從零開始配置webpack(基於babel 7版本)

webpack 核心概念:

  • Entry: 入口
  • Module:模塊,webpack中一切皆是模塊
  • Chunk:代碼庫,一個chunk由十多個模塊組合而成,用於代碼合併與分割
  • Loader:模塊轉換器,用於把模塊原內容按照需求轉換成新內容
  • Plugin:擴展插件,在webpack構建流程中的特定時機注入擴展邏輯來改變構建結果或作你想要作的事情
  • Output: 輸出結果

webpack流程:

webpack啓動後會從 Entry 裏配置的 Module 開始遞歸解析 Entry 依賴的全部Module.每找到一個Module,就會根據配置的Loader去找出對應的轉換規則,對Module進行轉換後,再解析出當前的Module依賴的Module.這些模塊會以Entry爲單位進行分組,一個Entry和其全部依賴的Module被分到一個組也就是一個Chunk。最好Webpack會把全部Chunk轉換成文件輸出。在整個流程中Webpack會在恰當的時機執行Plugin裏定義的邏輯。javascript

下面咱們開始從零開始配置一個支持打包圖片,CSS,LESS,SASS,支持ES6/ES7和JSX語法,並對代碼進行壓縮的webpack配置.css

1. 最簡webpack配置

首先初始化npm和安裝webpack的依賴:html

npm init -y
npm install --save-dev webpack webpack-cli

配置 webpack.config.js 文件以下:前端

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
    entry: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/index.js'),
    output: {
        path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
        filename: 'bundle.js',
        publicPath: '/'
    }
}

說明: publicPath 上線時配置的是cdn的地址。java

使用命令進行打包:node

webpack --mode production

也能夠將其配置到 package.json 中的 scripts 字段.react

入口文件爲 src/index.js, 打包輸出到 dist/bundle.js.webpack

2. 使用模板 html

html-webpack-plugin 能夠指定template模板文件,將會在output目錄下,生成html文件,並引入打包後的js.git

安裝依賴:github

npm install --save-dev html-webpack-plugin

在 webpack.config.js 增長 plugins 配置:

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
    //...other code
    plugins: [
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
            template: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/index.html')
        })
    ]
}

HtmlWebpackPlugin 還有一些其它的參數,如title(html的title),minify(是否要壓縮),filename(dist中生成的html的文件名)等

3. 配置 webpack-dev-server

webpack-dev-server提供了一個簡單的Web服務器和實時熱更新的能力

安裝依賴:

npm install --save-dev webpack-dev-server

在 webpack.config.js 增長 devServer 配置:

const path = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
    //...other code
    devServer: {
        contentBase: './dist',
        port: '8080',
        host: 'localhost'
    }
}

在 package.json 的 scripts 字段中增長:

webpack-dev-server --mode development

以後,咱們就能夠經過 npm run dev , 來啓動服務。

更多 webpack-dev-server 的知識,請訪問: https://webpack.js.org/config...

4. 支持加載css文件

經過使用不一樣的 style-loader 和 css-loader, 能夠將 css 文件轉換成JS文件類型。

安裝依賴:

npm install --save-dev style-loader css-loader

在 webpack.config.js 中增長 loader 的配置。

module.exports = {
    //other code
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.css/,
                use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            }
        ]
    }
}

loader 能夠配置如下參數:

  • test: 匹配處理文件的擴展名的正則表達式
  • use: loader名稱
  • include/exclude: 手動指定必須處理的文件夾或屏蔽不須要處理的文件夾
  • query: 爲loader提供額外的設置選項

若是須要給loader傳參,那麼可使用use+loader的方式,如:

module.exports = {
    //other code
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
            use: [{
                        loader: 'style-loader',
                        options: {
                            insertAt: 'top'
                        }
                    },
                    'css-loader'
                ],
                //....
            }
        ]
    }
}

5. 支持加載圖片

  • file-loader: 解決CSS等文件中的引入圖片路徑問題
  • url-loader: 當圖片小於limit的時候會把圖片Base64編碼,大於limit參數的時候仍是使用file-loader進行拷貝

若是但願圖片存放在單獨的目錄下,那麼須要指定outputPath

安裝依賴:

npm install --save-dev url-loader file-loader

在 webpack.config.js 中增長 loader 的配置(增長在 module.rules 的數組中)。

module.exports = {
    //other code
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.(gif|jpg|png|bmp|eot|woff|woff2|ttf|svg)/,
                use: [
                    {
                        loader: 'url-loader',
                        options: {
                            limit: 8192,
                            outputPath: 'images'
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

6.支持編譯less和sass

有些前端同事可能習慣於使用less或者是sass編寫css,那麼也須要在 webpack 中進行配置。

安裝對應的依賴:

npm install --save-dev less less-loader
npm install --save-dev node-sass sass-loader

在 webpack.config.js 中增長 loader 的配置(module.rules 數組中)。

module.exports = {
    //other code
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.less/,
                use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader', 'less-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            },
            {
                test: /\.scss/,
                use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader', 'sass-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            }
        ]
    }
}

7.支持轉義 ES6/ES7/JSX

ES6/ES7/JSX 轉義須要 Babel 的依賴,支持裝飾器。

npm install --save-dev @babel/core babel-loader @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react @babel/plugin-proposal-decorators @babel/plugin-proposal-object-rest-spread

在 webpack.config.js 中增長 loader 的配置(module.rules 數組中)。

module.exports = {
    //other code
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.jsx?$/,
                use: [
                    {
                        loader: 'babel-loader',
                        options: {
                            presets: ['@babel/preset-env', '@babel/react'],
                            plugins: [
                                [require("@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators"), { "legacy": true }]
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                ],
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src'),
                exclude: /node_modules/
            },
        ]
    }
}

8.壓縮JS文件

安裝依賴:

npm install --save-dev uglifyjs-webpack-plugin
npm install --save-dev optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin

在 webpack.config.js 中增長 optimization 的配置

const UglifyWebpackPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
    //other code
    optimization: {
        minimizer: [
            new UglifyWebpackPlugin({
                parallel: 4
            })
        ]
    }
}

9.分離CSS(若是CSS文件較大的話)

由於CSS的下載和JS能夠並行,當一個HTML文件很大的時候,能夠把CSS單獨提取出來加載

npm install --save-dev mini-css-extract-plugin

在 webpack.config.js 中增長 plugins 的配置,而且將 'style-loader' 修改成 { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader}。

CSS打包在單獨目錄,那麼配置filename。

const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');

module.exports = {
    //other code
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.css/,
                use: [{ loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader}, 'css-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            },
            {
                test: /\.less/,
                use: [{ loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader }, 'css-loader', 'less-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            },
            {
                test: /\.scss/,
                use: [{ loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader }, 'css-loader', 'sass-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            },
        ]
    },
    plugins: [
        new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
            filename: 'css/[name].css'
        })
    ]
}

10.壓縮CSS文件

安裝依賴:

npm install --save-dev optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin

在 webpack.config.js 中的 optimization 中增長配置

const OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
    //other code
    optimization: {
        minimizer: [
            new OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin()
        ]
    }
}

11.打包前先清空輸出目錄

npm install --save-dev clean-webpack-plugin

在 webpack.config.js 中增長 plugins 的配置

const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
    //other code
    plugins: [
        new CleanWebpackPlugin()
    ]
}

至此,webpack配置已經基本能知足需求。

完整webpack.config.js和package.json文件

webpack.config.js文件:

const path = require('path');
const htmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const UglifyWebpackPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
const OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
    entry: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/index.js'),
    output: {
        path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
        filename: 'bundle.js',
        publicPath: '/'
    },
    devServer: {
        contentBase: './dist',
        port: '8080',
        host: 'localhost'
    },
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.jsx?$/,
                use: [
                    {
                        loader: 'babel-loader',
                        options: {
                            presets: ['@babel/preset-env', '@babel/react'],
                            plugins: [
                                [require("@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators"), { "legacy": true }]
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                ],
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src'),
                exclude: /node_modules/
            },
            {
                test: /\.css/,
                use: [{ loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader}, 'css-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            },
            {
                test: /\.less/,
                use: [{ loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader }, 'css-loader', 'less-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            },
            {
                test: /\.scss/,
                use: [{ loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader }, 'css-loader', 'sass-loader'],
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                include: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')
            },
            {
                test: /\.(gif|jpg|png|bmp|eot|woff|woff2|ttf|svg)/,
                use: [
                    {
                        loader: 'url-loader',
                        options: {
                            limit: 1024,
                            outputPath: 'images'
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    },
    optimization: {
        minimizer: [
            new UglifyWebpackPlugin({
                parallel: 4
            }),
            new OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin()
        ]
    },
    plugins: [
        new htmlWebpackPlugin({
            template: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/index.html'),
        }),
        new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
            filename: 'css/[name].css'
        }),
        new CleanWebpackPlugin()
    ]
}

package.json文件:

{
  "name": "webpk",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "webpack.config.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "build": "webpack --mode production",
    "dev": "webpack-dev-server --mode development"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.4.0",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators": "^7.4.0",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-object-rest-spread": "^7.4.0",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.4.1",
    "@babel/preset-react": "^7.0.0",
    "babel-loader": "^8.0.5",
    "clean-webpack-plugin": "^2.0.1",
    "css-loader": "^2.1.1",
    "file-loader": "^3.0.1",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "less": "^3.9.0",
    "less-loader": "^4.1.0",
    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.5.0",
    "node-sass": "^4.11.0",
    "optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^5.0.1",
    "sass-loader": "^7.1.0",
    "style-loader": "^0.23.1",
    "uglifyjs-webpack-plugin": "^2.1.2",
    "url-loader": "^1.1.2",
    "webpack": "^4.29.6",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.3.0",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.2.1"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "react": "^16.8.4",
    "react-dom": "^16.8.4",
    "react-redux": "^6.0.1",
    "redux": "^4.0.1"
  }
}

更多loader和plugin的參數能夠參考:
https://www.webpackjs.com/loa...
https://www.webpackjs.com/plu...

謝謝您花費寶貴的時間閱讀本文,若是本文給了您一點幫助或者是啓發,那麼不要吝嗇你的贊和Star哈,您的確定是我前進的最大動力。https://github.com/YvetteLau/...

若是你有其它的webpack配置需求,歡迎留言~

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