//默認容量微16 static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; //最大容量2^30 static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; //默認裝載因子0.75 static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; //空表 static final Entry<?,?>[] EMPTY_TABLE = {}; //默認空表 transient Entry<K,V>[] table = (Entry<K,V>[]) EMPTY_TABLE; //元素個數 transient int size; //擴容閾值 int threshold; //裝載因子:table中裝入的元素/table的長度,超過此值會resize table final float loadFactor;
看看其構造函數: java
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity); if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor); this.loadFactor = loadFactor; threshold = initialCapacity; init(); //空實現,子類可Override }
HashMap中的元素就是經過Entry的數組實現,Entry爲: 算法
static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { final K key; V value; Entry<K,V> next; //後節點引用,HashMap採用連接表解決Hash衝突 int hash; //對應key的hash值 }看看比較重要的put, get, remove等方法:
put方法實現: 數組
圖解即爲: 安全
實現代碼: ide
public V put(K key, V value) { if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) { inflateTable(threshold);//若爲空表,就擴容 } if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value); //若key爲null, hash值爲0 int hash = hash(key); //根據key對象,算出其hash值 int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); //由hash值映射到table中某位置 for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { //是否有相同的key對象,有則替換原來的值,且返回舊值 Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {//注意key類得Override equals,hashCode方法 V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } modCount++; addEntry(hash, key, value, i); return null; }看看inflateTable()方法:
private void inflateTable(int toSize) { // 找到一個大於toSize,且爲2的指數被的容量大小,方便hash值計算和元素索引計算 int capacity = roundUpToPowerOf2(toSize); threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1); table = new Entry[capacity]; initHashSeedAsNeeded(capacity); }
看看hash值怎麼計算的: 函數
final int hash(Object k) { int h = hashSeed; if (0 != h && k instanceof String) { return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k); } h ^= k.hashCode(); h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12); return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4); }獲得了key對象hash值,還要算出其在table數組中的索引,看indexFor():
static int indexFor(int h, int length) { //這裏很巧,能保證不管hash值爲多少,算出的索引都在數組索引範圍內 return h & (length-1); }
再看看怎麼講一個元素添加到table中的,addEntry()方法: this
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {//超過閾值,且table[butcketIndex]不爲空 resize(2 * table.length); //擴容爲原來2倍,HashMap沒有提供定製擴容大小,怕你亂來 hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0; //從新計算hash值 bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length); //table變了,從新計算index } createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex); //建立Entry } void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex]; table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e); //插入Entry, 至關於再鏈表頭插入 size++; }
對於get方法: spa
public V get(Object key) { if (key == null) return getForNullKey(); Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key); return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue(); } final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) { if (size == 0) { return null; } int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key); //計算hash for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];e != null; e = e.next) {//遍歷鏈表,比較 Object k; if (e.hash == hash &&((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return e; } return null; }對於remove方法:
public V remove(Object key) { Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key); return (e == null ? null : e.value); } final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) { if (size == 0) { return null; } int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key); //計算hash int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); //計算index Entry<K,V> prev = table[i]; //鏈表頭 Entry<K,V> e = prev; while (e != null) { Entry<K,V> next = e.next; Object k; if (e.hash == hash &&((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) { modCount++; size--; if (prev == e) //刪除的是鏈表頭 table[i] = next; else prev.next = next; e.recordRemoval(this); return e; } prev = e; e = next; } return e; }
這基本的HashMap分析。 .net
對於HashTable,與HashMap原理基本一致,這裏就說其與HashMap的不一樣之處: 線程
public Hashtable() { this(11, 0.75f); //默認容量爲11 }
public synchronized V put(K key, V value) { // value不能爲null if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); } Entry tab[] = table; int hash = hash(key); //計算hash int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; //計算index for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) { if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) { V old = e.value; e.value = value; return old; } } modCount++; if (count >= threshold) { // Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded rehash(); //擴容 tab = table; hash = hash(key); index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; } // Creates the new entry. Entry<K,V> e = tab[index]; tab[index] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e); count++; return null; }
其擴容函數rehash():
protected void rehash() { int oldCapacity = table.length; Entry<K,V>[] oldMap = table; //擴容爲2倍+1 int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1) + 1; if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) { if (oldCapacity == MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) return; newCapacity = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; } Entry<K,V>[] newMap = new Entry[newCapacity]; modCount++; threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1); boolean rehash = initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity); table = newMap; for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) { //從新hash鏈表中的Entry到新table for (Entry<K,V> old = oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) { Entry<K,V> e = old; old = old.next; if (rehash) { e.hash = hash(e.key); } int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity; e.next = newMap[index]; newMap[index] = e; } } }
private int hash(Object k) { return hashSeed ^ k.hashCode(); }
之後,就不用怕人問你HashMap和HashTable的區別,你就只知道同步問題,直接把代碼寫給他看,對於同步HashMap, 另外會分析ConcurrentHashMap的實現:http://my.oschina.net/indestiny/blog/209458
對於HashSet, 其實現徹底分發給內部的HashMap成員變量,僅利用HashMap的key來實現, 從其屬性便知:
private transient HashMap<E,Object> map; //map的值都爲這個對象 private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
其add,remove方法都分發給了map對象:
public boolean add(E e) { return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null; } public boolean remove(Object o) { return map.remove(o)==PRESENT; }以上就簡單分析了HashMap,HashTable,HashSet。
不吝指正。