ADO.NET就是一組類庫,這組類庫可讓咱們經過程序的方式訪問數據庫,就像System.IO下的類用類操做文件同樣, System.Data.這組類是用來操做數據庫(不光是MSSql Server),它提供了統一的編程接口讓操做其它數據庫(Access、Oracle等)的方式和操做MSSql Server一致。html
Connection:主要是開啓程序和數據庫之間的鏈接。沒有利用鏈接對象將數據庫打開,是沒法從數據庫中取得數據的。Close和Dispose的區別,Close之後還能夠Open,Dispose之後則不能再用。git
Command:主要能夠用來對數據庫發出一些指令,例如能夠對數據庫下達查詢、新增、修改、刪除數據等指令,以及調用存在數據庫中的存儲過程等。這個對象是架構在Connection 對象上,也就是Command 對象是透過鏈接到數據源。sql
DataAdapter:主要是在數據源以及DataSet 之間執行數據傳輸的工做,它能夠透過Command 對象下達命令後,並將取得的數據放入DataSet 對象中。這個對象是架構在Command對象上,並提供了許多配合DataSet 使用的功能。數據庫
DataSet:這個對象能夠視爲一個暫存區(Cache),能夠把從數據庫中所查詢到的數據保留起來,甚至能夠將整個數據庫顯示出來,DataSet是放在內存中的。DataSet 的能力不僅是能夠儲存多個Table 而已,還能夠透過DataAdapter對象取得一些例如主鍵等的數據表結構,並能夠記錄數據表間的關聯。DataSet 對象能夠說是ADO.NET 中重量級的對象,這個對象架構在DataAdapter對象上,自己不具有和數據源溝通的能力;也就是說咱們是將DataAdapter對象當作DataSet 對象以及數據源間傳輸數據的橋樑。DataSet包含若干DataTable、DataTableTable包含若干DataRow。編程
DataReader:當咱們只須要循序的讀取數據而不須要其它操做時,可使用DataReader 對象。DataReader對象只是一次一筆向下循序的讀取數據源中的數據,這些數據是存在數據庫服務器中的,而不是一次性加載到程序的內存中的,只能(經過遊標)讀取當前行的數據,並且這些數據是隻讀的,並不容許做其它的操做。由於DataReader 在讀取數據的時候限制了每次只讀取一筆,並且只能只讀,因此使用起來不但節省資源並且效率很好。使用DataReader 對象除了效率較好以外,由於不用把數據所有傳回,故能夠下降網絡的負載。服務器
ADO.NET 使用Connection 對象來鏈接數據庫,使用Command 或DataAdapter對象來執行SQL語句,並將執行的結果返回給DataReader 或 DataAdapter ,而後再使用取得的DataReader 或DataAdapter 對象操做數據結果。網絡
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //連接字符串 const string conStr = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=ADO_NET_Simple;Integrated Security=True"; //鏈接通道 SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(conStr); //打開連接 conn.Open(); //命令對象 SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand(); //指定連接通道 comm.Connection = conn; //即將執行的sql命令 comm.CommandText = "update Students set StudentName=StudentName"; //提交命令到數據庫 //ExecuteNonQuery() 執行對數據庫的增刪改,返回受影響的行數, //適合:insert、delete、update(對於其餘語句返回-1) int result = comm.ExecuteNonQuery(); //關閉連接 conn.Close(); Console.WriteLine("({0} 行受影響)",result); Console.ReadKey(); } }
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //連接字符串 const string conStr = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=ADO_NET_Simple;Integrated Security=True"; //鏈接通道 SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(conStr); //打開連接 conn.Open(); //命令對象 SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand(); //指定連接通道 comm.Connection = conn; //即將執行的sql命令 comm.CommandText = "select count(*) from Students"; //提交命令到數據庫 //ExecuteScalar() 執行查詢,返回結果集的首行首列 object result = comm.ExecuteScalar(); //關閉連接 conn.Close(); Console.WriteLine("總共有{0}條數據", result); Console.ReadKey(); } }
public partial class Form1 : Form { const string ConStr = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=ADO_NET_Simple;Integrated Security=True"; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// 使用ExecuteReader讀取一行數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnOnce_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader("select top 1 * from Students"); Student student = ConvertSqlDataReaderToStudent(dr); //爲了讓數據可以在DataGridView裏顯示, List<Student> list = new List<Student>() { student }; dgvStudentList.DataSource = list; } /// <summary> /// 使用ExecuteReader讀取多行行數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnMore_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader("select * from Students"); List<Student> list = ConvertSqlDataReaderToStudents(dr); dgvStudentList.DataSource = list; } /// <summary> /// 獲取 SqlDataReader /// </summary> /// <param name="cmdText"></param> /// <returns></returns> private SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string cmdText) { //鏈接通道 SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConStr); //打開連接 if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open) conn.Open(); //命令對象 SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand(); //指定連接通道 comm.Connection = conn; //即將執行的sql命令 comm.CommandText = cmdText; //提交命令到數據庫 //ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection), //在執行該命令時,若是關閉關聯的 DataReader 對象,則關聯的 Connection 對象也將關閉 SqlDataReader dr = comm.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); return dr; } /// <summary> /// 將 SqlDataReader 對象轉換爲 Student對象 /// </summary> /// <param name="dr"></param> /// <returns></returns> private Student ConvertSqlDataReaderToStudent(SqlDataReader dr) { if (!dr.Read()) return null; Student student = new Student { StudentId = (int)dr["StudentId"], StudentName = dr["StudentName"].ToString(), StudentGender = (bool)dr["StudentGender"], StudentAge = (int)dr["StudentAge"], GradeId = (int)dr["GradeId"] }; return student; } /// <summary> /// 將 SqlDataReader 對象轉換爲 Student列表 /// </summary> /// <param name="dr"></param> /// <returns></returns> private List<Student> ConvertSqlDataReaderToStudents(SqlDataReader dr) { List<Student> list = new List<Student>(); while (dr.Read()) { Student student = new Student { StudentId = (int)dr["StudentId"], StudentName = dr["StudentName"].ToString(), StudentGender = (bool)dr["StudentGender"], StudentAge = (int)dr["StudentAge"], GradeId = (int)dr["GradeId"] }; list.Add(student); } return list; } } /// <summary> /// 學生實體類 /// </summary> public class Student { #region Model /// <summary> /// 主鍵 /// </summary> public int StudentId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 姓名 /// </summary> public string StudentName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 性別 true:男; false:女 /// </summary> public bool StudentGender { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 年齡 /// </summary> public int StudentAge { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 所屬班級主鍵 /// </summary> public int GradeId { get; set; } #endregion Model }
public partial class Form1 : Form { const string ConStr = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=ADO_NET_Simple;Integrated Security=True"; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DataTable dt = ExecuteDataTable("select * from Students"); dgvStudentList.DataSource = dt; } /// <summary> /// 獲取 DataTable /// </summary> /// <param name="cmdText"></param> /// <returns></returns> private DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string cmdText) { //實例化一個 SqlDataAdapter SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmdText, ConStr); //實例化一個 DataTable DataTable dt = new DataTable(); //將數據填充到 dt da.Fill(dt); return dt; } }
public partial class Form1 : Form { const string ConStr = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=ADO_NET_Simple;Integrated Security=True"; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// 綁定數據到 datagridview /// </summary> private void BindData() { //查詢語句 string sql = "select * from Students"; //標記是否有 where關鍵字 bool hasWhere = false; List<SqlParameter> parameters=new List<SqlParameter>(); if (txtName.Text.Trim()!="") { sql += " where StudentName like @name"; hasWhere = true; parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("name", string.Format("%{0}%", txtName.Text.Trim()))); } if (nudAge.Text.Trim()!="") { if (!hasWhere) { sql += " where StudentAge = @age"; } else { sql += " and StudentAge = @age"; } parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("age", nudAge.Text.Trim())); } DataTable dt = ExecuteDataTable(sql, parameters.ToArray()); dgvStudentList.DataSource = dt; } /// <summary> /// 獲取 DataTable /// </summary> /// <param name="cmdText"></param> /// <param name="parameters">qlParameters 對象</param> /// <returns></returns> private DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string cmdText,params SqlParameter[] parameters) { //實例化一個 SqlDataAdapter SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmdText, ConStr); //設置參數 da.SelectCommand.Parameters.AddRange(parameters); //實例化一個 DataTable DataTable dt = new DataTable(); //將數據填充到 dt da.Fill(dt); return dt; } private void btnParameters_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { BindData(); } }
public partial class Form1 : Form { const string ConStr = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=ADO_NET_Simple;Integrated Security=True"; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { using (SqlConnection conn=new SqlConnection(ConStr)) { conn.Open(); //開啓事務 SqlTransaction transaction = conn.BeginTransaction(); try { string sql = "update Banks set Money+=1000 where id=3"; //用SqlTransaction初始化SqlCommand SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand(sql, conn,transaction); comm.ExecuteNonQuery(); sql = "update Banks set Money-=1000 where id=2"; comm.CommandText = sql; comm.ExecuteNonQuery(); transaction.Commit(); MessageBox.Show("轉帳成功"); } catch (Exception ex) { transaction.Rollback(); MessageBox.Show("轉帳失敗\n" + ex.Message); } } } }
public partial class Form1 : Form { const string ConStr = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=ADO_NET_Simple;Integrated Security=True"; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } private void btnNoParameter_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("usp_selectStudents", ConStr); //用存儲過程來解釋命令字符串 da.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; DataTable dt = new DataTable(); da.Fill(dt); dgvStudents.DataSource = dt; lblOutPut.Text = ""; lblResult.Text = ""; } private void btnInput_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("usp_selectStudents", ConStr); //用存儲過程來解釋命令字符串 da.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; //設置參數,和參數化查詢一致 da.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("name", "周")); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); da.Fill(dt); dgvStudents.DataSource = dt; lblOutPut.Text = ""; lblResult.Text = ""; } private void btnOutPut_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("usp_selectStudents", ConStr); //用存儲過程來解釋命令字符串 da.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; //設置參數,和參數化查詢一致 da.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("name", "周")); da.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("sumAge",SqlDbType.Int)); //指定參數是輸出參數 da.SelectCommand.Parameters["sumAge"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; DataTable dt = new DataTable(); da.Fill(dt); dgvStudents.DataSource = dt; //獲取輸出參數 object outPut = da.SelectCommand.Parameters["sumAge"].Value; lblOutPut.Text = "輸出參數是:" + outPut; lblResult.Text = ""; } private void btnResult_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("usp_selectStudents", ConStr); //用存儲過程來解釋命令字符串 da.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; //設置參數,和參數化查詢一致 da.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("name", "周")); da.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("sumAge", SqlDbType.Int)); da.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("count", SqlDbType.Int)); //指定參數是輸出參數 da.SelectCommand.Parameters["sumAge"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; //指定參數是返回值參數 da.SelectCommand.Parameters["count"].Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue; DataTable dt = new DataTable(); da.Fill(dt); dgvStudents.DataSource = dt; //獲取輸出參數 object outPut = da.SelectCommand.Parameters["sumAge"].Value; //獲取返回值參數 object result = da.SelectCommand.Parameters["count"].Value; lblOutPut.Text = "輸出參數是:" + outPut; lblResult.Text = "返回值是是:" + result; } }
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