代理的定義其實很是簡單,就是改變原來目標對象方法調用的運行軌跡。這種改變,首先會對這些方法進行攔截,從而爲這些方法提供工做空間,隨後在進行回調,從而完成 AOP 切面實現的一整個邏輯。java
而建立代理是 Spring AOP 功能實現最核心的地方,通常而言 Spring AOP 動態生成代理有兩種方法:JDK 和 CGLIB。下面是具體時序圖:app
經過時序圖的分析咱們知道她主要是由 AbstractAutoProxyCreator 類和 ProxyFactory 工廠類來完成的。下面咱們進行分析。ide
在獲取了全部對應 bean 的加強器後,即可以進行代理的建立了。
函數
AbstractAutoProxyCreator.java
源碼分析
protected Object createProxy( Class<?> beanClass, String beanName, Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource) { ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory(); // 獲取當前類中相關屬性 proxyFactory.copyFrom(this); // 決定對給定的 bean 是否應該使用 targetClass 而不是他的接口代理, // 檢查 proxyTargeClass 設置以及 preserveTargetClass 屬性 if (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) { if (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) { proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(true); } else { evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory); } } Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors); for (Advisor advisor : advisors) { // 加入加強器 proxyFactory.addAdvisor(advisor); } // 設置要代理的類 proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource); // 定製代理 customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory); // 用來控制代理過程被配置以後,是否還容許修改通知。 // 缺省值爲 false (即在代理被配置以後,不容許修改代理的配置) proxyFactory.setFrozen(this.freezeProxy); if (advisorsPreFiltered()) { proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(true); } return proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader()); }
對於代理類的建立及處理,Spring 委託給了 ProxyFactory 去處理,而在此函數中主要是對 ProxyFactory 的初始化操做,進而對真正的建立代理作準備,這些初始化操做包括6個內容:(1)獲取當前類中的屬性。(2)添加代理接口。(3)封裝 Advisor 並加入到 ProxyFactory 中。(4)設置要代理的類。(5)固然在 Spring 中還爲子類提供了定製的函數 customizeProxyFactory,子類能夠在此函數中對 ProxyFactory 的進一步封裝。(6)進行獲取代理操做。
性能
其中,封裝 Advisor 並加入到 ProxyFactory 中以及建立代理是最爲繁瑣的兩個過程,能夠經過 ProxyFactory 提供 addAdvisor 方法直接將通知器置如代理建立工廠中,可是將攔截器封裝爲通知器仍是須要必定邏輯的。
優化
AbstractAutoProxyCreator.javaui
protected Advisor[] buildAdvisors(String beanName, Object[] specificInterceptors) { // 解析註冊的全部 interceptorName Advisor[] commonInterceptors = resolveInterceptorNames(); List<Object> allInterceptors = new ArrayList<Object>(); if (specificInterceptors != null) { // 加入攔截器 allInterceptors.addAll(Arrays.asList(specificInterceptors)); if (commonInterceptors != null) { if (this.applyCommonInterceptorsFirst) { allInterceptors.addAll(0, Arrays.asList(commonInterceptors)); } else { allInterceptors.addAll(Arrays.asList(commonInterceptors)); } } } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { int nrOfCommonInterceptors = (commonInterceptors != null ? commonInterceptors.length : 0); int nrOfSpecificInterceptors = (specificInterceptors != null ? specificInterceptors.length : 0); logger.debug("Creating implicit proxy for bean '" + beanName + "' with " + nrOfCommonInterceptors + " common interceptors and " + nrOfSpecificInterceptors + " specific interceptors"); } Advisor[] advisors = new Advisor[allInterceptors.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < allInterceptors.size(); i++) { // 攔截器進行封裝轉化爲 Advisor advisors[i] = this.advisorAdapterRegistry.wrap(allInterceptors.get(i)); } return advisors; }
DefaultAdvisorAdapterRegistry.javathis
@Override public Advisor wrap(Object adviceObject) throws UnknownAdviceTypeException { // 若是要封裝的對象自己就是 Advisor 類型的那麼無需再作過多處理 if (adviceObject instanceof Advisor) { return (Advisor) adviceObject; } // 由於此封裝方法只對 Advisor 與 Advice 兩種類型的數據有效 if (!(adviceObject instanceof Advice)) { throw new UnknownAdviceTypeException(adviceObject); } Advice advice = (Advice) adviceObject; if (advice instanceof MethodInterceptor) { // 若是是 MethodInterceptor 類型則使用 DefaultPointcutAdvisor 封裝 return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(advice); } // 若是存在 Advisor 的適配器那麼也須要進行封裝 for (AdvisorAdapter adapter : this.adapters) { // Check that it is supported. if (adapter.supportsAdvice(advice)) { return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(advice); } } throw new UnknownAdviceTypeException(advice); }
因爲 Spring 中涉及過多的攔截器、通知器、加強方法等方式來對邏輯進行加強,因此很是有必要統一封裝成 Advisor 來進行代理的建立,完成了加強的封裝過程,那麼解析最重要的一步就是代理的建立與獲取了。
lua
AspectJProxyFactory.java
public <T> T getProxy(ClassLoader classLoader) { return (T) createAopProxy().getProxy(classLoader); }
咱們接着上面的例子繼續進行分析。
ProxyCreatorSupport.java
protected final synchronized AopProxy createAopProxy() { if (!this.active) { activate(); } // 建立代理 return getAopProxyFactory().createAopProxy(this); }
createAopProxy 方法封裝在 AopProxyFactory 接口中,經過對接口繼承關係的跟蹤,最終在 DefaultAopFactory中找到了其實現方法。
DefaultAopFactory.java
@Override public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException { // 這裏判斷是使用 JDKProxy 的實現或者 CGLIBProxy 的實現 if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) { Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass(); if (targetClass == null) { throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " + "Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation."); } if (targetClass.isInterface()) { return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config); } return new ObjenesisCglibAopProxy(config); } else { return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config); } }
到此已經完成了代理建立。而源碼中提到的 JDK 動態代理 和 CGLIB 字節碼生成代理筆者會在隨後進行介紹,這裏須要注意的是if中的三個判斷條件:(1)optimize:用來控制經過CGLIB建立的代理是否使用激進的優化策略。除非徹底瞭解AOP。不然不推薦。目前這個屬性也僅僅用於 CGLIB。(2)proxyTargetClass:這個屬性爲 true 時,目標類自己本代理而不是目標類的接口。若是這個屬性值被設爲 true,CGLIB 代理將被建立,設置方式:<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/>。(3)hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces:是否存在代理接口。
Spring AOP 內動態生成代理有兩種方法:JDK 和 CGLIB。通常狀況下,若是目標對象實現了接口,默認狀況下會採用 JDK 動態代理實現 AOP。若是目標對象實現了接口,能夠強制使用 CGLIB 實現 AOP。若是目標對象沒有實現接口,必須採用 CGLIB,Spring 會自動在 JDK動態代理和 CGLIB 之間轉化。並且,JDK 動態代理只能對實現了接口的類生成代理,而不能針對類。CGLIB是針對類實現代理的,但主要是對指定的類生成一個子類,覆蓋其中的方法,是繼承實現,因此該類或方法最好不要聲明成 final。
這裏須要特別注意的是 AopProxy 接口,經過上面的代碼咱們知道了,AopProxy 纔是生成代理的主要位置。而前面看到的 ProxyFactory 在 AopProxy 代理對象和IOC容器配置之間僅僅起一個橋樑做用。AopProxy 代理對象能夠由 JDK 或 CGLIB 來生成,而下面是他們的層次關係:
在對於 JDK 代理的使用中,JDK 動態代理的實現類 JdkDynamicAopProxy,而 JdkDynamicAopProxy 類最爲核心的是 InvocationHandler 接口。而在 JdkDynamicAopProxy 類的方法裏較爲重要的有三個:構造函數、invoke 方法和 getProxy 方法。下面我就一個個的進行分析:
JdkDynamicAopProxy.java
public JdkDynamicAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException { Assert.notNull(config, "AdvisedSupport must not be null"); if (config.getAdvisors().length == 0 && config.getTargetSource() == AdvisedSupport.EMPTY_TARGET_SOURCE) { throw new AopConfigException("No advisors and no TargetSource specified"); } this.advised = config; }
從源碼咱們能夠看出,構造函數主要適用於傳值。
JdkDynamicAopProxy.java
@Override public Object getProxy(ClassLoader classLoader) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Creating JDK dynamic proxy: target source is " + this.advised.getTargetSource()); } Class<?>[] proxiedInterfaces = AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised); findDefinedEqualsAndHashCodeMethods(proxiedInterfaces); return Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, this); }
而 getProxy 方法則是用於獲取生成的代理對象的,是必不可少的方法。
JdkDynamicAopProxy.java
@Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { MethodInvocation invocation; Object oldProxy = null; boolean setProxyContext = false; TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.targetSource; Class<?> targetClass = null; Object target = null; try { // equals 方法的處理 if (!this.equalsDefined && AopUtils.isEqualsMethod(method)) { return equals(args[0]); } // hash 方法的處理 if (!this.hashCodeDefined && AopUtils.isHashCodeMethod(method)) { return hashCode(); } if (!this.advised.opaque && method.getDeclaringClass().isInterface() && method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(Advised.class)) { // Service invocations on ProxyConfig with the proxy config... return AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(this.advised, method, args); } Object retVal; // 有時候目標對象內部的自我調用將沒法實施切面中的加強 // 則須要經過屬性暴露代理 if (this.advised.exposeProxy) { // Make invocation available if necessary. oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy); setProxyContext = true; } target = targetSource.getTarget(); if (target != null) { targetClass = target.getClass(); } // 獲取當前方法的攔截器 List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass); if (chain.isEmpty()) { // 若是沒有發現任何攔截器那麼直接調入切點方法 retVal = AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(target, method, args); } else { // 將攔截器封裝在 ReflectiveMethodInvocation // 以便於使用期 proceed 進行連接表用攔截器 invocation = new ReflectiveMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain); // 執行攔截器鏈 retVal = invocation.proceed(); } // 返回結果 Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType(); if (retVal != null && retVal == target && returnType.isInstance(proxy) && !RawTargetAccess.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getDeclaringClass())) { retVal = proxy; } else if (retVal == null && returnType != Void.TYPE && returnType.isPrimitive()) { throw new AopInvocationException( "Null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: " + method); } return retVal; } finally { if (target != null && !targetSource.isStatic()) { targetSource.releaseTarget(target); } if (setProxyContext) { AopContext.setCurrentProxy(oldProxy); } } }
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java
@Override public Object proceed() throws Throwable { // 執行完全部加強後執行切點方法 if (this.currentInterceptorIndex == this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.size() - 1) { return invokeJoinpoint(); } // 獲取下一個要執行的攔截器 Object interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice = this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.get(++this.currentInterceptorIndex); if (interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice instanceof InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher) { // 動態匹配 InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher dm = (InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice; if (dm.methodMatcher.matches(this.method, this.targetClass, this.arguments)) { return dm.interceptor.invoke(this); } else { // 不匹配則不執行攔截器 return proceed(); } } else { // 將 this 做爲參數傳遞以保證檔期實例中調用鏈的執行 return ((MethodInterceptor) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice).invoke(this); } }
經過源碼咱們知道,invoke 方法是其核心邏輯實現的地方。其主要的工做就是建立一個攔截器鏈,而後使用 ReflectiveMethodInvocation 類對鏈進行封裝,最後經過 proceed 方法對攔截器進行逐個調用,而 proceed 方法負責實現方法前調用以及後置調用的邏輯處理,而後將工做委託給各個加強器,在加強器內部實現具體邏輯。
CGLIB 是一個強大的高性能的代碼生成包。Spring AOP 中完成 CGLIB 代理是託付給 CglibAopProxy 類來實現的,而也動態代理類似 getProxy 方法是這個類的主要入口。
CglibAopProxy.java
@Override public Object getProxy(ClassLoader classLoader) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Creating CGLIB proxy: target source is " + this.advised.getTargetSource()); } try { Class<?> rootClass = this.advised.getTargetClass(); Assert.state(rootClass != null, "Target class must be available for creating a CGLIB proxy"); Class<?> proxySuperClass = rootClass; if (ClassUtils.isCglibProxyClass(rootClass)) { proxySuperClass = rootClass.getSuperclass(); Class<?>[] additionalInterfaces = rootClass.getInterfaces(); for (Class<?> additionalInterface : additionalInterfaces) { this.advised.addInterface(additionalInterface); } } // 驗證 Class validateClassIfNecessary(proxySuperClass, classLoader); // 建立及配置 Enhancer Enhancer enhancer = createEnhancer(); if (classLoader != null) { enhancer.setClassLoader(classLoader); if (classLoader instanceof SmartClassLoader && ((SmartClassLoader) classLoader).isClassReloadable(proxySuperClass)) { enhancer.setUseCache(false); } } enhancer.setSuperclass(proxySuperClass); enhancer.setInterfaces(AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised)); enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE); enhancer.setStrategy(new UndeclaredThrowableStrategy(UndeclaredThrowableException.class)); // 設置攔截器 Callback[] callbacks = getCallbacks(rootClass); Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[callbacks.length]; for (int x = 0; x < types.length; x++) { types[x] = callbacks[x].getClass(); } // fixedInterceptorMap only populated at this point, after getCallbacks call above enhancer.setCallbackFilter(new ProxyCallbackFilter( this.advised.getConfigurationOnlyCopy(), this.fixedInterceptorMap, this.fixedInterceptorOffset)); enhancer.setCallbackTypes(types); // 生成代理類以及建立代理 return createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks); } catch (CodeGenerationException ex) { throw new AopConfigException("Could not generate CGLIB subclass of class [" + this.advised.getTargetClass() + "]: " + "Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class", ex); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { throw new AopConfigException("Could not generate CGLIB subclass of class [" + this.advised.getTargetClass() + "]: " + "Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class", ex); } catch (Exception ex) { // TargetSource.getTarget() failed throw new AopConfigException("Unexpected AOP exception", ex); } }
CGLIB 的實現最重要的就是 Enhancer。以上函數完整地闡述了建立 Spring 的 Enhancer 過程,這裏值得注意的是設置攔截器鏈 getCallbacks 方法。
CglibAopProxy.java
private Callback[] getCallbacks(Class<?> rootClass) throws Exception { // 對於 expose-proxy 屬性的處理 boolean exposeProxy = this.advised.isExposeProxy(); boolean isFrozen = this.advised.isFrozen(); boolean isStatic = this.advised.getTargetSource().isStatic(); // 將攔截器封裝在 DynamicAdvisedInterceptor 中 Callback aopInterceptor = new DynamicAdvisedInterceptor(this.advised); // Choose a "straight to target" interceptor. (used for calls that are // unadvised but can return this). May be required to expose the proxy. Callback targetInterceptor; if (exposeProxy) { targetInterceptor = isStatic ? new StaticUnadvisedExposedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) : new DynamicUnadvisedExposedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource()); } else { targetInterceptor = isStatic ? new StaticUnadvisedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) : new DynamicUnadvisedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource()); } // Choose a "direct to target" dispatcher (used for // unadvised calls to static targets that cannot return this). Callback targetDispatcher = isStatic ? new StaticDispatcher(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) : new SerializableNoOp(); Callback[] mainCallbacks = new Callback[]{ aopInterceptor, // 將攔截器鏈加入 Callback 中 targetInterceptor, // invoke target without considering advice, if optimized new SerializableNoOp(), // no override for methods mapped to this targetDispatcher, this.advisedDispatcher, new EqualsInterceptor(this.advised), new HashCodeInterceptor(this.advised) }; Callback[] callbacks; // If the target is a static one and the advice chain is frozen, // then we can make some optimisations by sending the AOP calls // direct to the target using the fixed chain for that method. if (isStatic && isFrozen) { Method[] methods = rootClass.getMethods(); Callback[] fixedCallbacks = new Callback[methods.length]; this.fixedInterceptorMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>(methods.length); // TODO: small memory optimisation here (can skip creation for methods with no advice) for (int x = 0; x < methods.length; x++) { List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(methods[x], rootClass); fixedCallbacks[x] = new FixedChainStaticTargetInterceptor( chain, this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget(), this.advised.getTargetClass()); this.fixedInterceptorMap.put(methods[x].toString(), x); } // Now copy both the callbacks from mainCallbacks // and fixedCallbacks into the callbacks array. callbacks = new Callback[mainCallbacks.length + fixedCallbacks.length]; System.arraycopy(mainCallbacks, 0, callbacks, 0, mainCallbacks.length); System.arraycopy(fixedCallbacks, 0, callbacks, mainCallbacks.length, fixedCallbacks.length); this.fixedInterceptorOffset = mainCallbacks.length; } else { callbacks = mainCallbacks; } return callbacks; }
至此,Spring 源碼分析部分就完了,固然這僅僅是他衆多實現中的一種。
——水門(2016年3月於杭州)