1.首先下載二進制免編譯的包,下載到/usr/local/src/目錄下html
2.解壓壓縮包mysql
3.解壓完以後,把解壓出來的目錄放到 /usr/local/mysql/ 目錄下linux
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql bin data include man my-new.cnf README share support-files COPYING docs lib my.cnf mysql-test scripts sql-bench
4.而後切換到 /usr/local/mysql/ 目錄下,進行初始化 命令web
5.初始化成功的標誌就是兩個OK,或者用 echo $? 檢查是否初始化成功sql
6.編輯 /etc/my.cnf 文件——>默認是自帶 my.cnf 文件的數據庫
在 /etc/my.cnf 文件中 定義 datadir=/data/mysql 定義 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
7.拷貝啓動腳本vim
8.編輯啓動腳本bash
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld //對如下兩行進行指定路徑 指定basedir的路徑 /usr/local/mysql 指定datadir的路徑 /data/mysql
9.以後就能夠啓動mysql了服務器
10.若是啓動失敗,能夠去查看錯誤日誌dom
11.建議 :
12.若想開機啓動,只須要輸入命令
1.在兩臺機器安裝並啓動mysql服務後,首先在主上進行操做
2.修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [mysqld] server_id = 130 log_bin=xuexi1 # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... # datadir = ..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... # socket = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 保存退出
3.更改完配置文件後,須要重啓mysql /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
4.這時候來/data/mysql/目錄下,會生成一些文件
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# cd /data/mysql/ [root@xuexi-001 mysql]# ls -lt 總用量 110944 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 8月 31 22:57 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 8月 31 22:57 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 276358 8月 31 22:57 xuexi-001.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 8月 31 22:57 xuexi-001.pid -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 32 8月 31 22:57 xuexi1.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 120 8月 31 22:57 xuexi1.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 143 8月 31 22:57 xuexi1.000001 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 8月 30 07:56 zrlog drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 25 22:21 mysql2 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 48 7月 23 00:12 db1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 7月 3 23:41 auto.cnf drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 3 23:33 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 3 23:33 performance_schema -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 3 23:33 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 7月 3 23:33 test
5.這個是二進制日誌文件,會持續生成二、三、4等等(這個文件是實現主從配置的根本,沒有這個文件根本沒有辦法完成主從)
6.測試,準備一個數據作演示用的 首先作一個備份
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -phanfeng zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
7.而後建立一個新的庫
[root@xuexi-001 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "create database xuexi" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
8.建立好庫後,還須要把數據恢復一下,那也就是說作的主從,參考的對象就是 xuexi 這個庫
[root@xuexi-001 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 xuexi < /tmp/zrlog.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
9.再來查看/data/mysql/目錄下的文件 ls -lt /data/mysql/
[root@xuexi-001 mysql]# ls -lt /data/mysql/ 總用量 225592 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 8月 31 23:16 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 79691776 8月 31 23:16 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10348 8月 31 23:16 xuexi1.000002 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 8月 31 23:16 xuexi -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 276358 8月 31 22:57 xuexi-001.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 8月 31 22:57 xuexi-001.pid -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 32 8月 31 22:57 xuexi1.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 143 8月 31 22:57 xuexi1.000001 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 8月 30 07:56 zrlog drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 25 22:21 mysql2 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 48 7月 23 00:12 db1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 7月 3 23:41 auto.cnf drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 3 23:33 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 3 23:33 performance_schema -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 3 23:33 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 7月 3 23:33 test
10.能看到xuexi1.000002二進制文件是有增長的,xuexi1.000002增加的大小是和zrlog這個庫的保持一致的,xuexi1.000002文件裏完整的記錄了數據庫的建立的庫,建立的表,以及表裏的內容全都有
11.下面建立用於主從相互同步數據的用戶
12.先進入到mysql裏面去
[root@xuexi-001 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
13.建立用戶
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.5.133' identified by '234567'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
14.鎖定表,目的是不讓表繼續寫,由於一會須要作 從 機器配置,須要進行一個同步,讓兩臺機器同步,保證兩臺機器的數據一致,同步纔不會出錯
mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
15.查看一下binlog的文件和大小,並記住binlog的filename
mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | xuexi1.000002 | 10558 | | | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
16.而後退出數據庫,作一個數據同步
17.查看/data/mysql/下有哪些庫,主上有哪些庫,一會從上也得有哪些庫,同步這些庫,就意味着這些數據都得備份過去
[root@xuexi-001 mysql]# ls auto.cnf ib_logfile1 test xuexi1.000001 db1 mysql xuexi xuexi1.000002 ibdata1 mysql2 xuexi-001.err xuexi1.index ib_logfile0 performance_schema xuexi-001.pid zrlog
18.備份數據庫,除了mysql庫,由於mysql庫裏面有帳號密碼,從上的時候不可能把全部權限複製過去,因此mysql不須要備份
[root@xuexi-001 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 test > /tmp/test.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@xuexi-001 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql2 > /tmp/mysql2.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
19.等會把/tmp/目錄下 .sql文件都拷貝到 從上 去
[root@xuexi-001 mysql]# ls /tmp/*.sql /tmp/mysql2.sql /tmp/test.sql /tmp/zrlog.sql
20.主上操做完成,接下來從上操做
1.首先在從上安裝並啓動mysql,而後查看my.cnf,配置server_id=133,要求和主不同,在配置文件的 log_bin參數 就不須要配置的,由於只有 主上 才須要二進制日誌文件
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock server-id=133 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] # log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log # pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d join_buffer_size = 128M sort_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 保存退出
2.重啓mysql服務
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
3.在增長 server-id 後,對於mysql 是沒有任何變化的
[root@localhost ~]# ls /data/mysql/ auto.cnf ib_logfile1 mysql ibdata1 localhost.localdomain.err performance_schema ib_logfile0 localhost.localdomain.pid test
4.把主機器上備份的 .sql 數據,拷貝到從機器上,而後作一個數據恢復
[root@localhost ~]# scp 192.168.5.130:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/ The authenticity of host '192.168.5.130 (192.168.5.130)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:VuRutO7q299bCFi40MmwIrojehhw6Uv2Z6Wm+QYfp6Q. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:80:f0:db:83:55:d0:a5:6b:d8:e6:9a:22:bc:e6:2b:49. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? y Please type 'yes' or 'no': yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.5.130' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.5.130's password: mysql2.sql 100% 643KB 12.6MB/s 00:00 test.sql 100% 1258 236.9KB/s 00:00 zrlog.sql 100% 9869 770.5KB/s 00:00
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# scp 192.168.5.130:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/ The authenticity of host '192.168.5.130 (192.168.5.130)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is 25:ce:a9:96:36:88:84:ab:4f:7e:80:a3:e7:36:2c:9f. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes\ Warning: Permanently added '192.168.202.130' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.5.130's password: test.sql 100% 1258 1.2KB/s 00:00 zrlog.sql 100% 10KB 9.8KB/s 00:00
5.進入到從上數據庫中——>由於從上沒設置密碼,因此能夠直接進去
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# mysql -uroot -bash: mysql: 未找到命令
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# alias 'mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql' [root@xuexi-001 ~]# alias 'mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump'
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
6.建立庫
mysql> create database zrlog; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database test1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database mysql2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye 退出數據庫
7.而後將數據庫作一個恢復
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot test1 < /tmp/test.sql [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot zrlog < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot mysql2 < /tmp/mysql2.sql
保證兩邊數據一致
而後查看/data/mysql/目錄下的數據是否和主機器上的/data/mysql/目錄是否一致
8.開始實現主從
9.在從機器登陸到mysql
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
10.而後在數據庫裏面執行命令,中止slave
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql>
11.配置主機器相關配置
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.5.130', master_user='repl', master_password='234567', master_log_file='xuexi1.000002', master_log_pos=10558; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
12.開始slave
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql>
13.這時候經過 show slave status\G 判斷主從是否配置成功
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.5.130 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: xuexi1.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000005 Relay_Log_Pos: 280 Relay_Master_Log_File: xuexi1.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_Space: 617 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 130 Master_UUID: 9bace481-7ed7-11e8-98a4-000c29b3a2bf Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
14.解鎖「主」上的表(在主上機器操做)
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
15.到這裏主從搭建就算完成了
主服務器上
binlog-do-db= //僅同步指定的庫(多個庫,能夠用「 , 」逗號分隔)——>英文的逗號 , binlog-ignore-db= //忽略指定庫
從服務器上
replicate_do_db= //僅同步指定的庫 replicate_ignore_db= //忽略指定庫 replicate_do_table= //僅同步指定的表 replicate_ignore_table= //忽略指定表, - 例如:有一個臨時表,寫的數據很是快,數據也大,天天都須要刪除這時就能夠更新刪除這個,那麼就不須要天天去作同步 replicate_wild_do_table= //如aming.%, 支持通配符% 指定同步靠譜的匹配 同步表 replicate_wild_ignore_table= //如aming.%, 支持通配符% 指定同步靠譜的匹配 忽略表
1.在主上機器,進入到mysql
[root@xuexi-001 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5562 Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
2.進入到zrlog庫裏面
mysql> use zrlog; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql>
3.查看錶,有幾個表
show tables; mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_zrlog | +-----------------+ | comment | | link | | log | | lognav | | plugin | | tag | | type | | user | | website | +-----------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
4.查看錶有多少行,會看到website裏面有9行數據
mysql> select count(*) from website; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 9 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
5.這時候再來查看 從上 的zrlog表上的數據,會看到是同樣的
6.將主機器上的 表作一個刪除操做
mysql> truncate table website; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
7.再來查看 主機器 的表和 從機器 上表都會被刪除了
主
mysql> select count(*) from website; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 0 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
從
mysql> select count(*) from website; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 0 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)