Linux系統運維之MYSQL數據庫集羣部署(主從複製)

1、介紹

　　　　Mysql主從複製，前段時間生產環境部署了一套主從複製的架構，當時現找了不少資料，如今記錄下

2、拓撲圖

3、環境以及軟件版本

主機名	IP	操做系統	角色	軟件版本
MysqlDB_Master	192.168.0.1	CentOS release 7.1	Master	Mysql 5.6.36
MysqlDB_Slave	192.168.0.2	CentOS release 7.1	Slave	Mysql 5.6.36

4、源碼安裝

　　　　以前都是yum直接安裝的，此次嘗試使用源碼安裝，安裝包以下：

• mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz
• cmake-3.8.1.tar.gz

　　　　首先安裝前提環境：

[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] yum  groupinstall 'Development tools' -y
[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] tar -xf cmake-3.8.1.tar.gz
[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] cd cmake-3.8.1
[root@MysqlDB_Master cmake-3.8.1] ./bootstrap
[root@MysqlDB_Master cmake-3.8.1] gmake && gmake install

 　　　　安裝mysql：

[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] tar -xf mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz
[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] cd  mysql-5.6.36
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/opt/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] make && make install

　　　　mysql配置相關：

[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] mkdir -p /data/opt/mysql/{3306,binlog,tmp}
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] chown -R mysql.mysql /data/opt/mysql
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.conf
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] vim /etc/my.conf
===================================
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/opt/mysql/3306/mysql.sock

#The MySQL Server
[mysqld]
server-id=209
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1
port = 3306
user = mysql
socket = /data/opt/mysql/3306/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/opt/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
basedir = /data/opt/mysql
datadir = /data/opt/mysql/data
tmpdir = /data/opt/mysql/tmp
open_files_limit = 10240
lower_case_table_names=1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

#Buffer
max_allowed_packet = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
net_buffer_length = 8k
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

#Log
log-bin = /data/opt/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 32M
max_binlog_cache_size = 512M
max_binlog_size = 512M
binlog_format = mixed
log_output = FILE
log-error = /data/opt/mysql/binlog/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/opt/mysql/binlog/slow_query.log
general_log = 0
general_log_file = /data/opt/mysql/binlog/general_query.log
expire-logs-days = 14

#InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2048M:autoextend
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
prompt = (\u@\h)[\d]>\_
default-character-set = gbk
===================================
#添加mysql環境變量
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/data/opt/mysql/bin'  >> /etc/profile && source /etc/profile

#初始化數據庫
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] cd /data/opt/mysql
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

#添加service，並配置開機啓動
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] cp /soft/mysql-5.6.36/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] chmod +x /ect/init.d/mysqld
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] chkconfig mysqld on

　　　　優化mysql默認配置，配置訪問權限：

[root@MysqlDB_Master ~] mysql -uroot -p
#清空默認數據
(root@localhost)[(none)] > select * from mysql.db \G
(root@localhost)[(none)] > truncate table mysql.db;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > flush privileges;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > select * from mysql.db \G
#配置訪問權限
(root@localhost)[(none)] > use mysql;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > desc user;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "root";
(root@localhost)[(none)] > update user set Password=password('XXXXXX') where User='root';
(root@localhost)[(none)] > select Host,User,Password from user where User='root';
(root@localhost)[(none)] > flush privileges;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > exit;

　　　　以上，Mysql源碼安裝完成，在MysqlDB_Slave服務器上進行相同配置便可。

 5、配置主從

　　　　關於主從的配置，以前在配置文件裏已經填寫，「server-id」值主從不一樣，從值大於主值，主要配置以下：

[mysqld]
server-id=209

#InnoDB
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1

　　　　鏈接到主庫，配置同步帳號並受權從服務器鏈接：

(root@localhost)[(none)] grant replication slave,reload,super on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.0.2' identified by 'backup';
(root@localhost)[(none)] flush tables with read lock;
(root@localhost)[(none)] show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000007 |       321|              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

　　　　鏈接到從庫，配置主服務器IP以及同步帳號等信息：

(root@localhost)[(none)] > change master to master_host='192.168.0.1',master_user='repl',master_password='backup',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007',master_log_pos=321;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > start slave;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > show slave status \G

　　　　確認主從節點同步正常，主要確認如下值：

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

　　　　鏈接到主庫，解除鎖，並建立新DB：

(root@localhost)[(none)] unlock tables;
(root@localhost)[(none)] create database testDB;

　　　　鏈接到從庫，查看新建DB是否同步過來：

(root@localhost)[(none)]  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| testDB             |
+--------------------+

　　　　以上，Mysql集羣，主從同步配置完成。

補充：

　 1.Mysql5.7安裝須要引入boost庫

tar -xf  boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
ln -s boost_1_59_0    boots
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/opt/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l` && make install

　  2.Mysql5.7密碼字段改變

　　　　5.6是Password,5.7是authentication_string

　  3.Mysql5.7修改密碼

　　　　update user set authentication_string=password('XXXXXX') where User='root';

　 4.Mysql5.7初始化

　　　　data目錄不須要手動創建：

./bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/data/opt/mysql --datadir=/data/opt/mysql/data

 　 5.Mysql5.7默認日誌時間是UTC

　　　　在配置文件中[mysqld]段落中添加log_timestamps=SYSTEM