JavaWeb項目實現文件上傳動態顯示進度

  好久沒有更新博客了,這段時間實在的忙的不可開交,項目立刻就要上線了,要修補的東西太多了。當我在學習JavaWeb文件上傳的時候,我就一直有一個疑問,網站上那些博客的圖片是怎麼上傳的,由於當提交了表單以後網頁就跳轉了。後來我學習到了Ajax,我知道了瀏覽器能夠異步的發送響應,這時我又有新的疑問,那就是在我上傳一些文件的時候,那些網站的上傳進度是怎麼作到的,由於servlet直到上傳完成以後才完成響應。javascript

  最近咱們的項目中有一個地方中須要用到一個功能,當用戶點擊一個處理按鈕時,前臺會實時的顯示後臺處理動態,因爲servlet一次只能接受一個請求,並且在servlet的生命週期結束時纔會把響應數據發送到前臺(這一點你們能夠作個這樣的測試:css

1 response.getWriter().print("hello");
2 Thread.sleep(10000);
3 response.getWriter().print("world");

,大家會發現前臺在等待了約10s後收到了"helloworld")。因此我想到了一個方法:使用單例保存實時信息。具體的實現方法就是,當用戶點擊了處理按鈕時,在後臺開啓一個線程進行處理,而且每進行到一步,就向單例中寫入當前狀態信息。而後編寫一個servlet,用於返回單例中的信息,前臺循環發送請求,這樣就能實現實時顯示進度的效果。html

  好了,囉嗦了這麼多,下面進入正題,如何實現上傳文件動態顯示進度,其實思想和上面的功能是一致的,我將這個功能分爲三個點:java

  1. 單例:用於保存進度信息;
  2. 上傳servlet:用於上傳文件並實時寫入進度;
  3. 進度servlet:用於讀取實時進度信息;

  上代碼,前臺:jquery

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html>
 3 <head>
 4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5 <title>Insert title here</title>
 6 <style type="text/css">
 7     #progress:after {
 8         content: '%';
 9     }
10 </style>
11 </head>
12 <body>
13     <h3>File upload demo</h3>
14     <form action="TestServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" id="dataForm">
15         <input type="file" name="file" id="fileInput"> <br>
16         <input type="submit" value="submit" id="submit">
17     </form>
18     <div id="progress"></div>
19     <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
20     <script type="text/javascript">
21     (function () {
22         var form = document.getElementById("dataForm");
23         var progress = document.getElementById("progress");
24         
25         $("#submit").click(function(event) {
26             //阻止默認事件
27             event.preventDefault();
28             //循環查看狀態
29             var t = setInterval(function(){
30                 $.ajax({
31                     url: 'ProgressServlet',
32                     type: 'POST',
33                     dataType: 'text',
34                     data: {
35                         filename: fileInput.files[0].name,
36                     },
37                     success: function (responseText) {
38                         var data = JSON.parse(responseText);
39                         //前臺更新進度
40                         progress.innerText = parseInt((data.progress / data.size) * 100);
41                     },
42                     error: function(){
43                         console.log("error");
44                     }
45                 });
46             }, 500);
47             //上傳文件
48             $.ajax({
49                 url: 'UploadServlet',
50                 type: 'POST',
51                 dataType: 'text',
52                 data: new FormData(form),
53                 processData: false,
54                 contentType: false,
55                 success: function (responseText) {
56                     //上傳完成,清除循環事件
57                     clearInterval(t);
58                     //將進度更新至100%
59                     progress.innerText = 100;
60                 },
61                 error: function(){
62                     console.log("error");
63                 }
64             });
65             return false;
66         });
67     })();
68     </script>
69 </body>
70 </html>

  後臺,單例:ajax

 1 import java.util.Hashtable;
 2 
 3 public class ProgressSingleton {
 4     //爲了防止多用戶併發,使用線程安全的Hashtable
 5     private static Hashtable<Object, Object> table = new Hashtable<>();
 6     
 7     public static void put(Object key, Object value){
 8         table.put(key, value);
 9     }
10     
11     public static Object get(Object key){
12         return table.get(key);
13     }
14     
15     public static Object remove(Object key){
16         return table.remove(key);
17     }
18 }

  上傳servlet:apache

 1 import java.io.File;
 2 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.io.InputStream;
 5 import java.util.List;
 6 
 7 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 8 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
12 
13 import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileItem;
14 import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadException;
15 import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
16 import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
17 import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.servlet.ServletRequestContext;
18 
19 import singleton.ProgressSingleton;
20 
21 @WebServlet("/UploadServlet")
22 public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
23     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
24 
25     public UploadServlet() {
26     }
27 
28     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
29         
30         DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
31         factory.setSizeThreshold(4*1024);
32         
33         ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
34         
35         List<FileItem> fileItems;
36         try {
37             fileItems = upload.parseRequest(new ServletRequestContext(request));
38             //獲取文件域
39             FileItem fileItem = fileItems.get(0);
40             //使用sessionid + 文件名生成文件號
41             String id = request.getSession().getId() + fileItem.getName();
42             //向單例哈希表寫入文件長度和初始進度
43             ProgressSingleton.put(id + "Size", fileItem.getSize());
44             //文件進度長度
45             long progress = 0;
46             //用流的方式讀取文件,以即可以實時的獲取進度
47             InputStream in = fileItem.getInputStream();
48             File file = new File("D:/test");
49             file.createNewFile();
50             FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
51             byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
52             int readNumber = 0;
53             while((readNumber = in.read(buffer)) != -1){
54                 //每讀取一次,更新一次進度大小
55                 progress = progress + readNumber;
56                 //向單例哈希表寫入進度
57                 ProgressSingleton.put(id + "Progress", progress);
58                 out.write(buffer);
59             }
60             //當文件上傳完成以後,從單例中移除這次上傳的狀態信息
61             ProgressSingleton.remove(id + "Size");
62             ProgressSingleton.remove(id + "Progress");
63             in.close();
64             out.close();
65         } catch (FileUploadException e) {
66             e.printStackTrace();
67         }
68         
69         response.getWriter().print("done");
70     }
71 
72     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
73         doGet(request, response);
74     }
75 
76 }

  進度servlet:json

 1 import java.io.IOException;
 2 
 3 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 4 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 5 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 8 
 9 import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
10 import singleton.ProgressSingleton;
11 
12 @WebServlet("/ProgressServlet")
13 public class ProgressServlet extends HttpServlet {
14     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
15        
16     public ProgressServlet() {
17         super();
18         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
19     }
20 
21     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
22         
23         String id = request.getSession().getId();
24         String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
25         //使用sessionid + 文件名生成文件號,與上傳的文件保持一致
26         id = id + filename;
27         Object size = ProgressSingleton.get(id + "Size");
28         size = size == null ? 100 : size;
29         Object progress = ProgressSingleton.get(id + "Progress");
30         progress = progress == null ? 0 : progress; 
31         JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
32         json.put("size", size);
33         json.put("progress", progress);
34         response.getWriter().print(json.toString());
35     }
36 
37     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
38         doGet(request, response);
39     }
40 
41 }

  效果圖:瀏覽器

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