 750 /pgbackrest/ -R [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chown postgres.postgres /pgbackrest/ -R
將倉庫路徑加載在pgBackRest配置文件中
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ cat /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [demo] pgl-path=/data/pg10/pgdata [global] repol-path=/pgbackrest/repos
配置數據庫歸檔
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ egrep -v "^#" $PGDATA/postgresql.auto.conf logging_collector = 'on' archive_mode = 'on' archive_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-push %p' listen_addresses = '*' log_filename = 'postgresql.log' log_line_prefix = '' max_wal_senders = '3' wal_level = 'replica'
從新啓動數據庫
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pg_ctl restart -D $PGDATA -l /tmp/logfile waiting for server to shut down.... done server stopped waiting for server to start.... done server started
可選配置歸檔壓縮
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ cat /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [demo] pgl-path=/data/pg10/pgdata [global] repol-path=/pgbackrest/repos [global:archive_push] compress-level=3
配置基於保留策略的歸檔
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ cat /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [demo] pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata pg1-host-config-path=/data/pg10/pgbackrest pg1-host-port=22 pg1-host-user=postgres pg1-host=sungsasong pg1-port=10001 pg1-user=postgres [global] repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos repo1-retention-full=2 [global:archive_push] compress-level=3
建立存儲空間並檢查配置
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info stanza-create 2021-01-08 20:42:58.887 P00 INFO: stanza-create command begin 2.31: --exec-id=9283-e9744c3e --log-level-console=info --pg1-host=sungsasong --pg1-host-config-path=/data/pg10/pgbackrest --pg1-host-port=22 --pg1-host-user=postgres --pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata --pg1-port=10001 --pg1-user=postgres --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --stanza=demo 2021-01-08 20:42:59.835 P00 INFO: stanza-create command end: completed successfully (948ms)
檢查配置
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info check 2021-01-08 21:41:29.851 P00 INFO: check command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21648-1862ac0d --log-level-console=info --pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata --pg1-port=10001 --pg1-user=postgres --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --stanza=demo 2021-01-08 21:41:32.826 P00 INFO: WAL segment 000000010000000000000006 successfully archived to '/pgbackrest/repos/archive/demo/10-1/0000000100000000/000000010000000000000006-2f027934f4f35cd3983ca4b1b7b43c32ab089448.gz' 2021-01-08 21:41:32.826 P00 INFO: check command end: completed successfully (2975ms)
執行備份
默認爲增量備份，增量備份將會請求一個基礎全備，若是沒有基礎全備，增量備份將會變動到全備。
pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info backup 2021-01-08 21:43:55.014 P00 INFO: backup command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21661-13c54272 --log-level-console=info --pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata --pg1-port=10001 --pg1-user=postgres --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo WARN: no prior backup exists, incr backup has been changed to full ... 此處省略不少輸出 ... 2021-01-08 21:44:00.951 P00 INFO: full backup size = 23.3MB 2021-01-08 21:44:00.951 P00 INFO: execute non-exclusive pg_stop_backup() and wait for all WAL segments to archive 2021-01-08 21:44:01.153 P00 INFO: backup stop archive = 000000010000000000000008, lsn = 0/8000130 2021-01-08 21:44:01.154 P00 INFO: check archive for segment(s) 000000010000000000000008:000000010000000000000008 2021-01-08 21:44:01.273 P00 INFO: new backup label = 20210108-214355F 2021-01-08 21:44:01.301 P00 INFO: backup command end: completed successfully (6288ms) 2021-01-08 21:44:01.301 P00 INFO: expire command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21661-13c54272 --log-level-console=info --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo 2021-01-08 21:44:01.304 P00 INFO: expire command end: completed successfully (3ms)
能夠定義備份的類型爲增量仍是差別備份
使用—type參數指定
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info --type=diff backup 2021-01-08 21:47:00.964 P00 INFO: backup command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21671-d3f8f8bf --log-level-console=info --pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata --pg1-port=10001 --pg1-user=postgres --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo --type=diff 2021-01-08 21:47:01.770 P00 INFO: last backup label = 20210108-214355F, version = 2.31 2021-01-08 21:47:01.770 P00 INFO: execute non-exclusive pg_start_backup(): backup begins after the next regular checkpoint completes 2021-01-08 21:47:02.309 P00 INFO: backup start archive = 00000001000000000000000A, lsn = 0/A000028 2021-01-08 21:47:03.617 P01 INFO: backup file /data/pg10/pgdata/global/pg_control (8KB, 99%) checksum 5f020e7df484269ea245041be3228673560184ef 2021-01-08 21:47:03.721 P01 INFO: backup file /data/pg10/pgdata/pg_logical/replorigin_checkpoint (8B, 100%) checksum 347fc8f2df71bd4436e38bd1516ccd7ea0d46532 2021-01-08 21:47:03.722 P00 INFO: diff backup size = 8KB 2021-01-08 21:47:03.722 P00 INFO: execute non-exclusive pg_stop_backup() and wait for all WAL segments to archive 2021-01-08 21:47:03.942 P00 INFO: backup stop archive = 00000001000000000000000A, lsn = 0/A0000F8 2021-01-08 21:47:03.943 P00 INFO: check archive for segment(s) 00000001000000000000000A:00000001000000000000000A 2021-01-08 21:47:04.062 P00 INFO: new backup label = 20210108-214355F_20210108-214701D 2021-01-08 21:47:04.092 P00 INFO: backup command end: completed successfully (3129ms) 2021-01-08 21:47:04.092 P00 INFO: expire command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21671-d3f8f8bf --log-level-console=info --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo 2021-01-08 21:47:04.095 P00 INFO: expire command end: completed successfully (3ms)
備份信息查看
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pgbackrest info
stanza: demo
status: ok
cipher: none
db (current)
wal archive min/max (10-1): 000000010000000000000001/00000001000000000000000A
full backup: 20210108-214355F
timestamp start/stop: 2021-01-08 21:43:55 / 2021-01-08 21:44:01
wal start/stop: 000000010000000000000008 / 000000010000000000000008
database size: 23.3MB, backup size: 23.3MB
repository size: 2.7MB, repository backup size: 2.7MB
diff backup: 20210108-214355F_20210108-214701D
timestamp start/stop: 2021-01-08 21:47:01 / 2021-01-08 21:47:03
wal start/stop: 00000001000000000000000A / 00000001000000000000000A
database size: 23.3MB, backup size: 8.2KB
repository size: 2.7MB, repository backup size: 425B
backup reference list: 20210108-214355F
還原一個備份
模擬數據庫損壞
[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ cd $PGDATA/ [postgres@sungsasong pgdata]$ rm -rf * #100分警告：千萬不要拿生產庫執行
執行還原sql
[postgres@sungsasong pgdata]$ pgbackrest --stanza=demo restore
從新啓動數據庫
[postgres@sungsasong pgdata]$ pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA -l /tmp/logfile waiting for server to start.... done server started [postgres@sungsasong pgdata]$ psql psql (10.13) Type "help" for help.
以上就是pgbackrest介紹及使用。當前使用的最新版本已經能夠支持PostgreSQL13版本，僅僅是文檔上標註支持最新到PostgreSQL11版本。感興趣的同窗能夠下去試一下。數據庫
