k8s裏面容器是存在於pod裏面的,因此容器之間通信,通常分爲三種類型:
1. pod內部容器之間 2. pod 與 pod 容器之間 3. pod 訪問service服務
(1) pod內部容器之間html
k8s pod內部容器是共享網絡空間的,因此容器直接可使用localhost訪問其餘容器。
k8s 在啓動容器的時候會先啓動一個pause容器,這個容器就是實現這個功能的。
(2) pod 與 pod容器之間node
a. 兩個pod在一臺主機上面python
docker默認的docker網橋互連容器
b. 兩個pod不在同一個主機上面 nginx
k8s官方推薦的是使用flannel組建一個大二層扁平網絡,pod的ip分配由flannel統一分配,通信過程也是走flannel的網橋
(3) pod訪問service服務docker
Service分配的ip叫cluster ip是一個虛擬ip(相對固定,除非刪除service),這個ip只能在k8s集羣內部使用,若是service須要對外提供,只能使用Nodeport方式映射到主機上,使用主機的ip和端口對外提供服務
pod是k8s的最小單元,容器包含在pod中,一個pod中有一個pause容器和若干個業務容器,而容器就是單獨的一個容器,簡而言之,pod是一組容器,而容器單指一個容器
Name: task-pv-pod Namespace: default // 沒有指定namespace的就是default Node: docker-for-desktop/192.168.65.3 // Pod所在的節點 Start Time: Mon, 08 Jul 2019 14:05:52 +0800 // pod啓動的時間 Labels: <none> // 說明沒有設置標籤 Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration={"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"task-pv-pod","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"nginx","name":... // 註釋信息 Status: Running // pod的狀態 IP: 10.1.0.103 // pod的集羣ip Containers: // 其中包含的容器 task-pv-container: Container ID: docker://3e9a2ee6b0a13ccee534ec3ffe781adcbff42a7f1851d57e3b374a047a654590 Image: nginx // 容器鏡像名稱 Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:96fb261b66270b900ea5a2c17a26abbfabe95506e73c3a3c65869a6dbe83223a Port: 80/TCP Host Port: 0/TCP State: Running Started: Mon, 08 Jul 2019 14:05:58 +0800 Ready: True Restart Count: 0 Environment: <none> Mounts: // 這個容器掛載的兩個volume /usr/share/nginx/html from task-pv-storage (rw) /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-tw8wk (ro) Conditions: Type Status Initialized True Ready True PodScheduled True Volumes: task-pv-storage: // 掛載的數據卷 Type: PersistentVolumeClaim (a reference to a PersistentVolumeClaim in the same namespace) // 這個數據卷是共享持久卷 ClaimName: task-pv-claim // 使用的聲明 ReadOnly: false // 數據卷是否只讀 default-token-tw8wk: Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret) // 這個數據卷是保存密鑰 SecretName: default-token-tw8wk Optional: false QoS Class: BestEffort // Qos的三個級別,Guaranteed/Burstable/BestEffort,分別對pod的資源限制從嚴到弱 Node-Selectors: <none> // pod是能夠選擇部署在哪一個node上的,好比部署在有ssd的node上。 Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s // 節點親和性,它使得pod能有傾向性地分配到不一樣節點上。 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s Events: // 這個pod發生的一些事件 Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal Scheduled 21s default-scheduler Successfully assigned task-pv-pod to docker-for-desktop Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 20s kubelet, docker-for-desktop MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "task-pv-volume" Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 20s kubelet, docker-for-desktop MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "default-token-tw8wk" Normal Pulling 19s kubelet, docker-for-desktop pulling image "nginx" Normal Pulled 15s kubelet, docker-for-desktop Successfully pulled image "nginx" Normal Created 15s kubelet, docker-for-desktop Created container Normal Started 14s kubelet, docker-for-desktop Started container
有的時候咱們可能會忘記了咱們啓動的pod的yaml配置文件地址,咱們能夠經過kubectl get pod task-pv-pod -o=yaml
命令來獲取某個已經啓動的 pod 的配置文件,這裏的配置文件會比咱們配置的配置項全不少,由於咱們寫配置文件的時候,不少配置項沒有設置實際上就是使用默認的配置值來實現。後端
kubectl get pod task-pv-pod -o=yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: | {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"task-pv-pod","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"nginx","name":"task-pv-container","ports":[{"containerPort":80,"name":"http-server"}],"volumeMounts":[{"mountPath":"/usr/share/nginx/html","name":"task-pv-storage"}]}],"volumes":[{"name":"task-pv-storage","persistentVolumeClaim":{"claimName":"task-pv-claim"}}]}} creationTimestamp: 2019-07-08T06:05:51Z name: task-pv-pod namespace: default resourceVersion: "1439249" selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/task-pv-pod uid: 7090642e-a146-11e9-89ff-025000000001 spec: containers: - image: nginx imagePullPolicy: Always name: task-pv-container ports: - containerPort: 80 name: http-server protocol: TCP resources: {} terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log terminationMessagePolicy: File volumeMounts: - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html name: task-pv-storage - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount name: default-token-tw8wk readOnly: true dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst nodeName: docker-for-desktop restartPolicy: Always schedulerName: default-scheduler securityContext: {} serviceAccount: default serviceAccountName: default terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30 tolerations: - effect: NoExecute key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready operator: Exists tolerationSeconds: 300 - effect: NoExecute key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable operator: Exists tolerationSeconds: 300 volumes: - name: task-pv-storage persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: task-pv-claim - name: default-token-tw8wk secret: defaultMode: 420 secretName: default-token-tw8wk status: conditions: - lastProbeTime: null lastTransitionTime: 2019-07-08T06:05:52Z status: "True" type: Initialized - lastProbeTime: null lastTransitionTime: 2019-07-08T06:05:58Z status: "True" type: Ready - lastProbeTime: null lastTransitionTime: 2019-07-08T06:05:51Z status: "True" type: PodScheduled containerStatuses: - containerID: docker://3e9a2ee6b0a13ccee534ec3ffe781adcbff42a7f1851d57e3b374a047a654590 image: nginx:latest imageID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:96fb261b66270b900ea5a2c17a26abbfabe95506e73c3a3c65869a6dbe83223a lastState: {} name: task-pv-container ready: true restartCount: 0 state: running: startedAt: 2019-07-08T06:05:58Z hostIP: 192.168.65.3 phase: Running podIP: 10.1.0.103 qosClass: BestEffort startTime: 2019-07-08T06:05:52Z
spec.container.volumeMounts 其中一個 /usr/share/nginx/html根據 task-pv-storage 掛載到 task-pv-claim 這個共享存儲中。這個pvc 是對應哪一個共享存儲呢?
咱們能夠查看 kubectl get pvc
api
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE task-pv-claim Bound task-pv-volume 1Gi RWO manual 5h
再經過 kubectl get pv
對應到 pv:網絡
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE task-pv-volume 1Gi RWO Retain Bound default/task-pv-claim manual 5h
再查看這個 pv 的詳細狀況:kubectl describe pv task-pv-volume
app
Name: task-pv-volume Labels: type=local Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration={"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"PersistentVolume","metadata":{"annotations":{},"labels":{"type":"local"},"name":"task-pv-volume","namespace":""},"spec":{"ac... pv.kubernetes.io/bound-by-controller=yes Finalizers: [kubernetes.io/pv-protection] StorageClass: manual Status: Bound Claim: default/task-pv-claim Reclaim Policy: Retain Access Modes: RWO Capacity: 1Gi Node Affinity: <none> Message: Source: Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume) Path: /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/workspace/kubernets_example/data HostPathType: Events: <none>
看到這個pv對應的是宿主機 HostPath 中的 /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/workspace/kubernets_example/data 這個目錄。ui
因此共享存儲的映射關係是 pod -- volume -- pvc -- pv。
其實這裏咱們之因此說是共享存儲,就是說這個存儲應該是一個共享網盤,好比 cephFS,而不該該僅僅只是宿主機上的一個目錄。宿主機上的目錄只是爲了調試方便而已。
(1) PV與PVC關係
1.accessMode:訪問模型;對象列表: ReadWriteOnce – the volume can be mounted as read-write by a single node: RWO - ReadWriteOnce一人讀寫 ReadOnlyMany – the volume can be mounted read-only by many nodes: ROX - ReadOnlyMany 多人只讀 ReadWriteMany – the volume can be mounted as read-write by many nodes: RWX - ReadWriteMany多人讀寫 2.resource:資源限制(好比:定義5GB空間,咱們指望對應的存儲空間至少5GB。) 3.selector:標籤選擇器。不加標籤,就會在全部PV找最佳匹配。 4.storageClassName:存儲類名稱: 5.volumeMode:指後端存儲卷的模式。能夠用於作類型限制,哪一種類型的PV能夠被當前claim所使用。 6.volumeName:卷名稱,指定後端PVC(至關於綁定) PV和PVC是一一對應關係,當有PV被某個PVC所佔用時,會顯示banding,其它PVC不能再使用綁定過的PV。 PVC一旦綁定PV,就至關因而一個存儲卷,此時PVC能夠被多個Pod所使用。(PVC支不支持被多個Pod訪問,取決於訪問模型accessMode的定義)。 PVC若沒有找到合適的PV時,則會處於pending狀態。 PV是屬於集羣級別的,不能定義在名稱空間中。 PVC時屬於名稱空間級別的。 PV的reclaim policy選項: 默認是Retain保留,保留生成的數據。 能夠改成recycle回收,刪除生成的數據,回收pv delete,刪除,pvc解除綁定後,pv也就自動刪除。