HBase Filter 過濾器之 Comparator 原理及源碼學習

前言:上篇文章 HBase Filter 過濾器概述對HBase過濾器的組成及其家譜進行簡單介紹,本篇文章主要對HBase過濾器之比較器做一個補充介紹,也算是HBase Filter學習的必備低階魂技吧。本篇文中源碼基於HBase 1.1.2.2.6.5.0-292 HDP版本。

HBase全部的比較器實現類都繼承於父類ByteArrayComparable,而ByteArrayComparable又實現了Comparable接口;不一樣功能的比較器差異在於對父類compareTo()方法的重寫邏輯不一樣。正則表達式

下面分別對HBase Filter默認實現的七大比較器一一進行介紹。數組

1. BinaryComparator

介紹:二進制比較器,用於按字典順序比較指定字節數組。微信

先看一個小例子:less

public class BinaryComparatorDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        BinaryComparator bc = new BinaryComparator(Bytes.toBytes("bbb"));

        int code1 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbb"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(code1); // 0
        int code2 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("aaa"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(code2); // 1
        int code3 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ccc"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(code3); // -1
        int code4 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbf"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(code4); // -4
        int code5 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbbedf"), 0, 6);
        System.out.println(code5); // -3
    }
}

不難看出,該比較器的比較規則以下:函數

  • 兩個字符串首字母不一樣,則該方法返回首字母的asc碼的差值
  • 參與比較的兩個字符串若是首字符相同,則比較下一個字符,直到有不一樣的爲止,返回該不一樣的字符的asc碼差值
  • 兩個字符串不同長,能夠參與比較的字符又徹底同樣,則返回兩個字符串的長度差值

看一下以上規則對應其compareTo()方法的源碼實現:
實現一:學習

static enum UnsafeComparer implements Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> {
INSTANCE;
....
public int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) {
    if (buffer1 == buffer2 && offset1 == offset2 && length1 == length2) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        int minLength = Math.min(length1, length2);
        int minWords = minLength / 8;
        long offset1Adj = (long)(offset1 + BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET);
        long offset2Adj = (long)(offset2 + BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET);
        int j = minWords << 3;

        int offset;
        for(offset = 0; offset < j; offset += 8) {
            long lw = theUnsafe.getLong(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)offset);
            long rw = theUnsafe.getLong(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)offset);
            long diff = lw ^ rw;
            if (diff != 0L) {
                return lessThanUnsignedLong(lw, rw) ? -1 : 1;
            }
        }

        offset = j;
        int b;
        int a;
        if (minLength - j >= 4) {
            a = theUnsafe.getInt(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)j);
            b = theUnsafe.getInt(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)j);
            if (a != b) {
                return lessThanUnsignedInt(a, b) ? -1 : 1;
            }

            offset = j + 4;
        }

        if (minLength - offset >= 2) {
            short sl = theUnsafe.getShort(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)offset);
            short sr = theUnsafe.getShort(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)offset);
            if (sl != sr) {
                return lessThanUnsignedShort(sl, sr) ? -1 : 1;
            }

            offset += 2;
        }

        if (minLength - offset == 1) {
            a = buffer1[offset1 + offset] & 255;
            b = buffer2[offset2 + offset] & 255;
            if (a != b) {
                return a - b;
            }
        }

        return length1 - length2;
    }
}

實現二:優化

static enum PureJavaComparer implements Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> {
    INSTANCE;

    private PureJavaComparer() {
    }

    public int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) {
        if (buffer1 == buffer2 && offset1 == offset2 && length1 == length2) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            int end1 = offset1 + length1;
            int end2 = offset2 + length2;
            int i = offset1;

            for(int j = offset2; i < end1 && j < end2; ++j) {
                int a = buffer1[i] & 255;
                int b = buffer2[j] & 255;
                if (a != b) {
                    return a - b;
                }

                ++i;
            }

            return length1 - length2;
        }
    }
}

實現一是對實現二的一個優化,都引自Bytes類,HBase優先執行實現一方案,若是有異常再執行實現二方案。以下:this

public static int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) {
    return Bytes.LexicographicalComparerHolder.BEST_COMPARER.compareTo(buffer1, offset1, length1, buffer2, offset2, length2);
}
...
...

static final String UNSAFE_COMPARER_NAME = Bytes.LexicographicalComparerHolder.class.getName() + "$UnsafeComparer";
static final Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> BEST_COMPARER = getBestComparer();
static Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> getBestComparer() {
    try {
        Class<?> theClass = Class.forName(UNSAFE_COMPARER_NAME);
        Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> comparer = (Bytes.Comparer)theClass.getEnumConstants()[0];
        return comparer;
    } catch (Throwable var2) {
        return Bytes.lexicographicalComparerJavaImpl();
    }
}

2. BinaryPrefixComparator

介紹:二進制比較器,只比較前綴是否與指定字節數組相同。spa

先看一個小例子:code

public class BinaryPrefixComparatorDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        BinaryPrefixComparator bc = new BinaryPrefixComparator(Bytes.toBytes("b"));

        int code1 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbb"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(code1); // 0
        int code2 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("aaa"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(code2); // 1
        int code3 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ccc"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(code3); // -1
        int code4 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbf"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(code4); // 0
        int code5 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbbedf"), 0, 6);
        System.out.println(code5); // 0
        int code6 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ebbedf"), 0, 6);
        System.out.println(code6); // -3
    }
}

該比較器只是基於BinaryComparator比較器稍做更改而已,如下代碼一目瞭然:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
    return Bytes.compareTo(this.value, 0, this.value.length, value, offset, this.value.length <= length ? this.value.length : length);
}

看一下同BinaryComparator方法的異同:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
    return Bytes.compareTo(this.value, 0, this.value.length, value, offset, length);
}

區別只在於最後一個傳參,即length=min(this.value.length,value.length),取小。這樣在後面的字節逐位比較時,即只需比較min length次。

3. BitComparator

介紹:位比價器,經過BitwiseOp提供的AND(與)、OR(或)、NOT(非)進行比較。返回結果要麼爲1要麼爲0,僅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。

先看一個小例子:

public class BitComparatorDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // 長度相同按位或比較:由低位起逐位比較,每一位按位或比較都爲0,則返回1,不然返回0。
        BitComparator bc1 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{0,0,0,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.OR);
        int i = bc1.compareTo(new byte[]{0,0,0,0}, 0, 4);
        System.out.println(i); // 1
        // 長度相同按位與比較:由低位起逐位比較,每一位按位與比較都爲0,則返回1,不然返回0。
        BitComparator bc2 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.AND);
        int j = bc2.compareTo(new byte[]{0,1,0,1}, 0, 4);
        System.out.println(j); // 1
        // 長度相同按位異或比較:由低位起逐位比較,每一位按位異或比較都爲0,則返回1,不然返回0。
        BitComparator bc3 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.XOR);
        int x = bc3.compareTo(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, 0, 4);
        System.out.println(x); // 1
        // 長度不一樣,返回1,不然按位比較
        BitComparator bc4 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.XOR);
        int y = bc4.compareTo(new byte[]{1,0,1}, 0, 3);
        System.out.println(y); // 1
    }
}

上述註釋闡述的規則,對應如下代碼:
···
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {

if (length != this.value.length) {
    return 1;
} else {
    int b = 0;

    for(int i = length - 1; i >= 0 && b == 0; --i) {
        switch(this.bitOperator) {
        case AND:
            b = this.value[i] & value[i + offset] & 255;
            break;
        case OR:
            b = (this.value[i] | value[i + offset]) & 255;
            break;
        case XOR:
            b = (this.value[i] ^ value[i + offset]) & 255;
        }
    }

    return b == 0 ? 1 : 0;
}

}
···
核心思想就是:由低位起逐位比較,直到b!=0退出循環。

4. LongComparator

介紹:Long 型專用比較器,返回值:0 -1 1。上篇概述沒有提到,這裏補上。

先看一個小例子:

public class LongComparatorDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LongComparator longComparator = new LongComparator(1000L);
        int i = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(1000L), 0, 8);
        System.out.println(i); // 0
        int i2 = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(1001L), 0, 8);
        System.out.println(i2); // -1
        int i3 = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(998L), 0, 8);
        System.out.println(i3); // 1
    }
}

這個比較器實現至關簡單,很少說了,以下:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
    Long that = Bytes.toLong(value, offset, length);
    return this.longValue.compareTo(that);
}

5. NullComparatorDemo

介紹:控制比較式,判斷當前值是否是爲null。是null返回0,不是null返回1,僅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。

先看一個小例子:

public class NullComparatorDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        NullComparator nc = new NullComparator();
        int i1 = nc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("abc"));
        int i2 = nc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(""));
        int i3 = nc.compareTo(null);
        System.out.println(i1); // 1
        System.out.println(i2); // 1
        System.out.println(i3); // 0
    }
}

這個比較器實現至關簡單,很少說了,以下:

public int compareTo(byte[] value) {
    return value != null ? 1 : 0;
}

6. RegexStringComparator

介紹:提供一個正則的比較器,支持正則表達式的值比較,僅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。匹配成功返回0,匹配失敗返回1。

先看一個小例子:

public class RegexStringComparatorDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RegexStringComparator rsc = new RegexStringComparator("abc");
        int abc = rsc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("abcd"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(abc); // 0
        int bcd = rsc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bcd"), 0, 3);
        System.out.println(bcd); // 1

        String check = "^([a-z0-9A-Z]+[-|\\.]?)+[a-z0-9A-Z]@([a-z0-9A-Z]+(-[a-z0-9A-Z]+)?\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}$";
        RegexStringComparator rsc2 = new RegexStringComparator(check);
        int code = rsc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("zpb@163.com"), 0, "zpb@163.com".length());
        System.out.println(code); // 0
        int code2 = rsc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("zpb#163.com"), 0, "zpb#163.com".length());
        System.out.println(code2); // 1
    }
}

其compareTo()方法有兩種引擎實現,對應兩套正則匹配規則,分別是JAVA版和JONI版(面向JRuby),默認爲RegexStringComparator.EngineType.JAVA。以下:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
    return this.engine.compareTo(value, offset, length);
}

public static enum EngineType {
    JAVA,
    JONI;

    private EngineType() {
    }
}

具體實現都很簡單,都是調用正則語法匹配。如下是JAVA EngineType 實現:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
    String tmp;
    if (length < value.length / 2) {
        tmp = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset + length), this.charset);
    } else {
        tmp = new String(value, offset, length, this.charset);
    }

    return this.pattern.matcher(tmp).find() ? 0 : 1;
}

JONI EngineType 實現:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
    Matcher m = this.pattern.matcher(value);
    return m.search(offset, length, this.pattern.getOptions()) < 0 ? 1 : 0;
}

都很容易理解,很少說了。

7. SubstringComparator

介紹:判斷提供的子串是否出如今value中,而且不區分大小寫。包含字串返回0,不包含返回1,僅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。

先看一個小例子:

public class SubstringComparatorDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String value = "aslfjllkabcxxljsl";
        SubstringComparator sc = new SubstringComparator("abc");
        int i = sc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length());
        System.out.println(i); // 0

        SubstringComparator sc2 = new SubstringComparator("abd");
        int i2 = sc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length());
        System.out.println(i2); // 1

        SubstringComparator sc3 = new SubstringComparator("ABC");
        int i3 = sc3.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length());
        System.out.println(i3); // 0
    }
}

這個比較器實現也至關簡單,很少說了,以下:

public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
    return Bytes.toString(value, offset, length).toLowerCase().contains(this.substr) ? 0 : 1;
}

到此,七種比較器就介紹完了。若是對源碼不敢興趣,也建議必定要看看文中的小例子,熟悉下每種比較器的構造函數及結果輸出。後續在使用HBase過濾器的過程當中,會常常用到。固然除了這七種比較器,你們也能夠自定義比較器。

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