Spring Boot 入門之消息中間件篇(轉發）

##1、前言在消息中間件中有 2 個重要的概念：消息代理和目的地。當消息發送者發送消息後，消息就被消息代理接管，消息代理保證消息傳遞到指定目的地。spring

咱們經常使用的消息代理有 JMS 和 AMQP 規範。對應地，它們常見的實現分別是 ActiveMQ 和 RabbitMQ。apache

上篇文章《Spring Boot 入門之緩存和 NoSQL 篇（四）》。緩存

##2、整合 ActiveMQ ######2.1 添加依賴dom

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- 若是須要配置鏈接池，添加以下依賴 -->
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>  
    <artifactId>activemq-pool</artifactId>  
</dependency>

######2.2 添加配置tcp

# activemq 配置
spring.activemq.broker-url=tcp://192.168.2.12:61616
spring.activemq.user=admin
spring.activemq.password=admin
spring.activemq.pool.enabled=false
spring.activemq.pool.max-connections=50
# 使用發佈/訂閱模式時，下邊配置須要設置成 true
spring.jms.pub-sub-domain=false
此處 spring.activemq.pool.enabled=false，表示關閉鏈接池。

######2.3 編碼配置類：spring-boot

@Configuration
public class JmsConfirguration {
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "activemq_queue";
    
    public static final String TOPIC_NAME = "activemq_topic";
    
    @Bean
    public Queue queue() {
        return new ActiveMQQueue(QUEUE_NAME);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Topic topic() {
        return new ActiveMQTopic(TOPIC_NAME);
    }
}

負責建立隊列和主題。oop

消息生產者：測試

@Component
public class JmsSender {
    @Autowired
    private Queue queue;
    
    @Autowired
    private Topic topic;
    
    @Autowired
    private JmsMessagingTemplate jmsTemplate;
    
    public void sendByQueue(String message) {
        this.jmsTemplate.convertAndSend(queue, message);
    }
    
    public void sendByTopic(String message) {
        this.jmsTemplate.convertAndSend(topic, message);
    }
}

消息消費者：ui

@Component
public class JmsReceiver {
    
    @JmsListener(destination = JmsConfirguration.QUEUE_NAME)
    public void receiveByQueue(String message) {
        System.out.println("接收隊列消息:" + message);
    }
    
    @JmsListener(destination = JmsConfirguration.TOPIC_NAME)
    public void receiveByTopic(String message) {
        System.out.println("接收主題消息:" + message);
    }
}

消息消費者使用 @JmsListener 註解監聽消息。this

######2.4 測試

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class JmsTest {
    @Autowired
    private JmsSender sender;
    @Test
    public void testSendByQueue() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
            this.sender.sendByQueue("hello activemq queue " + i);
        }
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendByTopic() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
            this.sender.sendByTopic("hello activemq topic " + i);
        }
    }
}

打印結果：

接收隊列消息:hello activemq queue 1 接收隊列消息:hello activemq queue 2 接收隊列消息:hello activemq queue 3 接收隊列消息:hello activemq queue 4 接收隊列消息:hello activemq queue 5 測試發佈/訂閱模式時，設置 spring.jms.pub-sub-domain=true

接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 1 接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 2 接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 3 接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 4 接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 5 ##3、整合 RabbitMQ ######3.1 添加依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

######3.2 添加配置

spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.2.30
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=light
spring.rabbitmq.password=light
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/test

######3.3 編碼配置類：

@Configuration
public class AmqpConfirguration {
    //=============簡單、工做隊列模式===============
    
    public static final String SIMPLE_QUEUE = "simple_queue";
    @Bean
    public Queue queue() {
        return new Queue(SIMPLE_QUEUE, true);
    }
    
    //===============發佈/訂閱模式============
    
    public static final String PS_QUEUE_1 = "ps_queue_1";
    public static final String PS_QUEUE_2 = "ps_queue_2";
    public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout_exchange";
    
    @Bean
    public Queue psQueue1() {
        return new Queue(PS_QUEUE_1, true);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Queue psQueue2() {
        return new Queue(PS_QUEUE_2, true);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
        return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding fanoutBinding1() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(psQueue1()).to(fanoutExchange());
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding fanoutBinding2() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(psQueue2()).to(fanoutExchange());
    }
    //===============路由模式============
    
    public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE_1 = "routing_queue_1";
    public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE_2 = "routing_queue_2";
    public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct_exchange";
    
    @Bean
    public Queue routingQueue1() {
        return new Queue(ROUTING_QUEUE_1, true);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Queue routingQueue2() {
        return new Queue(ROUTING_QUEUE_2, true);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange directExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(DIRECT_EXCHANGE);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding directBinding1() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(routingQueue1()).to(directExchange()).with("user");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding directBinding2() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(routingQueue2()).to(directExchange()).with("order");
    }
    
    //===============主題模式============
    
    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_1 = "topic_queue_1";
    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_2 = "topic_queue_2";
    public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic_exchange";
    
    @Bean
    public Queue topicQueue1() {
        return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_1, true);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Queue topicQueue2() {
        return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_2, true);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange topicExchange() {
        return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding topicBinding1() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1()).to(topicExchange()).with("user.add");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding topicBinding2() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2()).to(topicExchange()).with("user.#");
    }
    
}

RabbitMQ 有多種工做模式，所以配置比較多。想了解相關內容的讀者能夠查看本站的《RabbitMQ 工做模式介紹》或者自行百度相關資料。

消息生產者：

@Component
public class AmqpSender {
    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
    /**
     * 簡單模式發送
     * 
     * @param message
     */
    public void simpleSend(String message) {
        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.SIMPLE_QUEUE, message);
    }
    /**
     * 發佈/訂閱模式發送
     * 
     * @param message
     */
    public void psSend(String message) {
        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", message);
    }
    /**
     * 路由模式發送
     * 
     * @param message
     */
    public void routingSend(String routingKey, String message) {
        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, routingKey, message);
    }
    /**
     * 主題模式發送
     * 
     * @param routingKey
     * @param message
     */
    public void topicSend(String routingKey, String message) {
        this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, routingKey, message);
    }
}

消息消費者：

@Component
public class AmqpReceiver {
    /**
     * 簡單模式接收
     * 
     * @param message
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.SIMPLE_QUEUE)
    public void simpleReceive(String message) {
        System.out.println("接收消息:" + message);
    }
    /**
     * 發佈/訂閱模式接收
     * 
     * @param message
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_1)
    public void psReceive1(String message) {
        System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message);
    }
    @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_2)
    public void psReceive2(String message) {
        System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message);
    }
    /**
     * 路由模式接收
     * 
     * @param message
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_1)
    public void routingReceive1(String message) {
        System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message);
    }
    @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_2)
    public void routingReceive2(String message) {
        System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message);
    }
    /**
     * 主題模式接收
     * 
     * @param message
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_1)
    public void topicReceive1(String message) {
        System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message);
    }
    
    @RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_2)
    public void topicReceive2(String message) {
        System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message);
    }
}

消息消費者使用 @RabbitListener 註解監聽消息。

######3.4 測試

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class AmqpTest {
    @Autowired
    private AmqpSender sender;
    @Test
    public void testSimpleSend() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
            this.sender.simpleSend("test simpleSend " + i);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void testPsSend() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
            this.sender.psSend("test psSend " + i);
        }
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testRoutingSend() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
            this.sender.routingSend("order", "test routingSend " + i);
        }
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testTopicSend() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
            this.sender.topicSend("user.add", "test topicSend " + i);
        }
    }
}

測試結果略過。。。

踩坑提醒1：ACCESS_REFUSED - Login was refused using authentication mechanism PLAIN

解決方案：

請確保用戶名和密碼是否正確，須要注意的是用戶名和密碼的值是否包含空格或製表符（筆者測試時就是由於密碼多了一個製表符致使認證失敗）。
若是測試帳戶使用的是 guest，須要修改 rabbitmq.conf 文件。在該文件中添加「loopback_users = none」配置。

踩坑提醒2：Cannot prepare queue for listener. Either the queue doesn’t exist or the broker will not allow us to use it

解決方案：

咱們能夠登錄 RabbitMQ 的管理界面，在 Queue 選項中手動添加對應的隊列。

##4、參考資料消息中間件簡單介紹

Spring Boot 官方文檔

Rabbit MQ 訪問控制相關

本文做者： moonlightL 本文連接： https://www.extlight.com/2018/01/26/Spring-Boot-%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6%E7%AF%87%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%94%EF%BC%89/