接口自動化測試實例

時間 2019-11-21

原文原文鏈接

前言

本篇主要對舉例對國家氣象局接口自動化測試進行講解(Get請求及結果斷言)，以達到自動化測試入門目的，除了前兩篇的一些瞭解外，須要有必定的JAVA知識（HTTP相關）。

1 待測接口說明

1.國家氣象局天氣預報接口
例：北京市天氣

接口的址：http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101010100.html

請求方式：GET

請求結果：

{
    "weatherinfo": {
        "city": "北京",
        "cityid": "101010100",
        "temp1": "15℃",
        "temp2": "5℃",
        "weather": "多雲",
        "img1": "d1.gif",
        "img2": "n1.gif",
        "ptime": "08:00"
    }
}

2.測試目標

請求對應cityid代碼，返回的城市是不是預期城市。html

2 新建JAVA工程

1.工程結構說明

2.Common.java源碼

package findyou.Interface;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONException;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONObject;
public class Common {
    /**
     * 解析Json內容
     *
     * @author Findyou
     * @version 1.0 2015/3/23
     * @return JsonValue 返回JsonString中JsonId對應的Value
     **/
    public static String getJsonValue(String JsonString, String JsonId) {
        String JsonValue = "";
        if (JsonString == null || JsonString.trim().length() < 1) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject(JsonString);
            JsonValue = (String) obj1.getString(JsonId);
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return JsonValue;
    }
}

3.getCityWeathe.java源碼

package findyou.Interface;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
public class getCityWeather {
    private String url="";

    public String geturl() {
        return url;
    }

    public String getHttpRespone(String cityCode) throws IOException {
        String line = "";
        String httpResults = "";
        url=("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/"
                + cityCode + ".html");
        try {
            HttpURLConnection connection = URLConnection
                    .getConnection(url);
            DataOutputStream out = null;
            // 創建實際的鏈接
            connection.connect();
            out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream()));
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                httpResults = httpResults + line.toString();
            }
            reader.close();
            // 斷開鏈接
            connection.disconnect();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return httpResults;
    }
}

4.URLConnection.java源碼

package findyou.Interface;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLConnection {
    public static HttpURLConnection getConnection(String url){
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        try {
            // 打開和URL之間的鏈接
            URL postUrl = new URL(url);
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection();
             // 設置通用的請求屬性
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            connection.setUseCaches(false);
            connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return connection;
    }
}

3 編寫測試用例

1.測試用例(常見"二"通常的寫法)

package findyou.testcase;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.Reporter;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import findyou.Interface.Common;
import findyou.Interface.getCityWeather;
public class test {
    public String httpResult= null, weatherinfo= null, city=null,exp_city = null;
    public static String cityCode="";
    public static getCityWeather weather=new getCityWeather();

    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getShenZhen_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="深圳";
        cityCode="101280601";
        Reporter.log("【正經常使用例】:獲取"+exp_city+"天氣成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode);
        Reporter.log("請求地址: "+weather.geturl());
        Reporter.log("返回結果: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("用例結果: resultCode=>expected: " + exp_city + " ,actual: "+ city);
        Assert.assertEquals(city,exp_city);
    }

    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getBeiJing_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="北京";
        cityCode="101010100";
        Reporter.log("【正經常使用例】:獲取"+exp_city+"天氣成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode);
        Reporter.log("請求地址: "+weather.geturl());
        Reporter.log("返回結果: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("用例結果: resultCode=>expected: " + exp_city + " ,actual: "+ city);
        Assert.assertEquals(city,exp_city);
    }

    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getShangHai_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="上海";
        cityCode="101020100";
        Reporter.log("【正經常使用例】:獲取"+exp_city+"天氣成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode);
        Reporter.log("請求地址: "+weather.geturl());
        Reporter.log("返回結果: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("用例結果: resultCode=>expected: " + exp_city + " ,actual: "+ city);
        Assert.assertEquals(city,exp_city);
    }
}

2.簡化後的用例

如何返回值格式與請求格式固定，用例優化以下

package findyou.testcase;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.Reporter;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import findyou.Interface.Common;
import findyou.Interface.getCityWeather;
public class test {
    public String httpResult= null, weatherinfo= null, city=null,exp_city = null;
    public static String cityCode="";
    getCityWeather weather=new getCityWeather();

    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getShenZhen_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="深圳";
        cityCode="101280601";
        resultCheck(cityCode, exp_city);
    }

    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getBeiJing_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="北京";
        cityCode="101010100";
        resultCheck(cityCode, exp_city);
    }

    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getShangHai_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="上海";
        cityCode="101020100";
        resultCheck(cityCode, exp_city);
    }

    public void resultCheck(String cityCode_str, String exp_city_str) throws IOException{
        Reporter.log("【正經常使用例】:獲取"+exp_city_str+"天氣成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode_str);
        Reporter.log("請求地址: "+weather.geturl());
        Reporter.log("返回結果: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("用例結果: resultCode=>expected: " + exp_city_str + " ,actual: "+ city);
        Assert.assertEquals(city,exp_city_str);
    }
}