1、Zuul簡介web
Zuul的主要功能是路由轉發和過濾器。路由功能是微服務的一部分,好比/api/user轉發到到user服務,/api/shop轉發到到shop服務。zuul默認和Ribbon結合實現了負載均衡的功能。spring
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zuul有如下功能:apache
Authenticationapi
Insights瀏覽器
Stress Testing安全
Canary Testingapp
Dynamic Routing負載均衡
Service Migrationnosql
Load Shedding
Security
Static Response handling
Active/Active traffic management
2、建立service-zuul工程
pom.xml文件以下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.forezp</groupId> <artifactId>service-zuul</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>service-zuul</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>com.forezp</groupId> <artifactId>sc-f-chapter5</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
在其入口applicaton類加上註解@EnableZuulProxy,開啓zuul的功能:
@SpringBootApplication @EnableZuulProxy @EnableEurekaClient @EnableDiscoveryClient public class ServiceZuulApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run( ServiceZuulApplication.class, args ); } }
加上配置文件application.yml加上如下的配置代碼:
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ server: port: 8769 spring: application: name: service-zuul zuul: routes: api-a: path: /api-a/** serviceId: service-ribbon api-b: path: /api-b/** serviceId: service-feign
首先指定服務註冊中心的地址爲 http://localhost:8761/eureka/, 服務的端口爲8769,服務名爲service-zuul;以/api-a/ 開頭的請求都轉發給service-ribbon服務;以/api-b/開頭的請求都轉發給service-feign服務;
依次運行這五個工程;打開瀏覽器訪問:http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=forezp ;瀏覽器顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port: 8762
打開瀏覽器訪問:http://localhost:8769/api-b/hi?name=forezp ;瀏覽器顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port: 8762
這說明zuul起到了路由的做用
3、服務過濾
zuul不只只是路由,而且還能過濾,作一些安全驗證。繼續改造工程;
@Component public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter { private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class); @Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; } @Override public Object run() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest(); log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString())); Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token"); if(accessToken == null) { log.warn("token is empty"); ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false); ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401); try { ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty"); }catch (Exception e){} return null; } log.info("ok"); return null; } }
filterType:返回一個字符串表明過濾器的類型,在zuul中定義了四種不一樣生命週期的過濾器類型,具體以下:
pre:路由以前
routing:路由之時
post: 路由以後
error:發送錯誤調用
filterOrder:過濾的順序
shouldFilter:這裏能夠寫邏輯判斷,是否要過濾,本文true,永遠過濾。
run:過濾器的具體邏輯。可用很複雜,包括查sql,nosql去判斷該請求到底有沒有權限訪問。
這時訪問:http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=forezp ;網頁顯示:
token is empty
訪問 http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=forezp&token=22 ;
網頁顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port: 8762