vue學習之六路由系統

1、vueRouter實現原理

VueRouter的實現原理是根據監控錨點值的改變,從而不斷修改組件內容來實現的,咱們來試試不使用VueRouter,本身實現路由控制,以下代碼:html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <a href="#/login">登陸</a>
        <a href="#/register">註冊</a>
        <a href="#/home">首頁</a>
    </div>


    <script>
        let oDiv = document.getElementById("app");

        window.onhashchange = function () {
            console.log(location.hash);
            switch (location.hash){
                case "#/login":
                    oDiv.innerHTML = `<h1>登陸</h1>`;
                    break;
                case "#/register":
                    oDiv.innerHTML = `<h1>註冊</h1>`;
                    break;
                case "#/home":
                    oDiv.innerHTML = `<h1>首頁</h1>`;
                    break;
                default:
                    oDiv.innerHTML = `<h1>首頁</h1>`;
                    break;
            }
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

  

2、vue路由的安裝使用

2.1下載vue-route.js

https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.jsvue

2.2引入vueRouter並使用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
  <!--1. 引入vue-router-->
  <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

  <div id="app">

  </div>

  <script>
    let Home = {
      template: `
        <div>這是首頁</div>
      `
    };

    let Login = {
      template: `
          <div>登陸頁面</div>
      `
    };

      let Register = {
        template: `
            <div>註冊頁面</div>
        `
      };

      let App = {
        template: `
          <div>
            <router-link to="/home">首頁</router-link>
            <router-link to="/login">登陸</router-link>
            <router-link to="/register">註冊</router-link>

            <router-view></router-view>
          </div>
        `
      };

      // 2. 在vue中中使用vue-router對象
      Vue.use(VueRouter);

      // 3. 建立一個vue-router對象
      let router = new VueRouter({
        // 此處要特別注意是routes,不是routers
        routes: [
          {
            path: '/home',
            component: Home,
          },
            {
              path: "/login",
              component: Login
            },
            {
              path: "/register",
              component: Register,
            }
        ]
      });

      // 4. 在vue實例中使用新建立的vue-router對象
      new Vue({
        el: "#app",
        template: `<app></app>`,
        components: {
          "app": App,
        },
        router: router
      })
  </script>

</body>
</html>

 

3、VueRouter知識點

3.1命名路由

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
    <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">

    </div>

    <script>
        let Home = {
            template: `
                <div>這是首頁頁面</div>
            `
        };

        let Login = {
            template: `
                <div>這是登陸頁面</div>
            `
        };

        let Register = {
            template: `
                <div>這是註冊頁面</div>
            `
        };

        let router = new VueRouter({
            routes: [
                {
                    name: 'home',
                    path: '/home',
                    component: Home,
                },
                {
                    name: 'login',
                    path: '/login',
                    component: Login,
                },
                {
                    name: 'register',
                    path: '/register',
                    component: Register,
                }
            ]
        });

        let App = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <router-link :to="{ name:'home' }">首頁</router-link>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'login' }">登陸</router-link>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'register' }">註冊</router-link>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `,
        };

        Vue.use(VueRouter);

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            template: `<App></App>`,
            components: {
                App
            },
            router: router
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

  

3.2路由參數

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
    <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">

    </div>

    <script>

        // xxx.html/user/1
        // xxx.html/user/userid=2

        let userParams = {
            template: `
                <div>用戶一信息概要</div>
            `
        };

        let userQuery = {
            template: `
                <div>用戶二信息概要</div>
            `
        };

        let router = new VueRouter({
            routes: [
                {
                    name: 'userParams',
                    path: '/userParams/:userId',
                    component: userParams,
                },
                {
                    name: 'userQuery',
                    path: '/userParams',
                    component: userQuery,
                }
            ]
        });

        let App = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'userParams', params: { userId: 1} }">Get User1</router-link>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'userQuery', query: { userId: 2} }">Get User2</router-link>
                
                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `,
        };

        Vue.use(VueRouter);

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            template: `<App></App>`,
            components: {
                App
            },
            router: router
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

  

3.3路由參數實現原理

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app"></div>

<script>
// 經常使用的兩種查詢方式
// xxx.html/user/1
// xxx.html/user/id=1

let userParams = {
template: `
<div>用戶一信息</div>
`,
created () {
console.log('this: ', this);
console.log(this.$route);
console.log(this.$route.params.userId);
// 此時能夠發送ajax請求到後端獲取數據
}
};

let userQuery = {
template: `
<div>用戶二信息</div>
`,
created () {
console.log(this.$route);
console.log(this.$route.query.userId);
// 此時能夠發送ajax請求到後端獲取數據
}
};

let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'userParams', params: { userId: 1} }">用戶一</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'userQuery', query: { userId: 2 } }">用戶二</router-link>

<router-view></router-view>

</div>
`,
};

// 在vue中使用vue-router
Vue.use(VueRouter);

// 建立一個VueRouter對象
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
name: 'userParams',
path: '/users/:userId',
component: userParams
},
{
name: 'userQuery',
path: '/users',
component: userQuery,
}
]
});

// 在vue中使用vue-router
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
components: {
'app': App,
},
router: router,
created () {
console.log('this: ', this);
console.log(this.$route);
}
})
</script>

</body>
</html>

  

3.4子路由

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
    <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">

    </div>

    <script>
        let Home = {
            template: `
                <div>首頁</div>
            `,
        };

        let Linux = {
            template: `
                <div>這是linux免費課</div>
            `
        };

        let Go = {
            template: `
                <div>這是go免費課</div>
            `
        };

        let FreeCourses = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <div>免費課程</div>
                    <router-link to="linux">Linux</router-link>
                    <router-link to="go">Go</router-link>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `
        };

        let router = new VueRouter({
            routes: [
                {
                    name: 'home',
                    path: '/home',
                    component: Home,
                },
                {
                    name: 'freecourses',
                    path: '/freecourses',
                    component: FreeCourses,
                    children: [
                        {
                            path: 'linux',
                            component: Linux,
                        },
                        {
                            path: 'go',
                            component: Go,
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        });

        let App = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'home' }">首頁</router-link>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'freecourses' }">免費課</router-link>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `,
        };

        Vue.use(VueRouter);

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            template: `<App></App>`,
            components: {
                App
            },
            router: router,
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

  

子路由appendlinux

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .home {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #0FC57C;
        }
        .courses {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #5b80b2;
        }

    </style>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
    <!--1. 引入vue-router-->
    <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app"></div>

    <script>
        let Home = {
            template: `
                <div class="home">這是首頁</div>
            `
        };

        let Courses = {
            template: `
                <div class="courses">課程頁面
                    <div class="details">
                        <router-link to="details" append>課程詳情</router-link>
                        <router-link to="students">學員故事</router-link>

                        <router-view></router-view>
                    </div>
                </div>
            `
        };

        let Details = {
            template: `
                <div>課程詳情頁</div>
            `
        };

        let Students = {
            template: `
                <div>學員故事</div>
            `
        };

        let App = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <router-link to="/">首頁</router-link>
                    <router-link to="/courses">課程頁面</router-link>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `
        };

        let routes = [
            {
                path: '/',
                component: Home
            },
            {
                path: '/courses',
                component: Courses,
                children: [
                    {
                        path: 'details',
                        component: Details,
                    },
                    {
                        path: 'students',
                        component: Students
                    }
                ]
            }
        ];

        Vue.use(VueRouter);

        let router = new VueRouter({
            routes: routes,
        });

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            template: `<app></app>`,
            router: router,
            components: {
                'app': App,
            }
        })

    </script>

</body>
</html>

  

VueRouter子路由非appendajax

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.home {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;

}
.courses {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;

}

</style>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app"></div>

<script>
let Home = {
template: `
<div class="home">這是首頁</div>
`
};

let Courses = {
template: `
<div class="courses">課程頁面
<div class="details">
<router-link to="/courses/details">課程詳情</router-link>
<router-link to="/courses/students">學員故事</router-link>

<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
`
};

let Details = {
template: `
<div>課程詳情頁</div>
`
};

let Students = {
template: `
<div>學員故事</div>
`
};

let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/">首頁</router-link>
<router-link to="/courses">課程頁面</router-link>

<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
};

let routes = [
{
path: '/',
component: Home
},
{
path: '/courses',
component: Courses,
children: [
{
path: '/courses/details',
component: Details,
},
{
path: '/courses/students',
component: Students
}
]
}
];

Vue.use(VueRouter);

let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
});

new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
router: router,
components: {
'app': App,
}
})

</script>

</body>
</html>

  

3.5redirect(重定向)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
    <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">

    </div>

    <script>
        let Home = {
            template: `
                <div>首頁</div>
            `,
        };

        let Login = {
            template: `
                <div>這是登陸頁面</div>
            `
        };

        let PayPage = {
            template: `
                <div>這是支付頁面</div>
            `
        };

        let router = new VueRouter({
            routes: [
                {
                    name: 'home',
                    path: '/home',
                    component: Home,
                },
                {
                    name: 'login',
                    path: '/login',
                    component: Login,
                },
                {
                    name: 'pay',
                    path: '/paypage',
                    redirect: '/login',
                    component: PayPage
                }
            ]
        });

        let App = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'home' }">首頁</router-link>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'login' }">登陸</router-link>
                    <router-link :to="{ name: 'pay' }">支付</router-link>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `,
        };

        Vue.use(VueRouter);

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            template: `<App></App>`,
            components: {
                App
            },
            router: router,
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

  

3.6手動路由

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .home {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #0FC57C;
        }
        .details {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #5b80b2;
        }
    </style>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
    <!--1. 引入vue-router-->
    <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app"></div>

    <script>
        let Home = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <div class="home">這是首頁</div>
                </div>
            `,
        };

        let Details = {
            template: `
                <div class="details">課程詳情頁</div>
            `
        };

        let App = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <router-link to="/">首頁</router-link>
                    <button @click="myClick">點擊跳轉到課程詳情頁面</button>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `,
            methods: {
                myClick: function () {
                    this.$router.push('/details');
                }
            }
        };

        let routes = [
            {
                path: '/',
                component: Home
            },
            {
                path: '/details',
                component: Details
            }
        ];

        Vue.use(VueRouter);

        let router = new VueRouter({
            routes: routes,
        });

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            template: `<app></app>`,
            router: router,
            components: {
                'app': App,
            }
        })

    </script>

</body>
</html>

  

3.7路由鉤子

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .home {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #0FC57C;
        }
        .login {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #5b80b2;
        }
        .user {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #5b80b2;
        }

    </style>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
    <!--1. 引入vue-router-->
    <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app"></div>

    <script>
        let homePage = {
            template: `
                <div class="home"><h3>這是首頁</h3></div>
            `
        };

        let loginPage = {
            template: `
                <div class="login"><h3>這是登陸頁面</h3></div>
            `
        };

        let userPage = {
            template: `
                <div class="user"><h3>這是用戶管理頁面</h3></div>
            `
        };

        let App = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <router-link to="/">首頁</router-link>
                    <router-link to="/login">登陸</router-link>
                    <router-link to="userinfo">用戶</router-link>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `
        };

        let routes = [
            {
                path: '/',
                component: homePage
            },
            {
                path: '/login',
                component: loginPage,
            },
            {
                path: '/userinfo',
                component: userPage,
            }
        ];

        Vue.use(VueRouter);

        let router = new VueRouter({
            routes: routes,
        });

        router.beforeEach(function (to, from, next) {
            // 若是next的參數是具體的路徑,則跳轉到該路徑
            // 若是next沒有被傳入參數,則什麼都不作,保持原來不變
            // 若是next的參數是一個error實例,跳轉終止
            next();
        });

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            template: `<app></app>`,
            components: {
                'app': App
            },
            router: router,
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

  

3.8路由鉤子實現登錄

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .home {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #0FC57C;
        }
        .login {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #5b80b2;
        }
        .user {
            width: 500px;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: #5b80b2;
        }

    </style>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
    <!--1. 引入vue-router-->
    <script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app"></div>

    <script>
        let homePage = {
            template: `
                <div class="home"><h3>這是首頁</h3></div>
            `
        };

        let loginPage = {
            template: `
                <div class="login"><h3>這是登陸頁面</h3></div>
            `
        };

        let userPage = {
            template: `
                <div class="user">
                    <router-link to="/userinfo/userInt">自我介紹</router-link>
                    <router-link to="/userinfo/userStudy">學習中心</router-link>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                    <h3>這是用戶管理頁面</h3>
                </div>
            `
        };

        let userIntr = {
            template: `
                <div>自我介紹頁面</div>
            `
        };

        let userStudy = {
            template: `
                <div>學習中心</div>
            `
        };

        let App = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <router-link to="/">首頁</router-link>
                    <router-link to="/login">登陸</router-link>
                    <router-link to="userinfo">用戶</router-link>

                    <router-view></router-view>
                </div>
            `
        };

        let routes = [
            {
                path: '/',
                component: homePage
            },
            {
                path: '/login',
                component: loginPage,
            },
            {
                path: '/userinfo',
                // meta對象裏面的屬性能夠自定義, 都會加載到route實例中
                meta: { required_login: true },
                component: userPage,
                children: [
                    {
                        path: '/userinfo/userIntr',
                        meta: { required_login: true },
                        component: userIntr
                    },
                    {
                        path: '/userinfo/userStudy',
                        meta: { required_login: true },
                        component: userStudy,
                    }
                ]
            }
        ];

        Vue.use(VueRouter);

        let router = new VueRouter({
            routes: routes,
        });

        router.beforeEach(function (to, from, next) {
            // 若是next的參數是具體的路徑,則跳轉到該路徑
            // 若是next沒有被傳入參數,則什麼都不作,保持原來不變
            // 若是next的參數是一個error實例,跳轉終止
            if ( to.meta.required_login ) {
                next('/login');
            } else {
                next();
            }
        });

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            template: `<app></app>`,
            components: {
                'app': App
            },
            router: router,
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>
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