需求
如今咱們有這樣一個需求~咱們的商城裏有不少的商品~~節日要來了~咱們要搞活動~~python
那麼咱們就要設計優惠券~~優惠券都有什麼類型呢~~滿減的~折扣的~立減的~~django
咱們對應着咱們活動類型~對咱們的某類商品設計優惠券~~好比~~app
家電是一類商品~~食物是一類商品~那麼咱們能夠設計家電折扣優惠券~~以及食物滿減優惠券等~post
那麼咱們看錶結構怎麼設計~~ui
# by gaoxin
from
django.db
import
models
class
Appliance(models.Model):
"""
家用電器表
id name
1 冰箱
2 電視
3 洗衣機
"""
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
64
)
class
Food(models.Model):
"""
食物表
id name
1 麪包
2 牛奶
"""
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
class
Fruit(models.Model):
"""
水果表
id name
1 蘋果
2 香蕉
"""
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
class
Coupon(models.Model):
"""
優惠券表
id name appliance_id food_id fruit_id
1 通用優惠券 null null null
2 冰箱折扣券 1 null null
3 電視折扣券 2 null null
4 蘋果滿減卷 null null 1
我每增長一張表就要多增長一個字段
"""
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
appliance
=
models.ForeignKey(to
=
"Appliance"
, null
=
True
, blank
=
True
)
food
=
models.ForeignKey(to
=
"Food"
, null
=
True
, blank
=
True
)
fruit
=
models.ForeignKey(to
=
"Fruit"
, null
=
True
, blank
=
True
)<br>
# 實際上咱們商品的種類會特別的多,致使咱們這張表外鍵愈來愈多
|
遇到這種一張表要跟多張表進行外鍵關聯的時候~咱們Django提供了ContentType組件~url
ContentType組件
ContentType是Django的內置的一個應用,能夠追蹤項目中全部的APP和model的對應關係,並記錄在ContentType表中。spa
當咱們的項目作數據遷移後,會有不少django自帶的表,其中就有django_content_type表,咱們能夠去看下~~~設計
ContentType組件應用:rest
-- 在model中定義ForeignKey字段,並關聯到ContentType表,一般這個字段命名爲content-type
-- 在model中定義PositiveIntergerField字段, 用來存儲關聯表中的主鍵,一般咱們用object_id
-- 在model中定義GenericForeignKey字段,傳入上面兩個字段的名字
-- 方便反向查詢能夠定義GenericRelation字段
代碼以下:
# by gaoxin
from
django.db
import
models
from
django.contrib.contenttypes.models
import
ContentType
from
django.contrib.contenttypes.fields
import
GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation
class
Appliance(models.Model):
"""
家用電器表
id name
1 冰箱
2 電視
3 洗衣機
"""
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
64
)
coupons
=
GenericRelation(to
=
"Coupon"
)
class
Food(models.Model):
"""
食物表
id name
1 麪包
2 牛奶
"""
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
class
Fruit(models.Model):
"""
水果表
id name
1 蘋果
2 香蕉
"""
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
class
Coupon(models.Model):
"""
優惠券表
id name appliance_id food_id fruit_id
1 通用優惠券 null null null
2 冰箱折扣券 1 null null
3 電視折扣券 2 null null
4 蘋果滿減卷 null null 1
我每增長一張表就要多增長一個字段
"""
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
# appliance = models.ForeignKey(to="Appliance", null=True, blank=True)
# food = models.ForeignKey(to="Food", null=True, blank=True)
# fruit = models.ForeignKey(to="Fruit", null=True, blank=True)
# 第一步
content_type
=
models.ForeignKey(to
=
ContentType)
# 第二步
object_id
=
models.PositiveIntegerField()
# 第三步
content_object
=
GenericForeignKey(
'content_type'
,
'object_id'
)
|
數據遷移後~添加數據~咱們看下增刪改查的操做~~
基本的使用~
from
django.http
import
HttpResponse
from
rest_framework.views
import
APIView
from
rest_framework.response
import
Response
from
django.contrib.contenttypes.models
import
ContentType
from
.models
import
Appliance, Coupon
# Create your views here.
class
Test(APIView):
def
get(
self
, request):
# 經過ContentType得到表名
content
=
ContentType.objects.
filter
(app_label
=
"app01"
, model
=
"appliance"
).first()
# 得到表model對象 至關於models.Applicance
model_class
=
content.model_class()
ret
=
model_class.objects.
all
()
# 爲海爾冰箱建立一條優惠記錄
ice_box
=
Appliance.objects.
filter
(
id
=
1
).first()
Coupon.objects.create(name
=
"海爾冰箱折扣券"
, content_object
=
ice_box)
# 查詢優惠券id=1綁定了哪一個商品
coupon_obj
=
Coupon.objects.
filter
(
id
=
1
).first()
goods_obj
=
coupon_obj.content_object
print
(goods_obj.name)
# 查詢海爾冰箱的全部優惠券 id=1
# 咱們定義了反向查詢
results
=
ice_box.coupons.
all
()
print
(results[
0
].name)
# 若是沒定義反向查詢
content
=
ContentType.objects.
filter
(app_label
=
"app01"
, model
=
"appliance"
).first()
result
=
Coupon.objects.
filter
(content_type
=
content, object_id
=
1
).
all
()
print
(result[
0
].name)
return
HttpResponse(ret)
|