GnuPG如何安全地分發私鑰（1）GnuPG的用法

本文只是對GnuPG最基本最簡單最初級的介紹。

這篇文章從（做者本身瞎折騰的）問題 ------ 如何安全地分發私鑰入手，簡單全面地介紹了GnuPG的常規操做。

GnuPG還有不少其餘功能，做者並無所有掌握，好比證書、密鑰的撤銷、管理等。

 

還有一個很重要的問題，pub與sub和sec與ssb的關係，待做者搞清楚後，再寫文介紹吧。

 

1 k與K

能夠參考man gpg裏的說明:

-k

--list-public-keys

List all keys from the public keyrings, or just the keys given

on the command line.

Avoid using the output of this command in scripts or other pro-

grams as it is likely to change as GnuPG changes. See --with-

colons for a machine-parseable key listing command that is

appropriate for use in scripts and other programs.

--list-secret-keys

-K List all keys from the secret keyrings, or just the ones given

on the command line. A # after the letters sec means that the

secret key is not usable (for example, if it was created via

--export-secret-subkeys).

2 生成密鑰

opensuse13:~ #

opensuse13:~ # gpg -K

opensuse13:~ # gpg -k

opensuse13:~ # gpg --gen-key

gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.26; Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Please select what kind of key you want:

(1) RSA and RSA (default)

(2) DSA and Elgamal

(3) DSA (sign only)

(4) RSA (sign only)

Your selection?

RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.

What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096

Requested keysize is 4096 bits

Please specify how long the key should be valid.

0 = key does not expire

<n> = key expires in n days

<n>w = key expires in n weeks

<n>m = key expires in n months

<n>y = key expires in n years

Key is valid for? (0) 5m

Key expires at Mon Apr 24 21:17:17 2017 CST

Is this correct? (y/N) y

GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.

Real name: FranklinYang

Email address: andypeker@163.com

Comment: Encrypt RSA 4096

You selected this USER-ID:

"FranklinYang (Encrypt RSA 4096) <andypeker@163.com>"

Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O

You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.

We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform

some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the

disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number

generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.

We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform

some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the

disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number

generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.

gpg: key F55B4065 marked as ultimately trusted

public and secret key created and signed.

gpg: checking the trustdb

gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model

gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u

gpg: next trustdb check due at 2017-04-24

pub 4096R/276856F7 2016-11-25 [expires: 2017-04-24]

Key fingerprint = 13A2 DD5C 4BB1 13DA 9665 D49B 2055 C017 F55B 4065

uid [ultimate] FranklinYang (Encrypt RSA 4096) <andypeker@163.com>

sub 4096R/0A09DAC9 2016-11-25 [expires: 2017-04-24]

opensuse13:~ #

opensuse13:~ #

opensuse13:~ #

opensuse13:~ # gpg -k

/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg

------------------------

pub 4096R/276856F7 2016-11-25 [expires: 2017-04-24]

uid [ultimate] FranklinYang (Encrypt RSA 4096) <andypeker@163.com>

sub 4096R/0A09DAC9 2016-11-25 [expires: 2017-04-24]

opensuse13:~ # gpg -K

/root/.gnupg/secring.gpg

------------------------

sec 4096R/276856F7 2016-11-25 [expires: 2017-04-24]

uid FranklinYang (Encrypt RSA 4096) <andypeker@163.com>

ssb 4096R/0A09DAC9 2016-11-25

opensuse13:~ #

opensuse13:~ #

3 公鑰和私鑰的區別

注意下面這個幾個key：

pub sub sec ssb

各有用途！

好比下面：

opensuse13b:~ #

opensuse13b:~ # gpg -K

/root/.gnupg/secring.gpg

------------------------

sec 4096R/9DDE7116 2016-11-24 [expires: 2017-05-24]

uid suse13b RSA encrypt

ssb 4096R/EC3B4291 2016-11-24

sec# 2048R/6EB6C991 2016-11-24 [expires: 2017-02-22]

uid virtual RSA Encrypt <164820658@qq.com>

ssb 2048g/E423A188 2016-11-28

sec 2048R/EBD97E5C 2016-11-28

uid macOSwhyang

ssb 2048R/8EDFDBEC 2016-11-28

ssb 2048g/45FFDAC5 2016-11-28

ssb 2048D/C1CAA280 2016-11-28

opensuse13b:~ #

opensuse13b:~ #