大於2T硬盤分區及格式化之Parted

一般咱們用的比較多的通常都是fdisk工具來進行分區,可是如今因爲磁盤愈來愈廉價,並且磁盤空間愈來愈大;而fdisk工具他對分區是有大小限制的,它只能劃分小於2T的磁盤。可是如今的磁盤空間不少都已是遠遠大於2T了,甚至達到2.5T和3T,那要怎麼辦能,有兩個方法,其一是經過卷管理來實現,其二就是經過咱們今天談到的Parted工具來實現對GPT磁盤進行分區操做。app

  GPT格式的磁盤至關於原來MBR磁盤中原來保留4個partition table的4*16個字節,只留第一個16個字節,相似於擴展分區,真正的partitiontable在512字節以後,GPT磁盤沒有四個主分區的限制。工具

  一、 Parted工具詳解:oop

  1.1 進入Parted的方法(在命令行輸入Parted命令便可)ui

  [root@jetsen ~]# partetthis

  Warning: Unable to open/dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system)。 /dev/hdc has been.net

  opened read-only.命令行

  GNU Parted 1.8.1orm

  Using /dev/hdctoken

  Welcome to GNU Parted! Type'help' to view a list of commands.ip

  (parted)

  1.2 獲取parted工具幫助的方法:(只需輸入help便可)

  (parted) help

  check NUMBER do a simple checkon the file system

  cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition

  help [COMMAND] prints general help,or help on COMMAND

  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel(partition table)

  mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE filesystem on partititon

  NUMBER

  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition

  mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system

  move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER

  name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBERas NAME

  print [free|NUMBER|all] display the partition table,a partition, or

  all devices

  quit exit program

  rescue START END rescue a lostpartition near START and END

  resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER andits file system

  rm NUMBER deletepartition NUMBER

  select DEVICE choose the deviceto edit

  set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG onpartition NUMBER

  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG onpartition NUMBER

  unit UNIT set the defaultunit to UNIT

  version displays thecurrent version of GNU Parted

  and copyright information

  (parted)

  或

  [root@jetsen ~]# parted--help

  Usage: parted [OPTION]…[DEVICE [COMMAND [PARAMETERS]…]…]

  Apply COMMANDs withPARAMETERS to DEVICE. If no COMMAND(s)are given, run in

  interactive mode.

  OPTIONs:

  -h, --help displays this help message

  -i, --interactive where necessary, prompts for userintervention

  -l, --list lists partition tables ofall detected devices

  -s, --script never prompts for userintervention

  -v, --version displays the version

  COMMANDs:

  check NUMBER do a simple checkon the file system

  cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition

  help [COMMAND] prints general help,or help on COMMAND

  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel(partition table)

  mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE filesystem on partititon NUMBER

  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition

  mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system

  move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER

  name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBERas NAME

  print [free|NUMBER|all] display the partition table, apartition, or all devices

  quit exitprogram

  rescue START END rescue a lostpartition near START and END

  resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER andits file system

  rm NUMBER deletepartition NUMBER

  select DEVICE choose the deviceto edit

  set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG onpartition NUMBER

  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG onpartition NUMBER

  unit UNIT set the defaultunit to UNIT

  version displays thecurrent version of GNU Parted and copyright information

  [root@jetsen ~]#

  1.3 退出parted工具(只需輸入quit便可)

  (parted) quit

  Information: Don't forget toupdate /etc/fstab, if necessary.

  而且同時會提示及時更新/etc/fstab文件

  二、 開始經過parted工具來對磁盤進行操做

  2.1 查看單個磁盤狀態

  [root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdb

  GNU Parted 1.8.1

  Using /dev/sdb

  Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

  (parted) p

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB

  Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table:msdos

  Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

  1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3

  (parted)

  2.2 查看全部磁盤狀態

  [root@jetsen ~]#parted -l

  Warning: Unable toopen /dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system)。 /dev/hdc has been

  opened read-only.

  Error: Unable toopen /dev/hdc - unrecognised disk label.

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sda:21.5GB

  Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table:msdos

  Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

  1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot

  2 107MB 21.5GB 21.4GB primary lvm

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB

  Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table:msdos

  Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

  1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sdc:16.1GB

  Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table:loop

  Number Start End Size File system Flags

  1 0.00kB 16.1GB 16.1GB ext3

  Error: Unable toopen /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label.

  Error: Unable toopen /dev/sde - unrecognised disk label.

  Error: Unable toopen /dev/md0 - unrecognised disk label.

  2.2 經過parted工具來建立大於2T的分區

  [root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sde

  GNU Parted 1.8.1 ---Parted的軟件版本號

  Using /dev/sde ---將執行下面操做盤

  Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. –歡迎信息

  (parted) mklabel ----建立建立磁盤標籤

  New disk labeltype? gpt

  (parted) p ----查看分區狀態

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sde:2190GB

  Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table:gpt

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

  (parted) mkpart

  Partition name? []? gpt2t ---指定分區名稱

  File system type? [ext2]ext3 ----指定分區類型

  Start? 1 ---指定開始位置

  End? 2190GB ---指定結束位置

  (parted) P ----顯示分區信息

  Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table: gpt

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

  1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t

  (parted) Q ---退出

  Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. -----提示不要忘記更新/etc/fstab文件

  2.3 經過parted工具來實現單磁盤多分區

  [root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdd

  GNU Parted 1.8.1

  Using /dev/sdd

  Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

  (parted) p ---列出分區信息

  Error:Unable to open /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label. ----因爲沒有打上磁盤標籤,因此表現信息沒法列出

  (parted)mklabel ----建立磁盤標籤

  New disk labeltype? gpt ---輸入磁盤表情名

  (parted) p ----再次列出磁盤分區

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi) ---顯示磁盤類型爲SCSI磁盤

  Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB ---磁盤大小爲1100GB

  Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B ---扇區大小爲512B

  Partition Table:gpt ----顯示標籤名爲我剛纔輸入的標籤名稱

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----如今是一新硬盤尚未建立分區

  (parted)mkpart ---建立分區

  Partitionname? []? part1 ---指定分區名稱

  File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定義分區類型

  Start? 1G ---指定起始位置

  End? 10G ----指定終止位置

  (parted)mkpart ---建立分區

  Partitionname? []? part2 ---指定分區名稱

  File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定義分區類型

  Start? 11G ---指定起始位置

  End? 100G ---指定終止位置

  (parted)mkpart

  Partitionname? []? part3

  File systemtype? [ext2]?

  Start? 101G ----指定分區其實位置

  End? -1 ----指定到分區最後

  (parted) p ----顯示分區信息

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB

  Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B

  Partition Table:gpt

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ---查看到下面共有三個分區

  1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1

  2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2

  3 100GB 1100GB 1000GB part3

  (parted) rm 3 ------刪除分區3

  (parted) p ------再次查看分區狀態

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB

  Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table:gpt

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----顯示分區刪除成功,只剩下兩個分區

  1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1

  2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2

  (parted) quit

  Information: Don'tforget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

  [root@jetsen ~]#ls -l /dev/sdd*

  brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 48 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd

  brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 49 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd1

  brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 50 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd2

  [root@jetsen ~]#

  2.3 經過parted工具來刪除分區

  [root@jetsen ~]# parted /dev/sde

  GNU Parted 1.8.1

  Using /dev/sde

  Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

  (parted) p

  Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table: gpt

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

  1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t

  (parted) rm 1 ----刪除分1號分區

  (parted) p ----顯示分區信息,看以下是沒有分區的

  Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table: gpt

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

  (parted) q

  Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

  [root@jetsen ~]#

  2.4 經過parted工具來建立文件系統

  [root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdd -----選擇要格式化的磁盤

  GNU Parted 1.8.1

  Using /dev/sdd

  Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

  (parted) mkfs 2ext3 ----格式化的類型爲ext3分區號爲2-

  Warning: Theexisting file system will be destroyed and all data on the partition will

  be lost. Do youwant to continue?

  parted: invalidtoken: 2

  Yes/No? yes ----再次確認是否格式化

  Partition number?2 -----再次輸入磁盤分區號

  File system? [ext2]? ----格式化的類型

  (parted)

  查看格式化是否成功:

  (parted) p -----查看文件系統是否被格式化

  Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB

  Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B

  Partition Table:gpt

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

  1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1

  2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2 part2 -------能夠看到文件系統類型爲ext2,可肯定文件系統已經被格式化了。

  (parted)

  掛載剛纔格式化後的文件系統

  [root@jetsen ~]#cd / -----退到根目錄

  [root@jetsen /]#mkdir part2 -----建立part目錄

  [root@jetsen /]#mount /dev/sdd2 /part2 -----將/dev/sdd2掛載到/part2

  [root@jetsen /]#df –h -----查看分區信息

  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

  /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

  18G 5.8G 11G 35% /

  /dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot

  tmpfs 506M 4.0K 506M 1% /dev/shm

  /dev/sdd2 83G 52K 79G 1% /part2 ------能夠看到已經被掛載上來

  [root@jetsen /]#cd /part2

  [root@jetsenpart2]# mkdir 1111 ------而且能夠訪問

  [root@jetsenpart2]# ls

  1111 lost+found

  [root@jetsen part2]#

  刪除和恢復分區

  [root@jetsen /]#umount /dev/sdd2 ----卸載分區

  [root@jetsen /]#parted /dev/sdd ---經過parted選擇/dev/sdd磁盤進入操做

  GNU Parted 1.8.1

  Using /dev/sdd

  Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

  (parted) rm 2 ------刪除磁盤分區

  (parted) rescue -------對磁盤分區進行恢復

  Start? 10G

  End? 100G

  Information: A ext2 primary partitionwas found at 10.0GB -> 100GB. Do youwant to add

  it to the partition table?

  Yes/No/Cancel? Yes ----告訴

  (parted) print

  Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

  Disk /dev/sdd: 1100GB

  Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B

  Partition Table: gpt

  Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

  1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1

  2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2

  (parted)

  [root@jetsen/]# cd /part2 ----神奇吧,數據也被恢復回來了

  [root@jetsenpart2]# ls

  1111 lost+found

  2.6 經過parted工具來驗證和維護文件系統及分區。

  驗證文件系統的完整性:

  (parted)check 1

  Error:File system was not cleanly unmounted! You should run e2fsck. Modifyingan

  uncleanfile system could cause severe corruption.

  Ignore/Cancel?ignore

  Information:The ext2 file system passed a basic check. For a more comprehensive check,

  use thee2fsck program.

  (parted)

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