服務治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

服務治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

Netflix Eureka是由Netflix開源的一款基於REST的服務治理組件,包括Eureka Server及Eureka Client。因爲種種緣由,Eureka 2.x版本已經凍結開發,目前最新版本是2018年8月份發佈的1.9.4版本。
Spring Cloud Eureka是Pivotal公司爲Netflix Eureka整合於Spring Cloud生態系統提供的版本。

1. 服務發現

1.1 Eureka簡介

Eureka是Netflix公司提供的開源服務發現組件(現已閉源),最新版本是1.9.4,該組件提供的服務發現能夠爲負載均衡、failover等提供支持。Eureka包括Eureka Server和Eureka Client。Eureka Server提供REST服務,Eureka Clinet多數是使用Java編寫的客戶端(Eureka Client可使用其餘語言編寫,好比Node.js或.NET),用於簡化和Eureka Server的交互。

1.2 Eureka Server簡單案例

全部工程使用Spring Cloud的新版Greenwich.SR1和Maven構建。java

1.2.1 建立Spring Cloud Eureka Server工程

pom.xml內容以下:git

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>watermelon.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eureka-server</name>
    <description>Spring Cloud Eureka Server</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

Finchley版本以後,Eureka的depenecy片斷稍微有點不一樣github

<!-- 原版本 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    <!-- 新版本 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

1.2.2 開啓EurekaServer支持

在啓動類上加上@EnableEurekaServer註解。web

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

1.2.3 修改application.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 1111
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
    server:
      waitTimeInMsWhenSyncEmpty: 0
      enableSelfPreservation: false

# 後面詳細講配置

1.2.4 編譯、啓動

瀏覽器訪問http://localhost:1111/出現以下頁面就說明服務端簡單案例構建成功。spring

服務註冊中心

1.3 Eureka Client簡單案例

1.3.1 建立Eureka Client工程

pom.xml內容以下:瀏覽器

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>watermelon.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eureka-client</name>
    <description>Spring Cloud Eureka Client</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

1.3.2 啓動類啓用DiscoveryClient支持

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EurekaClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);
    }

}

1.3.3 修改applicaiton.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 2222
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-client # 若是不配置name屬性,在註冊中心的實例名都將是UNKNOWN
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:1111/eureka/ # 服務註冊中心地址

1.3.4 HelloController簡單打印輸出

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class HelloController {

    private final DiscoveryClient client;

    @Autowired
    public HelloController(DiscoveryClient client) {
        this.client = client;
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String sayHello() {
        List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances = client.getInstances("eureka-client");
        serviceInstances.forEach(serviceInstance -> {
            log.info("Host: {}, Port: {}", serviceInstance.getHost(), serviceInstance.getPort());
            log.info("serviceId: {}, InstanceId: {}", serviceInstance.getServiceId(), serviceInstance.getInstanceId());
        });
        return "Hello, Spring Cloud Eureka. - " + LocalDateTime.now().toString();
    }
}

先啓動Eureka Server,再啓動Eureka Client,測試

訪問http://localhost:111/eureka/,若是Server和Client都啓動成功而且配置正確的狀況將會以下狀況。微信

Eureka服務註冊中心示例圖

訪問http://localhost:2222/hello/,會出現文字信息和日誌輸出。app

clipboard.png

clipboard.png

簡單的入門案例就此搭建結束,雖然沒實現什麼功能,可是咱們能夠從服務註冊中心觀察到可用的Eureka Client實例,和在日誌中打印服務實例的一些簡短信息。負載均衡

1.4 Eureka Server的REST API

Eureka 在 GitHub 的 wiki 上專門寫了一篇 《 Eureka REST operations》來介紹 Eureka Server 的 REST API 接口,Spring Cloud Netfix Eureka 跟 Spring Boot 適配以後,提供的 REST API 與原始的 REST API 有一點點不一樣,其路徑中的 {version} 值固定爲 eureka,其餘的變化不大.

Eureka Server的端點

如下簡單演示apps的REST端點:訪問http://localhost:1111/eureka/apps,會獲得如下返結果。maven

<applications>
    <versions__delta>1</versions__delta>
    <apps__hashcode>UP_1_</apps__hashcode>
    <application>
        <name>EUREKA-CLIENT</name>
        <instance>
            <instanceId>localhost:eureka-client:2222</instanceId>
            <hostName>localhost</hostName>
            <app>EUREKA-CLIENT</app>
            <ipAddr>192.168.91.1</ipAddr>
            <status>UP</status>
            <overriddenstatus>UNKNOWN</overriddenstatus>
            <port enabled="true">2222</port>
            <securePort enabled="false">443</securePort>
            <countryId>1</countryId>
            <dataCenterInfo class="com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo">
                <name>MyOwn</name>
            </dataCenterInfo>
            <leaseInfo>
                <renewalIntervalInSecs>30</renewalIntervalInSecs>
                <durationInSecs>90</durationInSecs>
                <registrationTimestamp>1557113978372</registrationTimestamp>
                <lastRenewalTimestamp>1557114128293</lastRenewalTimestamp>
                <evictionTimestamp>0</evictionTimestamp>
                <serviceUpTimestamp>1557113978373</serviceUpTimestamp>
            </leaseInfo>
            <metadata>
                <management.port>2222</management.port>
            </metadata>
            <homePageUrl>http://localhost:2222/</homePageUrl>
            <statusPageUrl>http://localhost:2222/actuator/info</statusPageUrl>
            <healthCheckUrl>http://localhost:2222/actuator/health</healthCheckUrl>
            <vipAddress>eureka-client</vipAddress>
            <secureVipAddress>eureka-client</secureVipAddress>
            <isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer>false</isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer>
            <lastUpdatedTimestamp>1557113978373</lastUpdatedTimestamp>
            <lastDirtyTimestamp>1557113978278</lastDirtyTimestamp>
            <actionType>ADDED</actionType>
        </instance>
    </application>
</applications>

文末提供一些,服務發現選型對比,下篇文章介紹Eureka的核心類及其內容。

2. 服務發現選型

服務發現選型對比表
其中比較受衆關注的就是Eureka和Consul這兩款產品,這兩款產品各有所長,各有所適,開發者可用按需選擇。


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