【Socket】linux網絡多路複用IO技術

 

1.mystery引入

 

   １）Select是一種多路複用IO輸入輸出模式，在linux的輸入輸出編程中經過select的輪詢機制，發現可用/可讀或可寫的接口。
   ２）低級socket程序中有一個共同點：都是基於阻塞式的編程方式
   ３）非阻塞式是函數調用時不阻塞，無論函數執行成功與否，都會當即返回。
   ４）優勢：程序效率提高
   ５）缺點：返回的結果每每是錯誤的類型碼
   ６）解決方案：Select機制。

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２.實例操做

 

   １）基於Select模式實現一個網絡echo的服務程序，即客戶端向服務端發送信息，服務器接收到信息後，再將信息原樣轉發給客戶端
   ２）須要設置Select函數
   ３）若當前有新鏈接，則加入到客戶端套接字集合，若數量過載，則斷開本次鏈接，併發送提示信息：sorry overload
   ４）源代碼

//selectsocket.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 5555  
#define QUEUE_LENGTH 5   
#define BUF_SIZE 200
int main(void)
{
    int server_socket, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;  
    struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
    socklen_t sin_size;
    int client_socket[QUEUE_LENGTH];  
    int conn_num;  
    int yes = 1;
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int ret;
    int i;
    if ((server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        return 0;
    }
    if (setsockopt(server_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(int)) == -1)
    {
        perror("setsockopt");
        return 0;
    }
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;       
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);   
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    memset(server_addr.sin_zero, '\0', sizeof(server_addr.sin_zero));
    if (bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1)
    {
        perror("bind");
        return 0;
    }
    if (listen(server_socket, 5) == -1)
    {
        perror("listen");
        return 0;
    }
    printf("listen port %d\n", SERVER_PORT);
    fd_set clientfdset;
    int maxsock;
    struct timeval tv;
    conn_num = 0;
    sin_size = sizeof(client_addr);
    maxsock = server_socket;
    while (1)
    {
        // initialize file descriptor set
        FD_ZERO(&clientfdset);
        FD_SET(server_socket, &clientfdset);
        // timeout setting
        tv.tv_sec = 15;
        tv.tv_usec = 0;
        // add active connection to fd set
        for (i = 0; i < QUEUE_LENGTH; i++)
        {
            if (client_socket[i] != 0)
            {
                FD_SET(client_socket[i], &clientfdset);
            }
        }
        ret = select(maxsock + 1, &clientfdset, NULL, NULL, &tv);
        if (ret < 0)
        {
            perror("select");
            break;
        }
        else if (ret == 0)
        {
            printf("waitting timeout\n");
            continue;
        }
        // check every fd in the set
        for (i = 0; i < conn_num; i++)
        {
            if (FD_ISSET(client_socket[i], &clientfdset))
            {
                ret = recv(client_socket[i], buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
                if (ret <= 0)
                {      
                    printf("client[%d] close\n", i);
                    close(client_socket[i]);
                    FD_CLR(client_socket[i], &clientfdset);
                    client_socket[i] = 0;
                }
                else
                {   
                    printf("Client[%d] msg:%s\n", i, buf);
                    send(client_socket[i], buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
                }
            }
        }
        if (FD_ISSET(server_socket, &clientfdset))
        {
            new_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &sin_size);
            if (new_socket <= 0)
            {
                perror("accept");
                continue;
            }
            if (conn_num < QUEUE_LENGTH)
            {
                client_socket[conn_num++] = new_socket;
                printf("new client[%d] %s:%d\n", conn_num,
                    inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
                if (new_socket > maxsock)
                    maxsock = new_socket;
            }
            else
            {
                send(new_socket, "sorry overload!", sizeof("sorry overload!"), 0);
                close(new_socket);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < QUEUE_LENGTH; i++)
    {
        if (client_socket[i] != 0)
        {
            close(client_socket[i]);
        }
    }
}

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３.mystery注解

 

   １）設置高級socket屬性參數中的應用參數SO_REUSERADDR,實現地址的可重複利用
   ２）FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *fdset)：向文件描述符集合中增長一個新的文件描述符

   ３）FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *fdset)：向文件描述符集合中刪除一個文件描述符