NSNotificationCenter是一種通知調度機制,容許向註冊的觀察者廣播信息。php
一個消息能夠被多個觀察者接收,一個觀察者也能夠接收多個消息。git
NSNotificationCenter只能在單個應用程序中傳遞通知;若是要將通知發佈到其餘進程或接收來自其餘進程的通知,請使用NSDistributedNotificationCenter(注意只在macOS 10.0+可使用,iOS中不可以使用)。github
通知三要素:通知名稱(name,必填)、發送者(object,可選)和內容(userInfo,可選)。這個就像是發郵件同樣,必定要指定郵件的主題(對應通知名稱),不然是不讓發送的。發送者和內容能夠不指定。swift
API中也指明瞭name屬性不能爲nil。bash
-(void)addObserver:(id)observer selector:(SEL)aSelector name:(nullable NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject; --(target方式)數據結構
當name爲空時,表示任意名稱的通知都訂閱。app
當object爲空時,表示任意發送者都通知都訂閱。less
當name和object都爲空時,表示訂閱全部通知,含系統通知,能夠經過此方法監聽到全部系統通知。post
當name和object都不爲空時,表示只訂閱指定通知名稱和發送者都通知。測試
-(id )addObserverForName:(nullable NSNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)obj queue:(nullable NSOperationQueue *)queue usingBlock:(void (^)(NSNotification *note))block --(block方式)
-(void)postNotification:(NSNotification *)notification;
建立NSNotification的正確姿式:
-(void)postNotificationName:(NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject; --(注意:name爲必填)
-(void)postNotificationName:(NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo;--(注意:name爲必填)
-(void)removeObserver:(id)observer;
observer必填字段,表示取消當前觀察者對象下的全部訂閱。
-(void)removeObserver:(id)observer name:(nullable NSNotificationName)aName object:(nullable id)anObject;
observer必填字段,表示當前觀察者對象。
name爲空,表示任何名字的通知都取消訂閱。
object爲空,表示任意發送者的通知都取消訂閱。
name和object都爲空,等同於-(void)removeObserver:(id)observer,表示取消當前觀察者對象中的全部訂閱。
name和object都不爲空,表示指定名稱和發送者的通知都取消訂閱。
官方文檔說明:
If your app targets iOS 9.0 and later or macOS 10.11 and later, you don't need to unregister an observer in its dealloc method. Otherwise, you should call removeObserver:name:object: before observer or any object passed to this method is deallocated.
就是說iOS 9.0之後,不須要在dealloc method中移除observer了,不然須要在dealloc中調用removeObserver:name:object:方法移除。
由於NSNotificationCenter持有block,而block持有observer(即當前ViewController),因此當前ViewController不能被釋放。
官方文檔說明:
The block is copied by the notification center and (the copy) held until the observer registration is removed.
也就是說,若是不手動移除的話,block就會一直存在。
驗證方式:
操做步驟:
一、ViewControllerA push -> ViewControllerB
二、ViewControllerB pop -> ViewControllerA
三、ViewControllerA發送通知
ViewControllerB viewDidLoad方法中add observer:
self.testObserver = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"TestName" object:nil queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] usingBlock:^(NSNotification * _Nonnull note) {
NSLog(@"note = %@", note);
}];
ViewControllerB dealloc方法中加入Log,觀察ViewControllerB是否正常釋放:
NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
ViewControllerA 點擊按鈕發送通知:
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"TestName" object:nil];
測試結果是:ViewControllerB釋放後,還能打印note,表示block沒有被釋放。
複製代碼
正確姿式:
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
self.testObserver = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"TestName" object:nil queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] usingBlock:^(NSNotification * _Nonnull note) {
__strong typeof(weakSelf) self = weakSelf;
if (!self) return;
//TODO 寫具體邏輯
}];
-(void)dealloc {
//必定要釋放
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self.testObserver];
}
複製代碼
www.gnustep.org/resources/d… 中下載GNUstep Base 1.26.0。 代碼比較簡單,配合如下核心數據結構圖自行閱讀便可。
nameless:哈希表,鍵爲object,值爲觀察者集合(鏈表存儲)。存儲的是全部只有object的觀察者信息。
name:哈希表,鍵爲name,值爲object的哈希表。存儲name不能空的全部觀察者信息。
wildcard:觀察者集合。存儲name和object都爲空的觀察者信息。
代碼比較簡單,自行閱讀便可。
JBNotificationCenter.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
typedef NSString* JBNotificationName;
@interface JBNotification : NSObject
+ (instancetype)notificationWithName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject;
+ (instancetype)notificationWithName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject
userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo;
@end
@interface JBNotificationCenter : NSObject
@property (class, readonly, strong) JBNotificationCenter *defaultCenter;
/**
添加觀察者
@param observer 觀察者
@param aSelector 回調方法
@param aName 通知名稱
@param anObject 通知關聯對象
*/
- (void)addObserver:(id)observer
selector:(SEL)aSelector
name:(nullable JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject;
/**
發送通知
@param notification 通知對象
*/
- (void)postNotification:(JBNotification *)notification;
/**
發送通知
@param aName 通知名稱
@param anObject 通知關聯對象
*/
- (void)postNotificationName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject;
/**
發送通知
@param aName 通知名稱
@param anObject 通知關聯對象
@param aUserInfo 參數
*/
- (void)postNotificationName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject
userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo;
/**
刪除觀察者
@param observer 觀察者
*/
- (void)removeObserver:(id)observer;
/**
刪除觀察者
@param observer 觀察者
@param aName 通知名稱
@param anObject 通知關聯對象
*/
- (void)removeObserver:(id)observer
name:(nullable JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject;
/**
添加觀察者
@param name 通知名稱
@param obj 通知關聯對象
@param queue 通知所屬隊列
@param block 回調
@return 擔任操做觀察者的隱藏對象
*/
- (id <NSObject>)addObserverForName:(nullable NSNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)obj queue:(nullable NSOperationQueue *)queue usingBlock:(void (^)(JBNotification *note))block;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
複製代碼
JBNotificationCenter.m
#import "JBNotificationCenter.h"
@interface JBNotificationReceiver : NSObject
@property(nonatomic, weak) id observer; //觀察者
@property(nonatomic, assign) SEL selector; //觀察者回調選擇器
@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;//通知名稱
@property(nonatomic, weak) id sender;//發送者
@end
@implementation JBNotificationReceiver
@end
@interface JBNotification ()
@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic, strong) id object;
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSDictionary *userInfo;
@end
@implementation JBNotification
+ (instancetype)notificationWithName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject {
return [self notificationWithName:aName object:anObject userInfo:nil];
}
+ (instancetype)notificationWithName:(JBNotificationName)aName
object:(nullable id)anObject
userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)aUserInfo {
JBNotification *notification = [[JBNotification alloc] init];
notification.name = aName;
notification.object = anObject;
notification.userInfo = aUserInfo;
return notification;
}
- (NSString *)description {
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %p {name = %@; object = %@}",self.class,self, self.name, self.object];
}
@end
typedef void (^JBNotificationBlock)(JBNotification *note);
@interface JBBlockNotificationObserver : NSObject
@property(nonatomic, weak) NSOperationQueue *queue;
@property(nonatomic, copy) JBNotificationBlock block;
- (id) initWithQueue: (NSOperationQueue *)queue block: (JBNotificationBlock)block;
@end
@implementation JBBlockNotificationObserver
- (id) initWithQueue: (NSOperationQueue *)queue block: (JBNotificationBlock)block {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.queue = queue;
self.block = block;
}
return self;
}
- (void) didReceiveNotification: (JBNotification *)note {
if (self.queue && self.queue != NSOperationQueue.currentQueue) {
[self.queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
self.block(note);
}];
[self.queue waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished];
} else {
self.block(note);
}
}
@end
@interface JBNotificationCenter ()
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray<JBNotificationReceiver *> *observers;
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSLock *observerLock;
@end
@implementation JBNotificationCenter
+ (instancetype)defaultCenter {
static id instance = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
instance = [[self alloc] init];
});
return instance;
}
- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.observers = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:0];
self.observerLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
}
return self;
}
/**
添加觀察者
@param observer 觀察者
@param aSelector 回調方法
@param name 通知名稱
@param object 通知關聯對象
*/
- (void)addObserver:(id)observer
selector:(SEL)aSelector
name:(nullable JBNotificationName)name
object:(nullable id)object {
//參數的校驗
if (observer == nil)
[NSException raise: NSInvalidArgumentException
format: @"Nil observer passed to addObserver ..."];
if (aSelector == 0)
[NSException raise: NSInvalidArgumentException
format: @"Null selector passed to addObserver ..."];
if ([observer respondsToSelector: aSelector] == NO){
[NSException raise: NSInvalidArgumentException
format: @"[%@-%@] Observer '%@' does not respond to selector '%@'",
NSStringFromClass([self class]), NSStringFromSelector(_cmd),
observer, NSStringFromSelector(aSelector)];
}
[self.observerLock lock];
JBNotificationReceiver *notificationReceiver = [[JBNotificationReceiver alloc] init];
notificationReceiver.observer = observer;
notificationReceiver.selector = aSelector;
notificationReceiver.name = name;
notificationReceiver.sender = object;
[self.observers addObject:notificationReceiver];
[self.observerLock unlock];
}
/**
添加觀察者
@param name 通知名稱
@param object 通知關聯對象
@param queue 通知所屬隊列
@param block 回調
@return 擔任操做觀察者的隱藏對象
*/
- (id <NSObject>)addObserverForName:(nullable NSNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)object queue:(nullable NSOperationQueue *)queue usingBlock:(void (^)(JBNotification *note))block {
[self.observerLock lock];
JBNotificationReceiver *notificationReceiver = [[JBNotificationReceiver alloc] init];
JBBlockNotificationObserver *observer = [[JBBlockNotificationObserver alloc] initWithQueue:queue block:block];
notificationReceiver.observer = observer;
notificationReceiver.selector = @selector(didReceiveNotification:);
notificationReceiver.name = name;
notificationReceiver.sender = object;
[self.observers addObject:notificationReceiver];
[self.observerLock unlock];
return observer;
}
/**
發送通知
@param name 通知名稱
@param object 通知關聯對象
*/
- (void)postNotificationName:(JBNotificationName)name object:(nullable id)object {
[self postNotificationName:name object:object userInfo:nil];
}
/**
發送通知
@param name 通知名稱
@param object 通知關聯對象
@param userInfo 參數
*/
- (void)postNotificationName:(JBNotificationName)name
object:(nullable id)object
userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)userInfo {
JBNotification *notification = [JBNotification notificationWithName:name object:object userInfo:userInfo];
[self postNotification:notification];
}
/**
發送通知
@param notification 通知對象
*/
- (void)postNotification:(JBNotification *)notification {
//查找符合條件的observer
[self.observerLock lock];
NSMutableArray<JBNotificationReceiver *> *sendTo = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (JBNotificationReceiver *receiver in self.observers) {
if ((receiver.name == nil || [receiver.name isEqualToString:notification.name])
&&(receiver.sender == nil || [receiver.sender isEqual:notification.object])) {
[sendTo addObject:receiver];
}
}
[self.observerLock unlock];
NSMutableArray<JBNotificationReceiver *> *delete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (JBNotificationReceiver *receiver in sendTo) {
if (receiver.observer) {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
[receiver.observer performSelector:receiver.selector withObject:notification];
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
} else {
[delete addObject:receiver];
}
}
[self.observerLock lock];
[self.observers removeObjectsInArray:delete];
[self.observerLock unlock];
}
/**
刪除觀察者
@param observer 觀察者
*/
- (void)removeObserver:(id)observer {
[self removeObserver:observer name:nil object:nil];
}
/**
刪除觀察者
@param observer 觀察者
@param name 通知名稱
@param object 通知關聯對象
*/
- (void)removeObserver:(id)observer
name:(nullable JBNotificationName)name
object:(nullable id)object {
[self.observerLock lock];
NSMutableArray<JBNotificationReceiver *> *keep = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (JBNotificationReceiver *receiver in self.observers) {
//通知對象不同,留下
if (receiver.observer != nil && receiver.observer != observer) {
[keep addObject:receiver];
continue;
}
//通知對象同樣的狀況下,當前名稱不爲空,且名稱不同,留下
if (name != nil && ![name isEqualToString:receiver.name]) {
[keep addObject:receiver];
continue;
}
//通知名稱同樣的狀況下,當前sender不爲空,且發送者不同,留下
if (object != nil && receiver.observer != object) {
[keep addObject:receiver];
}
}
self.observers = keep;
[self.observerLock unlock];
}
@end
複製代碼