linux下數據庫雙向同步之mysql

時間 2020-07-19

標籤 linux 數據庫雙向同步 mysql 欄目 Linux 简体版

原文原文鏈接

環境：lamp 下搭建一個博客而後實現同步php

這裏：以wordpress爲例，進行實施html

具體操做以下：mysql

1、環境配置linux

1.自動獲取ip地址，虛擬機設置爲橋接c++

2.[root@gjpslave ~]# yum install wgetsql

#換成163的yum源：數據庫

cd /etc/yum.repos.dvim

mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.saveapi

wget mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo安全

#wget mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

sed -i 's/enabled=1/enabled=0/g' /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf

cat /dev/null > /var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt

yum clean all

yum makecache

3.yum -y install gcc* gcc-c++ rpm-build mysql* httpd* php* ppp openldap-devel lrzsz pam-devel wget net-snmp* ntp openssl* libgssapi* iptraf libtool-ltdl* libtool crontabs libpcap* flex byacc libpcap ncurses ncurses-devel automake autoconf libtool make traceroute wget scp openssh* setuptool mlocate pam.i686 openssl.i686 libgcrypt.i686 openssl098e.i686 glibc.i686 fping nload iftop iperf chkconfig unrar --skip-broken

yum -y update

4.系統安全

到dnspod.cn上爲新的服務器指定域名

hostname xx 命名主機名

#### security ###

arp -a|grep $(/sbin/route -n|awk '$1=="0.0.0.0"{print $2}')|awk '{print $2 " " $4}'|sed 's#(##g'|sed 's#)##g' > /etc/ethers && arp -f

echo "SELINUX=disabled" > /etc/sysconfig/selinux

echo "SELINUXTYPE=targeted" >> /etc/sysconfig/selinux

setenforce 0

echo "HISTSIZE=5" >> /root/.bash_profile

chkconfig --level 2345 hplip off

chkconfig --level 2345 rpcidmapd off

chkconfig --level 2345 cups off

chkconfig --level 2345 portmap off

chkconfig --level 2345 yum-updatesd off

chkconfig --level 2345 iptables off

chkconfig --level 2345 sendmail off

killall cupsd portmap rpc.statd

service iptables stop

service yum-updatesd stop

service sendmail stop

echo "Port 2121" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

echo "ClientAliveInterval 9999" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

service sshd restart

2、博客搭建 wordpress

wget http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.9-zh_CN.tar.gz

tar zxvf http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.9-zh_CN.tar.gz

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# ls

hsperfdata_root wordpress wordpress-3.9-zh_CN.tar.gz yum.log yum_save_tx-2013-08

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# cp -a wordpress/* /var/www/html/

[root@gjpmaster ~]# useradd -d /var/www/html/ -s /sbin/nologin gjpmaster

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.

Not copying any file from skel directory into it.

[root@gjpmaster ~]# passwd gjpmaster

Changing password for user gjpmaster.

New password: 123456

BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

mysql> create database gjpmaster;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> grant all on gjpmaster.* to gjpmaster@localhost identified by "gjpmaster321";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@gjpmaster ~]# mysql -u gjpmaster -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@gjpmaster html]# cp -a wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

[root@gjpmaster html]# vi wp-config.php

[root@gjpmaster html]# chmod 777 -R wp-content/

[root@gjpmaster html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Options -Indexes

RewriteEngine on

RewriteBase /

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]

</Directory>

[root@gjpmaster html]# service httpd restart

Stopping httpd: [ OK ]

Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for gjpmaster

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName

[ OK ]

前臺沒法進入：

[root@gjpmaster html]# vim wp-includes/template-loader.php

3、ftp用來給博客上傳下載東西

#安裝
yum -y install vsftpd
#修改配置文件
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#system

local_umask=022

pasv_enable=YES

connect_from_port_20=YES

local_enable=YES

write_enable=YES

use_localtime=YES

listen=YES

listen_port=21

#security

guest_enable=NO

pam_service_name=vsftpd

tcp_wrappers=YES

userlist_enable=YES

userlist_deny=NO

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

chroot_local_user=YES

#chroot_list_enable=YES

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#log

xferlog_enable=YES

xferlog_std_format=YES

xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

#anonymous

anonymous_enable=NO

#max_per_ip=13

#max_clients=50

#anon_world_readable_only=YES

#anon_other_write_enable=NO

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO

#anon_upload_enable=NO

no_anon_password=YES

#anon_max_rate=200000

#啓動ftp

service vsftpd restart

#容許匿名登錄

修改配置文件要有如下兩條

no_anon_password=YES

anonymous_enable=YES

增長anonymous至/etc/vsftpd/user_list

#增長用戶

兩種狀況一種是有指定的目錄分給指定的用戶如將/var/ftp分給用戶 wow 二是直接創建用戶目錄就是/home/用戶名

1.以將/var/ftp分配給wow爲例

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/ftp wow // /sbin/nologin 是安全配置意思是這個用戶沒法使用ssh登錄僅能使用ftp登錄 -d後面跟的是指定給此用戶的目錄

passwd wow //修改wow的用戶名

echo wow >> /etc/vsftpd/user_list 這裏必定要用>> 不然會清空裏面的原來存放的用戶名只有這個列表user_list內的用戶名能夠登錄ftp上傳文件因此每添加一個用戶名都要寫入此文件

2.創建一個test用戶能夠本身上傳或下載文件

usreadd -s /sbin/nologin test

passwd test

echo test >> /etc/vsftpd/user_list

3.若是服務器上有多個ftp 在使用ftp協議下載時只能有一個採用匿名的方式其它的都要帶帳號密碼好比說 ftp://123:123@sh02.lonlife.net/hehe.zip 還有另一種方式就是給用戶配置一個單獨的域名用於下載這時須要修改 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 增長以下並重啓http服務就行了

Options -Indexes

DocumentRoot "/old/home/bf2comcn" //ftp的目錄

ServerName ftp.bf2.com.cn 綁定的域名

ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/bf2comcn_err.log

CustomLog /var/log/httpd/bf2comcn.log combined

</VirtualHost>

上面是例子，操做以下：

從設備：

[root@gjpslave html]# yum install vsftpd -y

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# ls

ftpusers user_list vsftpd.conf vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# mv vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.bak

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf

-bash: vim: command not found

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart

Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]

Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/www/html/ gjpslave

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.

Not copying any file from skel directory into it.

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# passwd gjpslave

Changing password for user gjpslave.

New password: 123456

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# echo gjpslave >>/etc/vsftpd/user_list

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# chmod 755 -R /var/www/html/

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# chown gjpslave:gjpslave -R /var/www/html

後面將gjpslave仍是改成gjpmaster了

4、數據庫同步（單向）

從主站導入數據庫

[root@gjpmaster www]# /usr/bin/mysqldump -u root -p gjpmaster>/tmp/20140528.sql;

從站從主站下載：

[root@gjpslave vsftpd]# scp -rP 22 10.0.7.112:/tmp/20140528.sql /tmp/20140528.sql

root@10.0.7.112's password:

20140528.sql 100% 408KB 407.6KB/s 00:00

mysql> create database gjpmaster;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> use gjpmaster;

Database changed

mysql> source /tmp/20140528.sql;

Query OK, 18 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 18 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

同步好的數據

grant all on gjpmaster.* to gjpslave@localhost identified by "gjpmaster321";

因爲上面帳號設置成gjpslave 出錯了，改成gjpmaster 和主站的同樣，ok

開始同步數據庫:

grant replication slave on *.* to "gjpmaster"@"10.0.7.113" identified by "gjpmaster321";

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=1

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog-do-db=gjpmaster

binlog-ignore-db=mysql

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# service mysqld restart

Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]

Starting mysqld: [ OK ]

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# mysql -u root -p

mysql> show variables like 'server_id';

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| server_id | 1 |

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4、配置MySQL從服務器（192.168.21.129）的my.cnf文件

vi /etc/my.cnf #編輯配置文件，在[mysqld]部分添加下面內容

server-id=2 #設置服務器id，修改其值爲2，表示爲從數據庫

log-bin=mysql-bin #啓動MySQ二進制日誌系統，注意：若是原來的配置文件中已經有這一行，就不用再添加了。

replicate-do-db=osyunweidb #須要同步的數據庫名，若是有多個數據庫，可重複此參數，每一個數據庫一行

replicate-ignore-db=mysql #不一樣步mysql系統數據庫

read_only #設置數據庫只讀

:wq! #保存退出

service mysqld restart #重啓MySQL

mysql -u root -p #進入MySQL控制檯

show variables like 'server_id'; #查看server-id的值，必須爲上面設置的2，不然請返回修改配置文件

mysql> show variables like 'server_id';

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| server_id | 2 |

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> slave stop;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to master_host='10.0.7.112',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=106;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

change master to master_host='10.0.7.112',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=316;

mysql> slave start;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 10.0.7.112

Master_User: gjpmaster

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106

Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 251

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB: gjpmaster

Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106

Relay_Log_Space: 407

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

測試：

主設備建立個表test

mysql> CREATE TABLE test ( id int not null primary key,name char(20) );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

CREATE TABLE lzw( id int not null primary key,name char(18) );

從設備

發表文章也是如此

wordpress遷移到其餘服務器上 IP變更時候要修改如下信息.數據庫裏修改.

wp_options表:
siteurl 要改爲新的IPurl
wp_posts表:

update wp_posts set post_content=replace(post_content,'192.168.100.151','10.0.0.23')
update wp_posts set guid=replace(guid,'192.168.100.151','10.0.0.23')

這裏具體操做以下：

update wp_posts set post_content=replace(post_content,'10.0.7.112','10.0.7.113')
update wp_posts set guid=replace(guid,'10.0.7.112','10.0.7.113')

第一個域名是老域名第二個是新的

UPDATE wp_options SET option_value=replace(option_value,'http://10.0.7.113', 'http://10.0.7.112') WHERE option_name='home' OR option_name='siteurl';

在這裏，可安裝phpmyadmin 對數據庫進行管理

5、數據庫的雙向同步：

雙向參考： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/71593.htm

主站：

useradd backup passwd backup 123

mysql> grant file on *.* to backup@'10.0.7.113' identified by '123';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>flush privileges；

在slave上測試帳戶backup是否能夠訪問mster上的mysql：

#mysql -u backup -p -h 10.0.7.112（輸入密碼123，能夠訪問說明設置正確）

slave上也要創建帳號設密碼

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to "backup"@"10.0.7.113" identified by "123";

[root@gjpmaster ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=1

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog-do-db=gjpmaster

binlog-ignore-db=mysql

max-binlog-size=104857600

master-host=10.0.7.113

master-user=backup

master-password=123

master-port=3306

replicate-do-db=gjpmaster

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

user=mysql

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[root@gjpmaster tmp]# service mysqld restart

mysql> slave stop;

mysql> change master to master_host='10.0.7.113',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=478;

change master to master_host='10.0.0.139',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=11395;

mysql> slave start;

mysql> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 10.0.7.113

Master_User: gjpmaster

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 478

Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 251

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

從站：

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to "gjpmaster"@"10.0.7.112" identified by "gjpmaster321";

[root@gjpslave html]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=2

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog-do-db=gjpmaster

master-host=10.0.7.112

master-user=backup

master-password=123

master-port=3306

replicate-do-db=gjpmaster

#master-connect-retry=60

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

user=mysql

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

service mysqld restart

mysql> slave stop;

mysql> change master to master_host='10.0.7.112',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=316;

change master to master_host='10.0.0.139',master_user='gjpmaster', master_password='gjpmaster321',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=106;

mysql> slave start;

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 10.0.7.112

Master_User: gjpmaster

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 628

Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 563