優化LNMP架構採用「Website Baker」爲小型公司建立高性能網站方案

時間 2021-05-12

標籤 javascript php css html java node mysql linux nginx c++ 欄目 PHP 简体版

原文原文鏈接

參考圖片：

1、安裝部署各類軟件:
1.系統環境:
硬件:HP 360G4/2G
System:Centos 5.4
Web:nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz
FastCGI:php-5.3.8.tar.gz
DB:mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
2. 安裝編譯環境
#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake openssl-devel zlib-devel pcre-devel //pcre讓nginx支持正則
#yum -yt groupinstall "Developement Tools" "Development Libraries"

1.編譯安裝mysql
//a.編譯安裝mysql的優勢：源碼包的默認編譯參數默認以dubgu模式）給mysql的性能帶來很大的損失，
// 此處使用 --without-debug參數禁用debug模式
//b.以靜態方式編譯（比動態方式提升5%-10%的性能）
// 此處使用 --with-mysqld-ldflgs=--all-staic 和 --with-client-ldflds=--all-staic參數
//c.使用unix套接字連接提升7.5%性能
// 此處使用--with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
//d.容許使用匯編模式
// 此處使用 --enable-assembler (優化性能)
//e.至於 --pgcc 目前沒有在生產上使用過（聽說能夠提升1%）
//f.編譯安裝，能夠在同一臺服務器上安裝多個mysql（前提要保證存放位置、sock不一樣）
#groupadd mysql                             //爲mysql建立用戶組
#useradd -g mysql mysql                     //將mysql用戶添加到mysql組中
#tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.5.3-m3
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/mysql \
--without-debug \                           //取消debug模式編譯
--enable-assembler \
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static \
--with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock \
--with-extra-charsets=utf8,gbk

//若是沒有問題則會顯示
// Thank you for choosing MySQL!
// 如下時間將爲很長，請爲mysql建立配置文件或數據目錄
#make && make install                           //若是編譯安裝沒有問題則NEXT
#chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql
#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql          //修改安裝目錄的用戶和用戶組爲mysql
#mkdir -pv /mysql_data/{data,binlog,relaylog}   //爲mysql提供數據存放目錄
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db \        //推薦是用其它新分區，避免IO重讀/分區
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/mysql_data --user=mysql
----------------------------------------------
//建立並優化my.cnf文件
#vi /mysql_data/my.cnf                            //建立後保存
[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port    = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mysql_data/data
log-error = /mysql_data/mysql.error.log
pid-file = /mysql_data/mysql.pid
skip-locking                                    //避免mysql外部鎖定
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 384                                  //推薦小於512
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /mysql_data/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /mysql_data/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /mysql_data/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /mysql_data/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M            //索引緩衝區爲256M 或（4G內存可512M）
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve //避免作DNS 解析，提供IP地址鏈接

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

#######################################
2.漫長的等待後啓動mysql(SysV格式的腳本見附件）
#/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql start
//管理mysql並修改密碼和給新用戶建立權限
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
enter password: <Enter>              //默認爲空
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p paswword 'hanfeng' //建立新密碼爲hanfeng
--------------------------------------------------
3.編譯安裝PHP
// 爲PHP安裝事件觸發網絡庫
#tar zxvf libevent-2.0.15-stable.tar.gz
#cd libevent-2.0.15-stable
#./configure && make && make install
// 爲PHP安裝字符編碼轉換
#tar zxvf libconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
#cd libconv-1.13.1
#./configure && make && make install
// 安裝FastCGIのPHP
// 此處採用
#tar zxvf php-5.3.8.tar.gz
#cd php-5.3.8
#./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \                                 //必定要有
--with-libevent-dir=/usr/local/lib \ //2012年9月24日取消該參數
--enable-mbstring \
--disable-debug \                              //取消掉debug，爲增長性能
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
--------------------------------------------------
4.隨後將會看到
// Thank you for using PHP
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib/libiconv.so.2        //作個鏈接防止make時缺乏libiconv.so.2
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/local/libiconv.so.2
#make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'                                   //iconv庫問題
5.漫長時間後將會看到
// Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test'
#make install
#cp php-5.3.8/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

//新增說明：2011-12-01

//隱藏php版本信息，將 php.ini中

// expose_php = On 改成 expose_php = Off 重啓php-fpm便可

#cp /usr/local/php-5.3.8/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php-5.3.8/etc/php-fpm.conf
#vi /usr/local/php-5.3.8/etc/php-fpm.conf 修改並保存
// 開啓如下幾項
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
6. 使用nohup在後臺啓動 php-fpm 爲防止tty終端關閉致使php-fpm 掛掉！推薦生產環境使用nohup將命令放於後臺運行
#nohup /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm &
[1] 18198
nohup: appending output to `nohup.out'
[1]+ Done    nohup /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
//將命令加到開始啓動
#echo "nohup /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm & > /dev/null" >> /etc/rc.local
--------------------------------------------------
7.編譯安裝nginx
#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx       //添加nginx用戶
#tar zxvf nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz
#cd nginx-1.1.6
#./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \                             //安裝路徑
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \                           //可執行文件路徑
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \                     //最好定義到/etc下
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \                  //pid文件存放位置，後面管理時將會用到
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module \                        //以取得一些網頁的運行狀態
--with-http_ssl_module \                                //支持https加密鏈接
--with-http_gzip_static_module \                        //靜態緩存、壓縮模塊
--with-http_realip_module \                            //讓nginx透明獲取客戶端IP
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \   //指定http客戶端請求緩存文件存放目錄
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \          //指定http反向代理緩存文件存放目錄
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/           //指定FastCGI緩存文件存放目錄
#make && make install                                     //安裝nginx

--------------------------------------------------

8.//爲nginx增長fastcgi_params 文件
#vi /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf    //修改後保存
// 將裏面內容替換爲
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
##########################################

更新說明：2011-11-23

// 什麼緣由就不解釋了，不能歸咎與nginx ，因PHP PATH_INFO問題！

// 只採用方便的方式

// 在 fcgi.conf文件開頭，添加一下內容，便於多個虛擬主機引用！

if ($request_filename ~* (.*)\.php) {
    set $php_url $1;
}
if (!-e $php_url.php) {
    return 403;
}
##########################################
9.爲nginx 優化linux內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf                  // 增長一下內容，並是修改生效
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw.reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
##########################################
#sysctl -p                           //使其及時生效

--------------------------------------------------
10.編寫SystemV風格的啓動腳本（可在本文附件下載後直接使用）
//若是須要請參考: http://linuxxx.blog.51cto.com/1824808/705590 有關nginxd腳本的編寫
//使用說明，保存nginxd腳本,賦予執行權限，添加服務和開機啓動
#chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginxd
#chkconfig --add nginxd
// 若是不支持，則添加一下2行便可
// # chkconfig: - 85 15                #爲必須字符
// # description: nginx is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve
#chkconfig --level 2345 nginxd on
11.第一次啓動nginx
#service nginxd start    //沒問題的話就顯示，也會看到Welcome to nginx!
Starting nginx: [ OK ]
在XP客戶端訪問一下 http://192.168.10.11   //服務器地址
--------------------------------------------------
12.優化配置nginx.conf 文件
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes 8;                       //個人服務器爲雙核雙線程

pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; //PID 存在位置，和啓用nginx.pid管理

events {
use epoll; //使用的網絡IO模型，CeotOs或REAL推薦使用epoll
worker_connections 1024; //容許的鏈接數
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format mylog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
                       //mylog爲自定義log_format的name,log_format用於定義log的格式
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 60; //鏈接保持時間

    gzip on;                           //開啓gzip壓縮，爲客戶端訪問節省更大的帶寬，提升訪問速度
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;                 //安裝原數據8K爲單位的4倍申請內存
    gzip_http_version 1.1;             //http版本信息，目前爲1.0和1.1
    gzip_comp_level 4;                 //gzip 壓縮比（與CPU處理速度相反）
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_vary on;

    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name www.abc.com;
        access_log logs/abc.access.log mylog;   //用到了mylog，將日誌定義爲log_format格式

        location / {
            root   /usr/local/nginx/html/abc;
            index index.php index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page 404 = /404.html;           //當訪問不存在的頁面時，提示用戶從新訪問主頁
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        error_page   500 502 503 504 /usr/local/nginx/50x/50x.html; //各類錯誤頁面
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;                               //fastcgi 索引頁格式
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name www.abcd.com;
        access_log logs/abcd.access.log mylog;
        location / {
            root /usr/local/nginx/html/abcd;
            index index.php index.html index.htm;
            error_page 404 = /404.html;
            error_page   500 502 503 504 /usr/local/nginx/50x/50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {

            root   html;
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root   /usr/local/nginx/html/abcd/wb;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
        }
    }
}
############### This is nginx.conf ###############

更正說明：2011-11-30

// 若是php-5.3.8 與nginx 1.1.6中

// 不能訪問php頁面

//將nginx.conf中 include fastcgi_params;

//改成 include fastcgi.conf ;

//並將 fastcgi.conf 存放在/etc/nginx/conf目錄下，重啓nginx和php

新功能增長說明： 2011-12-01

//隱藏nginx 版本

// 在nginx.conf 中只需增長server_tokens off; 便可

// http {
//......省略配置
//sendfile on;
//tcp_nopush on;
//keepalive_timeout 60;
//tcp_nodelay on;
//server_tokens off; // 新增參數
.......省略配置
}

--------------------------------------------------
13.使用PID信號來控制管理nginx進程
// pid 存放位置 /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
// kill - 信號類型 cat `/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
// 信號類型說明
// TERM,INT 快速關閉nginx ，如以此kill掉8個進程是否是很悲劇
// OUT 從容關閉
// HUP 平滑重啓,從新加載配置文件
// USR1 從新打開日誌文件，在自動切割日誌時比較使用
// USR2 平滑升級可執行程序
// WINCH 從容關閉進程,對於線上的nginx新舊版本更換

// 針對與上文的nginx.conf 修改此處使用HUP信號來控制
#kill -HUP cat `/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid` //讓修改當即生效
14.訪問簡單測試測試頁面
#vi /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

15.測試訪問數據庫
<?php
$link=mysql_connect("localhost","root","hanfeng");
if(!$link) echo "ERROR!";
else echo "OK!";
phpinfo();
?>
--------------------------------------------------
2、安裝「Website Baker」
1.安裝部署Website Baker
// 採用nginx的虛擬主機爲企業N個域名作網站部署
#unzip WebsiteBaker_2.8*.zip
#mv WebsiteBaker_2.8* /usr/local/nginx/html/abc
#cp -r /usr/local/nginx/html/abc /usr/local/nginx/html/abcd
#cd /usr/local/nginx/html/abc
#cp wb/modules/fckeditor/fckeditor/editor/filemanager/connectors/php/config.php ./
#cp config.php ../abcd/wb/
#chmod 777 /usr/local/nginx/html/abc
#chmod 777 /usr/local/nginx/html/abcd
2.爲Website Baker的建立數據庫用戶
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON abc.* TO 'abc'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'hanfeng';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON abcd.* TO 'abcd'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'hanfeng';
mysql>flush privileges;
3.經過瀏覽器訪問並install 和admin

IE: http://www.abcd.com/install 安裝 (abc.com同理)

//如下僅有圖片提供