入門：Docker經常使用命令及解釋
1、 容器生命週期管理
1. createphp
命令解釋：建立一個容器，但不啓動，容器名稱爲 mynginxhtml
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker create --name mynginx nginx:latest Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/nginx a5a6f2f73cd8: Pull complete 1ba02017c4b2: Pull complete 33b176c904de: Pull complete Digest: sha256:5d32f60db294b5deb55d078cd4feb410ad88e6fe77500c87d3970eca97f54dba Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest 3a9e561b7629c6880c776a9331dcc9d052685f08c98f58c940e1a164c1f8d77c leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
2. runlinux
命令解釋：建立一個容器並運行它
可選參數：
-a stdin: 指定標準輸入輸出內容類型，可選 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三項；
-d: 後臺運行容器，並返回容器ID；
-i: 以交互模式運行容器，一般與 -t 同時使用；
-p: 端口映射，格式爲：主機(宿主)端口:容器端口
-t: 爲容器從新分配一個僞輸入終端，一般與 -i 同時使用；
--name="mynginx": 爲容器指定一個名稱；
--dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服務器，默認和宿主一致；
--dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默認和宿主一致；
-h "leo": 指定容器的hostname；
-e username="uleo": 設置環境變量；
--env-file=[]: 從指定文件讀入環境變量；
--cpuset="0-2" 或者 --cpuset="0,1,2": 綁定容器到指定CPU運行；
-m :設置容器使用內存最大值；
--net="bridge": 指定容器的網絡鏈接類型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四種類型；
--link=[]: 添加連接到另外一個容器；
--expose=[]: 開放一個端口或一組端口；nginx
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker run -it -d -p 222:22 -p 8080:80 --restart=always --name nginx nginx:latest feea481119cb053e84bf3bda6f1b29beaddb3f91899f4d28775c4015f0dafa2f leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps –a #查看容器進程 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
3. start/stop/restartgit
命令解釋：容器的啓動，關閉，重啓github
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker stop feea481119cb feea481119cb leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker restrat feea481119cb docker: 'restrat' is not a docker command. See 'docker --help' leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker restart feea481119cb feea481119cb leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
4. pause/unpauseweb
命令解釋：容器的暫停或恢復暫停容器，暫停狀態沒法正常使用該容器。docker
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 minutes ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker pause feea481119cb feea481119cb leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 minutes ago Up 2 minutes (Paused) 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker unpause feea481119cb feea481119cb leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
5. execjson
命令解釋：在運行的容器中執行命令或者進去容器ubuntu
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash root@feea481119cb:/# hostname feea481119cb root@feea481119cb:/#
6. kill
命令解釋：終止一個運行中的容器
參數：
-s ：向容器發送終止信號
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 14 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker kill nginx nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
7. rm
命令解釋：刪除一個或者多個容器
參數：
-f :經過終止信號強制刪除一個運行中的容器
-l :移除容器間的網絡鏈接，而非容器自己
-v :刪除與容器關聯的卷
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 16 minutes ago Up 41 seconds 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker rm nginx Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container feea481119cb053e84bf3bda6f1b29beaddb3f91899f4d28775c4015f0dafa2f. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker stop nginx nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker rm nginx nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
2、 容器操做
1. ps
命令解釋：列出容器
參數：
-a :顯示全部的容器，包括未運行的容器。
-f :根據條件過濾顯示的內容
--format :指定返回值的模版
-l :顯示最近建立的容器
-n :列出最近建立的n個容器
--no-trunc :不截斷輸出
-q :靜默模式，只顯示容器編號
-s :顯示總的文件大小。
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES feea481119cb nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 16 minutes ago Exited (137) About a minute ago nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
2. inspect
命令解釋：獲取容器／鏡像的元數據
參數：
-f : 指定返回值的模版文件
-s :顯示在難過的文件大小
--type :爲指定類型返回json
查看nginx:latest的元信息
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker inspect nginx:latest
[
{
"Id": "sha256:568c4670fa800978e08e4a51132b995a54f8d5ae83ca133ef5546d092b864acf",
"RepoTags": [
"nginx:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"nginx@sha256:5d32f60db294b5deb55d078cd4feb410ad88e6fe77500c87d3970eca97f54dba"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2018-11-27T22:21:45.207738888Z",
"Container": "1455cab9c97f6945336dd97d5dfca0429eacbb739fcd362cc528ed8a175fcc7b",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "1455cab9c97f",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.15.7-1~stretch",
"NJS_VERSION=1.15.7.0.2.6-1~stretch"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:cf9409661039371fa3448619fb988625e4542108921c4c8f923c5bccc51601eb",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": [],
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"DockerVersion": "17.06.2-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.15.7-1~stretch",
"NJS_VERSION=1.15.7.0.2.6-1~stretch"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:cf9409661039371fa3448619fb988625e4542108921c4c8f923c5bccc51601eb",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": [],
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 109116878,
"VirtualSize": 109116878,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b2a9c894aa016618fdae88f2cd152cf11f1f05461d927d4682efe60c4366f038/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a9bc2292493221b766a47272eb1d9d7c2b0049bda74a745dd82bc82443f5ec1f/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b9af4051377bdbc6e1435834a73ed8c23d5bb89bfef33eb199347ff315038f32/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b9af4051377bdbc6e1435834a73ed8c23d5bb89bfef33eb199347ff315038f32/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b9af4051377bdbc6e1435834a73ed8c23d5bb89bfef33eb199347ff315038f32/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:ef68f6734aa485edf13a8509fe60e4272428deaf63f446a441b79d47fc5d17d3",
"sha256:ad5345cbb119f7c720123e3adf28b164143e4157ca6e46a629ca694e75f7825f",
"sha256:ece4f9fdef598687f23d39643bacbf2c609201b087b93bbae81b931da72d2a64"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastT
agTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
獲取容器的ip方法
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker inspect -f {{.NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge.IPAddress}} nginx
172.17.0.2
或者
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' nginx
172.17.0.2
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
3. top
命令解釋：查看容器中運行的進程信息，支持ps的參數
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker top nginx PID USER TIME COMMAND 3208 root 0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off; 3251 101 0:00 nginx: worker process leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
查看全部容器的進程信息
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ for i in `docker ps |grep Up|awk '{print $1}'` ; do echo \ && docker top $i ; done
PID USER TIME COMMAND
3208 root 0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
3251 101 0:00 nginx: worker process
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
4. logs
命令解釋：獲取容器的日誌
參數：
-f :跟蹤日誌輸出
--since :顯示某個開始時間的全部日誌
-t :顯示時間戳
--tail :僅列出最新N條容器日誌
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker logs -f nginx 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:22:35 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36" "-" 2018/12/08 03:22:36 [error] 24#24: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 172.17.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.1.3:8080", referrer: "http://192.168.1.3:8080/" 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:22:36 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://192.168.1.3:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36" "-" 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:22:47 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36" "-" 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:23:48 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.0.2 Safari/605.1.15" "-" 2018/12/08 03:23:48 [error] 24#24: *5 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 172.17.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.1.3:8080", referrer: "http://192.168.1.3:8080/" 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:23:48 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "http://192.168.1.3:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.0.2 Safari/605.1.15" "-"
查看容器nginx從2018/12/8的最新5條日誌
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker logs --since="2018-12-08" --tail=5 nginx 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:22:36 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://192.168.1.3:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36" "-" 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:22:47 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36" "-" 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:23:48 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.0.2 Safari/605.1.15" "-" 2018/12/08 03:23:48 [error] 24#24: *5 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 172.17.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.1.3:8080", referrer: "http://192.168.1.3:8080/" 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:23:48 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "http://192.168.1.3:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.0.2 Safari/605.1.15" "-" leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
5. events
命令解釋：從服務器獲取實時事件
參數：
-f ：根據條件過濾事件；
--since ：從指定的時間戳後顯示全部事件;
--until ：流水時間顯示到指定的時間爲止；
獲取2018/12/8的全部事件
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker events --since="2018-12-08" 2018-12-08T09:46:57.832351102+08:00 image pull nginx:latest (maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) 2018-12-08T09:46:57.938764857+08:00 container create 3a9e561b7629c6880c776a9331dcc9d052685f08c98f58c940e1a164c1f8d77c (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=mynginx) 2018-12-08T10:23:52.553078826+08:00 container create feea481119cb053e84bf3bda6f1b29beaddb3f91899f4d28775c4015f0dafa2f (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) 2018-12-08T10:23:52.678445332+08:00 network connect 2651d136cf62ba9dc0ebe674eca0c1d9f73cf4230e345aec01be0ddd797715bb (container=feea481119cb053e84bf3bda6f1b29beaddb3f91899f4d28775c4015f0dafa2f, name=bridge, type=bridge) 2018-12-08T10:23:53.133906581+08:00 container start feea481119cb053e84bf3bda6f1b29beaddb3f91899f4d28775c4015f0dafa2f (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) 2018-12-08T10:25:07.949445750+08:00 container destroy 3a9e561b7629c6880c776a9331dcc9d052685f08c98f58c940e1a164c1f8d77c (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=mynginx)
若是指定的時間是到秒級的，須要將時間轉成時間戳。若是時間爲日期的話，能夠直接使用，如--since="2016-07-01"。
6. wait
命令說明：阻塞運行知道容器中止，而後打印出它的退出代碼
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker wait nginx
7. attach
命令解釋：鏈接到正在運行中的容器
--sig-proxy:防止CTRL+D 或 CRTL+C退出容器
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker attach --sig-proxy=false nginx 172.17.0.1 - - [08/Dec/2018:03:37:47 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/12.0.2 Safari/605.1.15" "-"
8. port
命令解釋：列出指定的容器的端口映射，或查找將PRIVATE_PORT NAT到面向公衆的端口。
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker port nginx 22/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:222 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8080 leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
9. export
命令解釋：將文件系統做爲一個tar歸檔文件導出到STDOUT。保存當前鏡像狀態。
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker export -o nginx-leo.tar nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ ls nginx-leo.tar nginx-leo.tar leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
3、 容器rootfs命令
1. commit
命令解釋：從容器建立一個新的鏡像，提交到鏡像庫。
參數：
-a :提交的鏡像做者；
-c :使用Dockerfile指令來建立鏡像；
-m :提交時的說明文字；
-p :在commit時，將容器暫停。
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker commit -a "leo" -m "leo commit nginx test" nginx leo:v1 sha256:6ec4ef7718a8b311f261e8eb12f2b55a42f631e75ad7cd7a5c105620c6abd7ce leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker images leo:v1 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE leo v1 6ec4ef7718a8 10 seconds ago 109MB leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
2. cp
命令說明：用於容器與主機之間的數據拷貝
參數說明：
-L :保持源目標中的連接
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ echo "nginxtest" >> test leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker cp test nginx:/ leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash root@96ddce20c551:/# cat test nginxtest root@96ddce20c551:/#
3. diff
命令說明：檢查容器裏文件結構的更改
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker diff nginx C /run A /run/nginx.pid C /var C /var/cache C /var/cache/nginx A /var/cache/nginx/client_temp A /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp A /var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp A /var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp A /var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp C /root A /root/.bash_history A /test leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
4、 鏡像倉庫
1. login/logout
命令解釋：登錄或登出docker鏡像倉庫
參數：
-u :登錄的用戶名
-p :登錄的密碼
由於我下載了docker客戶端，直接命令輸入
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker login –u leo –p ******* Authenticating with existing credentials... Login Succeeded leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
2. pull
命令解釋：從鏡像庫拉取鏡像活着更新指定鏡像
參數：
-a :拉取全部 tagged 鏡像
--disable-content-trust :忽略鏡像的校驗,默認開啓
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker pull nginx
3. push
命令解釋：將本地的鏡像上傳到鏡像倉庫，前提要先登陸鏡像倉庫
參數：
--disable-content-trust :忽略鏡像的校驗,默認開啓
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker push leo:v1 The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/leo] fae8ad5437e1: Preparing ece4f9fdef59: Preparing ad5345cbb119: Preparing ef68f6734aa4: Preparing denied: requested access to the resource is denied leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
4. search
命令解釋：從docker hub 中查找鏡像
參數：
--automated :只列出 automated build類型的鏡像；
--no-trunc :顯示完整的鏡像描述；
-s :列出收藏數不小於指定值的鏡像。
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker search nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 10502 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1483 [OK] richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 660 [OK] jrcs/letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion LetsEncrypt container to use with nginx as p… 450 [OK] kong Open-source Microservice & API Management la… 257 [OK] webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 118 [OK]
5、 本地鏡像管理
1. images
命令解釋：列出本地鏡像
參數
-a :列出本地全部的鏡像（含中間映像層，默認狀況下，過濾掉中間映像層）；
--digests :顯示鏡像的摘要信息；
-f :顯示知足條件的鏡像；
--format :指定返回值的模板文件；
--no-trunc :顯示完整的鏡像信息；
-q :只顯示鏡像ID。
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE leo v1 6ec4ef7718a8 5 hours ago 109MB nginx latest 568c4670fa80 10 days ago 109MB leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
2. tag
命令說明：標記本地鏡像，將其納入某一個倉庫
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker tag 6ec4ef7718a8 leoheng/leo:v1 leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker images leoheng/leo:v1 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE leoheng/leo v1 6ec4ef7718a8 5 hours ago 109MB leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
3. history
命令解釋：查看指定鏡像的建立歷史
參數：
-H :以可讀的格式打印鏡像大小和日期，默認爲true；
--no-trunc :顯示完整的提交記錄；
-q :僅列出提交記錄ID。
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker history leoheng/leo:v1 IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 6ec4ef7718a8 5 hours ago nginx -g daemon off; 108B leo commit nginx test 568c4670fa80 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL [SIGTERM] 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80/tcp 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx… 22B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && apt-get update && apt… 53.8MB <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=1.15.7.0.… 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.15.7-… 0B <missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B <missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B <missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:dab9baf938799c515… 55.3MB leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
4. build
命令解釋：用於Dockerfile建立鏡像
參數
--build-arg=[] :設置鏡像建立時的變量；
--cpu-shares :設置 cpu 使用權重；
--cpu-period :限制 CPU CFS週期；
--cpu-quota :限制 CPU CFS配額；
--cpuset-cpus :指定使用的CPU id；
--cpuset-mems :指定使用的內存 id；
--disable-content-trust :忽略校驗，默認開啓；
-f :指定要使用的Dockerfile路徑；
--force-rm :設置鏡像過程當中刪除中間容器；
--isolation :使用容器隔離技術；
--label=[] :設置鏡像使用的元數據；
-m :設置內存最大值；
--memory-swap :設置Swap的最大值爲內存+swap，"-1"表示不限swap；
--no-cache :建立鏡像的過程不使用緩存；
--pull :嘗試去更新鏡像的新版本；
--quiet, -q :安靜模式，成功後只輸出鏡像 ID；
--rm :設置鏡像成功後刪除中間容器；
--shm-size :設置/dev/shm的大小，默認值是64M；
--ulimit :Ulimit配置。
--tag, -t: 鏡像的名字及標籤，一般 name:tag 或者 name 格式；能夠在一次構建中爲一個鏡像設置多個標籤。
--network: 默認 default。在構建期間設置RUN指令的網絡模式
使用當前目錄的 Dockerfile 建立鏡像，標籤爲 runoob/ubuntu:v1。
docker build -t runoob/ubuntu:v1 .
使用URL github.com/creack/docker-firefox 的 Dockerfile 建立鏡像。
docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox
也能夠經過 -f Dockerfile 文件的位置：
docker build -f /path/to/a/Dockerfile .
在 Docker 守護進程執行 Dockerfile 中的指令前，首先會對 Dockerfile 進行語法檢查，有語法錯誤時會返回：
$ docker build -t test/myapp . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB Error response from daemon: Unknown instruction: RUNCMD
5. save
命令解釋：將指定鏡像保存成tar歸檔文件
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 96ddce20c551 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 hours ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker save -o nginx_leo_v1.tar nginx leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ ls nginx_leo_v1.tar nginx_leo_v1.tar leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
6. import
命令解釋：從歸檔文件中建立鏡像
參數
-c :應用docker 指令建立鏡像；
-m :提交時的說明文字；
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker import nginx_leo_v1.tar leoheng/leo:v1 sha256:7afc0a247e015d0984f67a8b694c7c8e8363138c7ca6e4c3c69b583c2322774e leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
7. rmi
命令解釋：刪除本地一個或多個鏡像
參數：
-f :強制刪除；
--no-prune :不移除該鏡像的過程鏡像，默認移除；
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE leoheng/leo v1 7afc0a247e01 About a minute ago 113MB nginx latest 568c4670fa80 10 days ago 109MB leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker rmi 7afc0a247e01 Untagged: leoheng/leo:v1 Deleted: sha256:7afc0a247e015d0984f67a8b694c7c8e8363138c7ca6e4c3c69b583c2322774e Deleted: sha256:c0b54e54ff0bfd2330f0a541c02bf5706674cc3d2b0c7899457a5d543acaacff leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
6、 查看docker版本信息
1. info
命令解釋：顯示docker系統信息，包括鏡像和容器數
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker info Containers: 1 Running: 1 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 2 Server Version: 18.09.0 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: extfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 468a545b9edcd5932818eb9de8e72413e616e86e runc version: 69663f0bd4b60df09991c08812a60108003fa340 init version: fec3683 Security Options: seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 4.9.125-linuxkit Operating System: Docker for Mac OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 2 Total Memory: 1.952GiB Name: linuxkit-025000000001 ID: 4CPI:PVLC:WBJL:QQPX:JP2X:B7RP:MGYE:SA7Y:ULC5:YOSL:RAYE:EMFD
2. version
命令解釋：顯示docker版本信息
參數：
-f :指定返回值的模板文件。
leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$ docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 18.09.0 API version: 1.39 Go version: go1.10.4 Git commit: 4d60db4 Built: Wed Nov 7 00:47:43 2018 OS/Arch: darwin/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 18.09.0 API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)+ Go version: go1.10.4 Git commit: 4d60db4 Built: Wed Nov 7 00:55:00 2018 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false leoheng-MacBook-Pro:~ leo$
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