Cobbler--自動化部署

時間 2019-11-08

原文原文鏈接

Cobbler自動化部署

cobbler簡介

Cobbler 能夠用來快速創建 Linux 網絡安裝環境，它已將Linux網絡安裝的技術門檻，從大專以上文化水平，成功下降到了初中水平，連補鞋匠都能學會。
網絡安裝服務器套件Cobbler（補鞋匠）從前，咱們一直在裝機民工這份頗有前途的職業。自打若干年前Red Hat推出了 Kickstart，此後咱們頓覺身價增倍。再也不須要刻了光盤一臺一臺的安裝Linux，只要搞定PXE、DHCP、TFTP，還有那滿屏眼花繚亂不知所云的Kickstart腳本，咱們就能夠像哈利波特同樣，輕點魔棒，瞬間安裝上百臺服務器。這一堆花裏胡哨的東西可不是通常人可以整明白的，沒有大專以上的學歷，通不過英語四級，根本別想玩轉。總而言之，這是一份多麼有前途，多麼有技術含量的工做啊。很不幸，Red Hat 最新（Cobbler項目最初在2008年左右發佈）發佈了網絡安裝服務器套件Cobbler（補鞋匠），它已將Linux網絡安裝的技術門檻，從大專以上文化水平，成功下降到初中如下水平，連補鞋匠都能學會。html

一、Cobbler是一個Linux服務器安裝的服務，能夠經過網絡啓動（PXE）的方式來快速安裝、重裝物理服務器和虛擬機，同時還能夠管理DHCP，DNS等。
二、Cobbler可使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基於Web的界面管理工具（cobbler-web），還提供了API接口，能夠方便二次開發使用。
三、Cobbler是較早前的kickstart的升級版，優勢是比較容易配置，還自帶web界面比較易於管理。
四、Cobbler內置了一個輕量級配置管理系統，但它也支持和其它配置管理系統集成，如Puppet。python

參考網站linux

cobbler官網git

Kickstart文件編寫參考github

cobbler對應關係

Cobbler的配置結構基於一組註冊的對象。每一個對象表示一個與另外一個實體相關聯的實體。當一個對象指向另外一個對象時，它就繼承了被指向對象的數據，並可覆蓋或添加更多特定信息。web

發行版(distros)：表示一個操做系統。它承載了內核和initrd的信息，以及內核參數等其餘數據。
配置文件(profiles)：包含一個發行版、一個kickstart文件以及可能的存儲庫，還包括更多特定的內核參數等其餘數據。
系統(systems)：表示要配給的機器。它包括一個配置文件或一個鏡像、IP和MAC地址、電源管理（地址、憑據、類型）以及更爲專業的數據等信息。
鏡像(images)：能夠替換一個保函不屑於此類別的文件的發行版對象（例如，沒法分爲內核和initrd的對象）。

cobbler集成的服務

PXE服務支持
DHCP服務管理
DNS服務管理
電源管理
Kickstart服務支持
YUM倉庫管理
TFTP
Apache

cobbler工做原理

Server端shell

啓動Cobbler服務
進行Cobbler錯誤檢查，執行cobbler check命令
進行配置同步，執行cobbler sync命令
複製相關啓動文件到TFTP目錄中
啓動DHCP服務，提供地址分配
DHCP服務分配IP地址
TFTP傳輸啓動文件
Server端接收安裝信息
Server端發送ISO鏡像與Kickstart文件

Client端vim

客戶端以PXE模式啓動
客戶端獲取IP地址
經過TFTP服務器獲取啓動文件
進入Cobbler安裝選擇界面
根據配置信息準備安裝系統
加載Kickstart文件
傳輸系統安裝的其它文件
進行安裝系統

cobbler安裝

說明：虛擬機網卡採用NAT模式或者僅主機模式，不要使用橋接模式，由於後面會搭建DHCP服務器，在同一個局域網多個DHCP服務會有衝突。
VMware的NAT模式的dhcp服務也關閉，避免干擾。centos

環境準備

# 關閉防火牆、selinux等
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@cobbler ~]# setenforce 0
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

安裝cobbler

# 配置epel源
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install epel-release

# 安裝cobbler及dhcp httpd xinetd cobbler-web
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web tftp-server dhcp httpd xinetd

# 啓動cobbler及httpd並加入開機啓動
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable httpd cobblerd

查看安裝後相關文件服務器

[root@cobbler ~]# rpm -ql cobbler
/etc/cobbler                  # 配置文件目錄
/etc/cobbler/settings         # cobbler主配置文件，這個文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python寫的程序。
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template    # DHCP服務的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template   # tftp服務的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/rsync.template   # rsync服務的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/iso              # iso模板配置文件目錄
/etc/cobbler/pxe              # pxe模板文件目錄
/etc/cobbler/power            # 電源的配置文件目錄
/etc/cobbler/users.conf       # Web服務受權配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest     # 用於web訪問的用戶名密碼配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服務的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf     # Cobbler模塊配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler              # Cobbler數據目錄
/var/lib/cobbler/config       # 配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts   # 默認存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders      # 存放的各類引導程序
/var/www/cobbler              # 系統安裝鏡像目錄
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror    # 導入的系統鏡像列表
/var/www/cobbler/images       # 導入的系統鏡像啓動文件
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  # yum源存儲目錄
/var/log/cobbler              # 日誌目錄
/var/log/cobbler/install.log  # 客戶端系統安裝日誌
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  # cobbler日誌

配置cobbler

檢查Cobbler的配置，若是看不到下面的結果，再次重啓cobbler

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

看到上面出現的問題，而後一個一個的進行解決，先進行設置爲能夠動態配置，也能夠直接更改配置文件。

# 設置能夠動態修改配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -ri '/allow_dynamic_settings:/c\allow_dynamic_settings: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@cobbler ~]# grep allow_dynamic_settings /etc/cobbler/settings 
allow_dynamic_settings: 1
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

逐個解決上面的問題

1. server
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=server --value=192.168.2.128

2. next_server
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=next_server --value=192.168.2.128

3. tftp_server
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -ri '/disable/c\disable = no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable xinetd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd

4. boot-loaders
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders

5. rsyncd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd

6. debmirror [optional]
# 這個是可選項的，能夠忽略。這裏就忽略了

7. pykickstart
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install pykickstart

8. default_password_crypted  #注意：這裏設置的密碼，也就是後面安裝完系統的初始化登陸密碼
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` 'admin'
$1$675f1d08$oJoAMVxdbdKHjQXbGqNTX0
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=default_password_crypted --value='$1$675f1d08$oJoAMVxdbdKHjQXbGqNTX0'

9. fencing tools [optional]
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install fence-agents

解決完成再次查看

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

配置DHCP

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=1

# 修改cobbler的dhcp模塊，不要直接修改dhcp自己的配置文件，由於cobbler會覆蓋
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
...
subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #這裏改成分配的網段和掩碼
     #option routers             192.168.1.5; #若是有網關，這裏改成網關地址
     #option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; #若是有DNS，這裏改成DNS地址
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0; #改成分配的IP的掩碼
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.2.100 192.168.2.254; #改成分配的IP的範圍
...

同步cobbler配置

同步cobbler配置，它會根據配置自動修改dhcp等服務。

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler rsync 
No such command: rsync
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-06-12_152623_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Jun 12 15:26:23 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/centos6.9-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos6.9-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: centos6.9-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos6.9-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos6.9-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: centos6.9-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos6.9-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos6.9-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for centos6.9-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: centos6.9-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

這時候建立一個新虛擬機能夠獲取到以下信息，沒有鏡像選擇，只能從本地啓動

cobbler命令幫助

命令	說明
cobbler check	覈對當前設置是否有問題
cobbler list	列出全部的cobbler元素
cobbler report	列出元素的詳細信息
cobbler sync	同步配置到數據目錄，更改配置最好都執行一下
cobbler reposync	同步yum倉庫
cobbler distro	查看導入的發行版系統信息
cobbler system	查看添加的系統信息
cobbler profile	查看配置信息

cobbler配置安裝centos6.x

因爲我這裏實在centos7系統上面配置的cobbler，因此上傳了一個centos6的鏡像並進行掛載。

1）建立掛載點，並進行掛載

[root@cobbler ~]# mkdir /centos6
[root@cobbler ~]# mount -o loop CentOS-6.9-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /centos6

2）查看掛載後的目錄

[root@cobbler ~]# ls /centos6/
CentOS_BuildTag  images                    repodata                       RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
EFI              isolinux                  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6           TRANS.TBL
EULA             Packages                  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
GPL              RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6

3）導入鏡像

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/centos6 --name=centos6.9 --arch=x86_64
# --path 鏡像路徑
# --name 爲安裝源定義一個名字
# --arch 指定安裝源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的選項有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安裝源的惟一標示就是根據name參數來定義，本例導入成功後，安裝源的惟一標示就是：centos6.9，若是重複，系統會提示導入失敗。

4）查看導入後鏡像信息

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro report --name=centos6.9-x86_64
Name                           : centos6.9-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos6.9-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel6
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

5）查看profile信息

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=centos6.9-x86_64
Name                           : centos6.9-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos6.9-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

6）copy一份profile文件(ks)，進行修改

[root@cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# ls
default.ks    install_profiles  sample_autoyast.xml  sample_esxi4.ks  sample.ks
esxi4-ks.cfg  legacy.ks         sample_end.ks        sample_esxi5.ks  sample_old.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg  pxerescue.ks      sample_esx4.ks       sample_esxi6.ks  sample.seed
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cp sample_end.ks centos6.ks

# 編輯centos6的kickstart文件
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# vim centos6.ks 
# This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7.
# For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file.
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# System timezone
timezone  Asia/ShangHai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree

# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500
part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 

# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# Reboot after installation
reboot


%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
@core
@base
tree
nmap
wget
lftp
lrzsz
telnet
%end

%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps

sed -ri "/^#UseDNS/c\UseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -ri "/^GSSAPIAuthentication/c\GSSAPIAuthentication no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
%end

7）編輯centos6鏡像所使用的kickstart文件

# 動態編輯指定使用新的kickstart文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.ks

# 驗證是否更改爲功
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=centos6.9-x86_64 |grep Kickstart
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.ks

8）再次同步cobbler配置

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync

9）新建虛擬機進行測試

選擇centos6.9進行安裝，會按照kickstart文件安裝並啓動

cobbler配置安裝centos7.x

我這裏cobbler服務器就是7的系統，因此直接掛載/dev/cdrom便可

1）建立掛載點，並進行掛載

[root@cobbler ~]# mkdir /centos7
[root@cobbler ~]# mount -o loop /dev/cdrom /centos7

2）查看掛載後的目錄

[root@cobbler ~]# ls /centos7/
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL

3）導入鏡像

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/centos7 --name=centos7.4 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2019-06-12_165812_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Jun 12 16:58:12 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64:
creating new distro: centos7.4-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos7.4-x86_64
creating new profile: centos7.4-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64 for centos7.4-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

4）查看導入後鏡像信息

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro report --name=centos7.4-x86_64
Name                           : centos7.4-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos7.4-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel7
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

5）查看profile信息

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=centos7.4-x86_64
Name                           : centos7.4-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos7.4-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

6）copy一份profile文件( ks )，進行修改,這裏直接copy上面6的了，而後修改修改便可

[root@cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cp centos6.ks centos7.ks

# 編輯centos7的kickstart文件
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# vim centos7.ks
# This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7.
# For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file.
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# System timezone
timezone  Asia/ShangHai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree

# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=xfs --size=500
part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048
part / --fstype=xfs --grow --size=200 

# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# Reboot after installation
reboot


%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
@core
@base
tree
nmap
wget
lftp
lrzsz
telnet
%end

%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps

sed -ri "/^#UseDNS/c\UseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -ri "/^GSSAPIAuthentication/c\GSSAPIAuthentication no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
%end

7）編輯centos7鏡像所使用的kickstart文件

# 動態編輯指定使用新的kickstart文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos7.4-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

# 驗證是否更改爲功
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=centos7.4-x86_64 |grep Kickstart
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

8）再次同步cobbler配置

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync

9）新建虛擬機進行測試

選擇centos7.4進行安裝便可

說明：在client端系統安裝時，能夠在cobbler服務端上查看日誌/var/log/messages，觀察安裝的每個流程

cobbler Web管理界面配置

web界面有不少功能，包括上傳鏡像、編輯kickstart、等等不少在命令行操做的均可以在web界面直接操做。
在上面已經安裝了cobbler-web軟件，訪問地址：https://IP/cobbler_web 便可。默認帳號爲cobbler，密碼也爲cobbler

修改密碼

/etc/cobbler/users.conf     #Web服務受權配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest   #用於web訪問的用戶名密碼

[root@cobbler ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest 
cobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3

# 設置密碼，在Cobbler組添加cobbler用戶，輸入2遍密碼確
[root@cobbler ~]# htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler
Changing password for user cobbler in realm Cobbler
New password: superman
Re-type new password: superman

# 同步配置並重啓httpd、cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

再次登陸即便用新設置的密碼登陸便可。

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