Spring Cloud Ribbon是基於Netflix Ribbon實現的一套客戶端負載均衡的工具。它是一個基於HTTP和TCP的客戶端負載均衡器。它能夠經過在客戶端中配置ribbonServerList來設置服務端列表去輪詢訪問以達到均衡負載的做用。web
當Ribbon與Eureka聯合使用時,ribbonServerList會被DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList重寫,擴展成從Eureka註冊中心中獲取服務實例列表。同時它也會用NIWSDiscoveryPing來取代IPing,它將職責委託給Eureka來肯定服務端是否已經啓動。spring
而當Ribbon與Consul聯合使用時,ribbonServerList會被ConsulServerList來擴展成從Consul獲取服務實例列表。同時由ConsulPing來做爲IPing接口的實現。apache
咱們在使用Spring Cloud Ribbon的時候,不管是與Eureka仍是Consul結合,都會在引入Spring Cloud Eureka或Spring Cloud Consul依賴的時候經過自動化配置來加載上述所說的配置內容,因此咱們能夠快速在Spring Cloud中實現服務間調用的負載均衡。app
實戰:負載均衡
利用以前博客中構建的eureka-server
做爲服務註冊中心、eureka-client
做爲服務提供者做爲基礎,構建項目,命名爲:eureka-consumer-ribbon
。在pom.xml
中增長下面的依賴:maven
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>springCloud</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-consumer-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>spring-boot
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>工具
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>ui
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
</project>spa
RestTemplate
增長@LoadBalanced
註解:package com.springCloud;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ApplicationRibbon {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SpringApplicationBuilder(ApplicationRibbon.class).web(true).run(args);
}
}
LoadBalancerClient
選取實例和拼接URL的步驟,直接經過RestTemplate發起請求。package com.springCloud.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class DcController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/consumer")
public String dc() {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://eureka-client/dc", String.class);
}
}
紅色部分:使用這種方式能夠調用成功的緣由:
Spring Cloud Ribbon有一個攔截器,它可以在這裏進行實際調用的時候,自動的去選取服務實例,並將實際要請求的IP地址和端口替換這裏的服務名,從而完成服務接口的調用。