django rest_framework（四）——APIVIEW

1.使用類視圖APIView重寫API
類視圖APIView，取代@api_view裝飾器，代碼以下：

from rest_framework import status from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.views import APIView from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer class SnippetList(APIView): def get(self, request): snippets = Snippet.objects.all() serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True) return Response(serializer.data) def post(self, request): data = request.data serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) class SnippetDetail(APIView): def get_object(self, pk): try: return Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) except Exception as e: pass def get(self, request, pk): snippet = self.get_object(pk) serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet) return Response(serializer.data) def put(self, request, pk): snippet = self.get_object(pk) serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) def delete(self, request, pk): snippet = self.get_object(pk) snippet.delete() return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

2.編輯urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include from django.contrib import admin from snippets import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()), url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()), url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')) ]

APIView視圖類，調用as_view()方法

3.使用Mixins
Mixins封裝了增刪改查的操做，所以可使用Mixins簡化代碼，以下：

from rest_framework import status from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework import mixins, generics from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer class SnippetList(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Snippet.objects.all() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class SnippetDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Snippet.objects.all() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

SnippetList繼承了mixins的ListModelMixin和CreateModelMixin類，
賦值queryset,serializer_class屬性，
而後定義了get,post方法，分別調用mixins的list，create函數。
SnippetDetail定義相似。

4.使用通用類視圖generics
rest_framework定義了可能的增刪改查組合，優化了多重繼承的繁雜

from rest_framework import generics from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer  class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Snippet.objects.all() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Snippet.objects.all() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer

使用generics的ListCreateAPIView和RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView替代mixins類
同時，去掉了get,post方法

5.使用viewsets進一步簡化
viewsets包含了對一個model的增刪改查所有操做，代碼以下：

from rest_framework import viewsets from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer  class SnippetViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Snippet.objects.all() serializer_class = SnippetSerializer