Spring Boot 學習 (1): 初始化工程

時間 2019-12-04

標籤 spring boot 學習初始化工程欄目 Spring 简体版

原文原文鏈接

spring boot 項目初始化，介紹三種方式：IntelliJ 建立、Spring CLI 建立以及手動建立，工程使用 gradle 構建工具。java

IntelliJ建立

選擇 spring initializr
填寫本身想要的配置信息
選擇依賴包：
配置工程名和工程所在目錄：

進入到工程，以下圖所示:web

建立完成。spring

Spring CLI建立

示例：vim

spring init -dweb,data-jpa,h2,thymeleaf --build gradle initbycli

運行命令後會顯示：tomcat

Using service at https://start.spring.io
Project extracted to '<current_path>/initbycli'

執行完成會看到當前目錄下會多出 initbycli 目錄.app

.
└── initbycli
    ├── HELP.md
    ├── build.gradle
    ├── gradle
    │   └── wrapper
    │       ├── gradle-wrapper.jar
    │       └── gradle-wrapper.properties
    ├── gradlew
    ├── gradlew.bat
    ├── settings.gradle
    └── src
        ├── main
        │   ├── java
        │   │   └── com
        │   │       └── example
        │   │           └── initbycli
        │   │               └── DemoApplication.java
        │   └── resources
        │       ├── application.properties
        │       ├── static
        │       └── templates
        └── test
            └── java
                └── com
                    └── example
                        └── initbycli
                            └── DemoApplicationTests.java

能夠看到基本工程目錄文件已經建立好了。maven

再看一下 Spring CLI 的說明：ide

$ spring help init
spring init - Initialize a new project using Spring Initializr (start.spring.io)

usage: spring init [options] [location]

Option                       Description
------                       -----------
-a, --artifactId <String>    Project coordinates; infer archive name (for
                               example 'test')
-b, --boot-version <String>  Spring Boot version (for example '1.2.0.RELEASE')
--build <String>             Build system to use (for example 'maven' or
                               'gradle') (default: maven)
-d, --dependencies <String>  Comma-separated list of dependency identifiers to
                               include in the generated project
--description <String>       Project description
-f, --force                  Force overwrite of existing files
--format <String>            Format of the generated content (for example
                               'build' for a build file, 'project' for a
                               project archive) (default: project)
-g, --groupId <String>       Project coordinates (for example 'org.test')
-j, --java-version <String>  Language level (for example '1.8')
-l, --language <String>      Programming language  (for example 'java')
--list                       List the capabilities of the service. Use it to
                               discover the dependencies and the types that are
                               available
-n, --name <String>          Project name; infer application name
-p, --packaging <String>     Project packaging (for example 'jar')
--package-name <String>      Package name
-t, --type <String>          Project type. Not normally needed if you use --
                               build and/or --format. Check the capabilities of
                               the service (--list) for more details
--target <String>            URL of the service to use (default: https://start.
                               spring.io)
-v, --version <String>       Project version (for example '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT')
-x, --extract                Extract the project archive. Inferred if a
                               location is specified without an extension

說明：spring-boot

依賴：使用 -d, --dependencies <String>, , 號分割.
項目構建類型: --build <String>, 默認爲 maven, 另外一選項是 gradle.
初始化類型: --format <String>, 默認爲 project, 會初始化整個工程的目錄結構。可選項是 build, 只會生成工程所須要的 build.gradle 文件.
查看有哪些能夠配置的：--list, 命令輸出之後，內容包括可選的依賴包，工程類型和構建屬性（ java 版本等).

手動建立

創建工程目錄: mkdir initbyself

在工程目錄下創建 build.gradle 文件，工具

cd initbyself
vim build.gradle

build.gradle 內容爲：

plugins {
        id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.1.3.RELEASE'
        id 'java'
    }
    
    apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'
    
    group = 'com.example'
    version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
    sourceCompatibility = '1.8'
    
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    
    dependencies {
        implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'
        implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf'
        implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
        runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2'
        testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    }

建立 setting.gradle 文件

pluginManagement {
        repositories {
            gradlePluginPortal()
        }
    }
    rootProject.name = 'initbyself'

建立java代碼目錄

mkdir -p src/main/java/com/example/initbyself
mkdir -p src/main/java/resources

建立 application

切換到代碼目錄
cd src/main/java/com/example/initbyself

編寫源碼文件 DemoApplication.java

package com.example.initbyself;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

}

運行 gradle build，結果爲:

> Task :build
Skipping task ':build' as it has no actions.
:build (Thread[Daemon worker Thread 2,5,main]) completed. Took 0.0 secs.

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 3s
2 actionable tasks: 2 executed

運行項目:

java -jar build/libs/initbyself-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

 .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.1.3.RELEASE)
.
.
.
.
.
2019-03-07 00:17:36.996  INFO 11848 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2019-03-07 00:17:36.999  INFO 11848 --- [           main] com.example.initbyself.DemoApplication   : Started DemoApplication in 19.497 seconds (JVM running for 19.992)

此時，已說明工程初始化成功了。