Spring Boot2(四):使用Spring Boot多數據源實現過程

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前言

實際業務場景中,不可能只有一個庫,因此就有了分庫分表,多數據源的出現。實現了讀寫分離,主庫負責增改刪,從庫負責查詢。這篇文章將實現Spring Boot如何實現多數據源,動態數據源切換,讀寫分離等操做。java

代碼部署

快速新建項目spring-boot項目mysql

一、添加maven依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
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二、application配置多數據源讀取配置

和以前教程同樣,首先配置application.ymlgit

#指定配置文件爲test
spring:
 profiles:
 active: test

#配置Mybatis
mybatis:
 configuration:
    # 開啓駝峯命名轉換,如:Table(create_time) -> Entity(createTime)。不須要咱們關心怎麼進行字段匹配,mybatis會自動識別`大寫字母與下劃線`
 map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

#打印SQL日誌
logging:
 level:
    com.niaobulashi.mapper.*: DEBUG
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其中打印SQL日誌這塊,由於是多數據源,在mapper包下面區分不一樣的數據庫來源xml文件,因此用*表示。github

配置application-test.yml以下web

spring:
  datasource:
    #主庫
    master:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
      username: root
      password: root
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    #從庫
    slave:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test2?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
      username: root
      password: root
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
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從spring.datasource節點開始,區分主庫master,從庫slave。主庫鏈接的數據庫爲test,從庫鏈接的數據庫爲test2。spring

注意:這裏須要注意的是,從Spring Boot2開始,在配置多數據源時有些配置發生了變化,網上許多教程使用的是spring.datasource.url。會出現jdbcUrl is required with driverClassName.的問題。sql

解決方法:配置多數據源時,將spring.datasource.url配置改成spring.datasource.jdbc-url數據庫

三、添加主庫配置信息

依據知名博主:純潔的微笑,寫的博文咱們來分析一波apache

首先看主庫配置的代碼:

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.niaobulashi.mapper.master", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "masterSqlSessionTemplate")
public class DataSourceMasterConfig {

    /** * 是application-test.yml中的spring.datasource.master配置生效 * @return */
    @Bean(name = "masterDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master")
    @Primary
    public DataSource masterDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    /** * 將配置信息注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean中 * @param dataSource 數據庫鏈接信息 * @return * @throws Exception */
    @Bean(name = "masterSqlSessionFactory")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionFactory masterSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/master/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();
    }

    /** * 事務管理器,在實例化時注入主庫master * @param dataSource * @return */
    @Bean(name = "masterTransactionManager")
    @Primary
    public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    /** * SqlSessionTemplate具備線程安全性 * @param sqlSessionFactory * @return * @throws Exception */
    @Bean(name = "masterSqlSessionTemplate")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionTemplate masterSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("masterSqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }
}
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問題:看這塊masterSqlSessionFactorySqlSessionFactoryBean只獲取了spring.datasource.master數據庫鏈接信息,並無獲取多數據庫的配置信息mybatis.configuration致使咱們須要配置駝峯命名規則,配置信息並無注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean。這樣就致使在查詢是,遇到下劃線沒法解析相應字段user_id,dept_id,create_time

解決方法:在配置中添加Configuration

同時,將配置信息注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean

/** * 將配置信息注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean中 * @param dataSource 數據庫鏈接信息 * @return * @throws Exception */
@Bean(name = "slaveSqlSessionFactory")
public SqlSessionFactory slaveSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
    SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
    // 使配置信息加載到類中,再注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean
    org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration = new org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration();
    configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
    bean.setConfiguration(configuration);
    bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
    bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/slave/*.xml"));
    return bean.getObject();
}
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四、添加從庫配置信息

和添加主庫配置信息同樣,只不過不一樣的是,不須要添加@Primary首選註解

代碼以下

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.niaobulashi.mapper.slave", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "slaveSqlSessionTemplate")
public class DataSourceSlaveConfig {

    /** * 是application-test.yml中的spring.datasource.master配置生效 * @return */
    @Bean(name = "slaveDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave")
    public DataSource slaveDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    /** * 將配置信息注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean中 * @param dataSource 數據庫鏈接信息 * @return * @throws Exception */
    @Bean(name = "slaveSqlSessionFactory")
    public SqlSessionFactory slaveSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        // 使配置信息加載到類中,再注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean
        org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration = new org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration();
        configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
        bean.setConfiguration(configuration);
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/slave/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();
    }

    /** * 事務管理器,在實例化時注入主庫master * @param dataSource * @return */
    @Bean(name = "slaveTransactionManager")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager slaveTransactionManager(@Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    /** * SqlSessionTemplate具備線程安全性 * @param sqlSessionFactory * @return * @throws Exception */
    @Bean(name = "slaveSqlSessionTemplate")
    public SqlSessionTemplate slaveSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("slaveSqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }
}
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五、擴展配置方法會報錯

在網上還看到這樣一種配置,單獨經過@ConfigurationProperties註解配置Mybatis的配置信息以下

/** * 試application.yml中的mybatis.configuration配置生效,若是不主動配置,因爲@Order配置順序不一樣,講致使配置不能及時生效 * 使配置信息加載到類中,再注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean * @return */
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybatis.configuration")
public org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration() {
    return new org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration();
}
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其中prefix,在主庫和從庫中的id是同樣的,必須保持不一樣,不然idea就會提示報錯Duplicate prefix

致使只有主庫能夠執行Mybatis的配置,從庫無效。

@Bean(name = "masterSqlSessionFactory")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionFactory masterSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource dataSource, org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        // 使配置信息加載到類中,再注入到SqlSessionFactoryBean
        bean.setConfiguration(configuration);
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/master/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();
    }
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這塊驗證只有主庫有效,從庫的駝峯方法解析無效。後續再來研究下。。。

六、數據層代碼

代碼結構以下

其中SysUserMasterDao代碼

public interface SysUserMasterDao {
	
	/** * 根據userId查詢用戶信息 * @param userId 用戶ID */
	List<SysUserEntity> queryUserInfo(Long userId);

	/** * 查詢全部用戶信息 */
	List<SysUserEntity> queryUserAll();

	/** * 根據userId更新用戶的郵箱和手機號 * @return */
	int updateUserInfo(SysUserEntity user);

}
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七、resource下數據執行語句

SysCodeMasterDao.xml

<mapper namespace="com.niaobulashi.mapper.master.SysUserMasterDao">

    <!--查詢全部用戶信息-->
    <select id="queryUserAll" resultType="com.niaobulashi.entity.SysUserEntity">
        SELECT
            ur.*
        FROM
            sys_user ur
        WHERE
            1 = 1
    </select>

    <!--根據用戶userId查詢用戶信息-->
    <select id="queryUserInfo" resultType="com.niaobulashi.entity.SysUserEntity">
        SELECT
            ur.*
        FROM
            sys_user ur
        WHERE
            1 = 1
          AND ur.user_id = #{userId}
    </select>

    <!-- 根據UserId,更新郵箱和手機號 -->
    <update id="updateUserInfo" parameterType="com.niaobulashi.entity.SysUserEntity">
        UPDATE sys_user u
        <set>
            <if test="email != null">
                u.email = #{email},
            </if>
            <if test="mobile != null">
                u.mobile = #{mobile},
            </if>
        </set>
        WHERE
        u.user_id = #{userId}
    </update>

</mapper>
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八、Controller層測試

@RestController
public class SysUserController {

    @Autowired
    private SysUserMasterDao sysUserMasterDao;

    @Autowired
    private SysUserSlaveDao sysUserSlaveDao;

    /** * 查詢全部用戶信息Master * @return */
    @RequestMapping("/getUserMasterAll")
    private List<SysUserEntity> getUserMaster() {
        System.out.println("查詢主庫");
        List<SysUserEntity> userList = sysUserMasterDao.queryUserAll();
        return userList;
    }

    /** * 查詢全部用戶信息Slave * @return */
    @RequestMapping("/getUserSlaveAll")
    private List<SysUserEntity> getUserSlave() {
        System.out.println("查詢從庫");
        List<SysUserEntity> userList = sysUserSlaveDao.queryUserAll();
        return userList;
    }

    /** * 根據userId查詢用戶信息Master * @return */
    @RequestMapping("/getUserMasterById")
    private List<SysUserEntity> getUserMasterById(@RequestParam(value = "userId", required = false) Long userId) {
        List<SysUserEntity> userList = sysUserMasterDao.queryUserInfo(userId);
        return userList;
    }

    /** * 根據userId查詢用戶信息Slave * @return */
    @RequestMapping("/getUserSlaveById")
    private List<SysUserEntity> getUserSlaveById(@RequestParam(value = "userId", required = false) Long userId) {
        List<SysUserEntity> userList = sysUserSlaveDao.queryUserInfo(userId);
        return userList;
    }

}
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發送查詢全部用戶接口

主庫:http://localhost:8080/getUserMasterAll

從庫:http://localhost:8080/getUserSlaveAll

總結

一、經過多數據源方式實現數據庫層面的讀寫分離

二、多數據源連接數據庫是,使用spring.datasource.jdbc-url

三、多數據源的mybatis.configuration配置注意須要手動注入SqlSessionFactory

示例代碼-github

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