git 是分佈式代碼管理工具,愈來愈多的企業使用它。因此掌握git的使用相當重要。它的遠端管理是基於ssh,因此在使用遠端git的時候須要進行ssh配置。
ssh是一種免密登陸,使用的rsa非對稱加密來進行服務器認證;html
首先你須要擁有gitlab或是github的一套帳號,而後設置git的user name 和 user email:
# git 全局設置帳號 git config --global user.name "your name" git config --global user.email "your e-mail"
cd $USER cd .ssh #若是存在,須要備份能夠備份下,若是不須要能夠直接覆蓋 ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your e-mail" #生成 ssh
執行結果:git
最終獲得 id_rsa 和 id_rsa.pubgithub
打開https://gitlab.company.com/ ,使用本身帳號登陸,而後添加ssh密鑰;
主頁頭像 -> profile -> SSH Keys -> Add keyshell
將id_rsa.pub文件中的內容添加上去,而後點擊Add key;服務器
ssh git@gitlab.company.com #會出現以下提示,說明連接成功 The authenticity of host 'gitlab.company.com (100.98.137.229)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:WiQ1s8RKGjQpO0ICFY3NV2Hs0axwIbrv6j6q0XJsdsc. RSA key fingerprint is MD5:6c:8d:0f:09:31:c9:08:9b:67:48:09:7c:d9:46:65:3e. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'gitlab.company.com,100.98.137.229' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 Welcome to GitLab, your name! Connection to gitlab.company.com closed.
建立一個新的倉庫
git clone git@gitlab.company.com:yaoname/my-test-git-project.git cd my-test-git-project touch README.md git add README.md git commit -m "add README" git push -u origin master touch .gitignore vi .gitignore #編輯 git add .gitignore git commit -m "add .gitignore" git push -u origin master
本地倉庫和遠端倉庫創建鏈接app
cd existing_folder git init git remote add origin git@gitlab.company.com:yourname/my-test-git-project.git git add . git commit git push -u origin master
git基本操做講解
The most commonly used git commands are: add Add file contents to the index bisect Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug branch List, create, or delete branches checkout Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree clone Clone a repository into a new directory commit Record changes to the repository diff Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc fetch Download objects and refs from another repository grep Print lines matching a pattern init Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one log Show commit logs merge Join two or more development histories together mv Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink pull Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch push Update remote refs along with associated objects rebase Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head reset Reset current HEAD to the specified state rm Remove files from the working tree and from the index show Show various types of objects status Show the working tree status tag Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
git init
git add . #或 git add * 提交全部文件 git add README.md #提交指定文件 git add folder/ #提交某個文件夾下面的全部文件
git commit -m '註解'
git pull origin master
git push origin master
git fetch
git branch -a #查看全部分支 git branch --list #查看本地分支 git branch feature/20181017.business.chao #建立分支 git checkout feature/20181017.business.chao #切換分支 #或直接建立而且切換 git checkout -b feature/20181017.business01.chao git push origin feature/20181017.business01.chao #推送到遠端 git pull origin feature/20181017.business01.chao #從遠端拉取 #刪除 git branch -d/-D feature/20181017.business01.chao #刪除本地 git push origin --delete feature/20181017.business01.chao #刪除遠端分
git status
#當前分支 git checkout feature/20181017.business01.chao touch 1.txt vi 1.txt # 編輯內容而後提交到遠端 git checkout git checkout feature/20181017.business.chao git merge feature/20181017.business01.chao #合併本地分支
git grep --text "test" #使用git grep -h 查看更多用法
git diff master #比較兩個分支的不一樣
git log -n 10 #查看最近10條提交記錄
touch 2.txt git add 2.txt git commit -m 'add 2.txt' git rm 2.txt #刪除已經提交到本地倉庫的文件
git checkout master git tag --list #查看全部標籤 git tag v1.0 #添加tag git tag --list 'v1.*' # 列出version爲1的全部子版本
git show #展現項目的各類類型 commit eaa7f945204bed8f2b01d284d99fcf0b3ac3029e Author: chao <chao@yourcompany.com> Date: Wed Oct 17 06:16:26 2018 +0000 add README diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7088fed --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + +# this is repositry
git rebase branchName #消除本分支下面的commit git rebase --continue #在rebase的過程當中,也許會出現衝突(conflict). 在這種狀況,Git會中止rebase並會讓你去解決 衝突;在解決完衝突後,用"git-add"命令去更新這些內容的索引(index), 而後,你無需執行 git-commit,只要執行 git rebase --abort #在任什麼時候候,你能夠用--abort參數來終止rebase的行動,而且"mywork" 分支會回到rebase開始前的狀態
#儲藏使用名稱和不使用名稱保存未提交到倉庫的(暫存和非暫存) git stash git stash save "stash-name-1" #變動統計 git stash show #每次儲藏 git stash list #恢復到git版本管理中 git stash pop #彈出棧 #經過名字使用儲藏 git stash apply #刪除 git stash drop #清空 git stash clear #直接使用stash建立分支 git stash branch testbranch
git revert commit_id
git reset --hard HEAD^ #回退到上個版本 git reset --hard HEAD~3 #回退到前3次提交以前,以此類推,回退到n次提交以前 git reset --hard commit_id #退到/進到 指定commit的sha碼 git push origin HEAD --force #強推到遠端,使用git push 推送推送失敗
git bisect start #開啓查找 git bisect good v2.6.18 git bisect bad master #查找報錯的版本
#查找到對應的文件 find . -name .DS_Store -print0 | xargs -0 git rm -f --ignore-unmatch #加入git忽略 echo .DS_Store >> ~/.gitignore #add git add --all #提交忽略 git commit -m '.DS_Store banished!'