能夠經過如下命令拉取nginx和tomcat鏡像做爲測試php
[root@docker /]# docker pull nginx [root@docker /]# docker pull tomcat
[root@docker /]# docker run --name=my_nginx -p 8000:80 -d nginx
--name: 爲nginx容器指定一個名稱方便管理
-p: 將nginx內部80端口代理到宿主機8000端口,能夠經過宿主機:8000
訪問nginx 80端口
-d: 後臺運行html
[root@docker /]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1833fcff605b nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp my_nginx
http://192.168.43.32:8000/
查看是否可以訪問,或者使用curl命令(推薦)[root@docker /]# curl http://192.168.43.32:8000 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> ....
進入nginx容器後臺java
[root@docker /]# docker exec -it my_nginx bash root@1833fcff605b:/# cd /etc/nginx/ root@1833fcff605b:/etc/nginx# ls -l total 36 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 26 Dec 26 18:16 conf.d -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1007 Dec 26 11:11 fastcgi_params -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2837 Dec 26 11:11 koi-utf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2223 Dec 26 11:11 koi-win -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5170 Dec 26 11:11 mime.types lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Dec 26 11:11 modules -> /usr/lib/nginx/modules -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 643 Dec 26 11:11 nginx.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 636 Dec 26 11:11 scgi_params -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664 Dec 26 11:11 uwsgi_params -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3610 Dec 26 11:11 win-utf
nginx.conf是nginx主要配置文件,能夠經過more命令查看nginx.conf(容器默認不安裝vi工具)node
root@1833fcff605b:/etc/nginx# more nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; }
注意到最後一行配置include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include能夠將其餘配置文件導入,進入/etc/nginx/conf.d/
目錄下查看nginx
root@1833fcff605b:/etc/nginx# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ root@1833fcff605b:/etc/nginx/conf.d# ls default.conf
default.confweb
root@1833fcff605b:/etc/nginx/conf.d# more default.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} }
#表示註釋能夠忽略
server:表明虛擬服務器,下面會解釋什麼是虛擬服務器
server_name:服務器名稱
location:訪問路徑匹配規則,這也是nginx最靈活的地方,可使用正則表達式
解釋下什麼是虛擬服務器
若是給nginx服務器在dns上配置兩個域名
domain1.nginx.com
domain2.nginx.com
用戶訪問這兩個域名,你可能但願他們訪問同一個後臺服務,也可能但願訪問不一樣的後臺服務
那麼在nginx裏就能夠配置兩個虛擬服務器也就是兩個server節點正則表達式
server { listen 80; server_name domain1.nginx.com; ... } server { listen 80; server_name domain2.nginx.com; ... }
兩個虛擬服務器監聽同一個端口80.nginx能夠根據用戶訪問的host(http頭部host)字段代理到不一樣服務器上docker
location->root:靜態資源目錄,web靜態資源如圖片,js,html可經過該方式存放
location->index:如用戶未指定請求資源名稱,默認訪問index指定的文件,如訪問http://host:port/html/
則默認訪問http://host:port/html/index.html
shell
咱們假設有如下三個場景瀏覽器
宿主機有個目錄存儲靜態資源,須要經過nginx代理出去,用戶訪問http://host:port/resource/xxxx
訪問
tomcat服務器(docker容器)上運行一個web程序,須要經過nginx代理出去,web程序context root爲WebTestApp
該web程序運行在兩個tomcat容器中,須要經過nginx作負載均衡
docker容器每次重啓都是一個新的環境,也就是說在docker容器內作的任何修改都將被還原,但nginx的配置文件是在docker容器內,咱們若是直接進行修改每次重啓後都會被還原,這並非咱們所但願的,因此首先須要將配置文件從docker容器中"搬到"宿主機上,這裏會經過docker的卷(volume)實現。
volume能夠將本地文件掛載到docker容器內,這樣容器重啓後信息不會丟失
對於nginx,能夠將nginx.conf文件和conf.d目錄從容器內部"搬"出來
在本地建立nginx.conf文件和conf.d目錄
[root@docker /]# mkdir -p /u01/nginx [root@docker /]# mkdir -p /u01/nginx/conf.d [root@docker /]# touch /u01/nginx/nginx.conf [root@docker /]# touch /u01/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
nginx.conf文件和default.conf內容能夠直接從容器內部複製
user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; }
server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} }
從新啓動nginx
[root@docker /]# docker stop my_nginx my_nginx [root@docker /]# docker rm my_nginx my_nginx [root@docker nginx]# docker run --name=my_nginx -v /u01/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /u01/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d -p 8000:80 -d nginx 6efe91858f071a50197da104cdccf8500234f1bf6d0f4f56d3dc5de02261272c [root@docker /]# curl http://192.168.43.32:8000 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> ....
注意到執行了一個 docker rm my_nginx 命令,這是由於容器每次啓動須要指定不一樣的名字,一個名字不能使用屢次,能夠經過 docker ps -a查看全部容器,包括未運行的容器。rm命令能夠刪除指定容器
下面正式配置上面三個場景
在u01目錄下建立目錄resource,並上傳靜態資源
[root@docker resource]# pwd /u01/resource [root@docker resource]# ll total 164 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 147291 Oct 8 2015 angular.min.js -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17189 Nov 3 10:32 docker.jpg [root@docker resource]#
修改/u01/nginx/conf.d/default.conf文件
server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location /resource { root /u01; index index.html index.htm; } }
ps:root是/u01不是/u01/resource。若是root配置成/u01/resource/則nginx會去/u01/resource/resource目錄下尋找文件
從新啓動nginx容器,將resource目錄掛載到容器內部
[root@docker u01]# docker stop my_nginx my_nginx [root@docker u01]# docker rm my_nginx my_nginx [root@docker u01]# docker run --name=my_nginx -v /u01/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /u01/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d -v /u01/resource:/u01/resource -p 8000:80 -d nginx
訪問
http://192.168.43.32:8000/resource/docker.jpg
http://192.168.43.32:8000/resource/angular.min.js
測試配置是否成功(將上面ip替換成宿主機ip)
準備一個servet做爲測試
package com.df.demo; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; public class WebTestService extends HttpServlet { private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=UTF-8"; public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { super.init(config); } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.print("hello docker tomcat"); out.close(); } }
打成war包,包名爲WebTestApp.war,在u01上建立webapps目錄並上傳war包
[root@docker webapps]# pwd /u01/webapps [root@docker webapps]# ls WebTestApp.war
啓動tomcat容器,並將/u01/webapps目錄掛載到tomcat的/usr/local/tomcat/webapps目錄下
[root@docker ~]# docker run --name=my_tomcat1 -v /u01/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -p 8001:8080 -d tomcat [root@docker ~]# curl http://localhost:8001/WebTestApp hello docker tomcat
程序已經成功部署到tomcat上
修改/u01/nginx/conf.d/default.conf文件
server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_pass http://tomcat_server; } }
修改/u01/nginx/nginx.conf在http配置節點中增長如下配置
upstream tomcat_server { server t1:8080; }
upstream 能夠定義一組服務器
proxy_pass 設置代理的服務器,格式爲http://upstream_name
重啓nginx容器,這裏咱們須要使用一個新的docker參數--link
[root@docker u01]# docker run --name=my_nginx1 --link=my_tomcat1:t1 -v /u01/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /u01/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d -p 8000:80 -d nginx [root@docker ~]# curl http://192.168.43.32:8000/WebTestApp hello docker tomcat
ps:這裏換了一個名字my_nginx1,用原來的名字my_nginx沒法啓動容器,會報如下錯誤
2018/01/27 08:40:44 [emerg] 1#1: host not found in upstream "t1:8080" in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:30 nginx: [emerg] host not found in upstream "t1:8080" in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:30
t1沒法找到,但若是不使用--name指定名稱可正常啓動,緣由未知。
link參數能夠在兩個容器之間創建網絡鏈接,格式爲--link=my_tomcat1:t1 my_tomcat1爲容器名稱,t1爲取的別名
可登陸nginx容器查看/etc/hosts文件,docker會將t1加入到hosts文件中
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it my_nginx1 bash root@fa5f782b9448:/# more /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.5 t1 1f9b1d432ab0 my_tomcat1 172.17.0.6 fa5f782b9448
upstream tomcat_server { server t1:8080; server t2:8080; }
[root@docker ~]# docker run --name=my_tomcat2 -v /u01/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -d tomcat
[root@docker /]# docker stop my_nginx1 [root@docker /]# dcoker rm my_nginx1 [root@docker /]# docker run --name=my_nginx1 --link=my_tomcat1:t1 --link=my_tomcat2:t2 -v /u01/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /u01/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d -p 8000:80 -d nginx [root@docker ~]# curl http://192.168.43.32:8000/WebTestApp hello docker tomcat